scholarly journals HUBUNGAN MINAT DAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MUATAN IPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Kusuma Anggriyani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Learning Interest

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara minat dan disiplin belajar dengan hasil belajar muatan IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ahmad Yani Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasi. Populasi berjumlah 151 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 106 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Proportional Random Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Uji instrumen dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara minat dan disiplin belajar dengan hasil belajar muatan IPS, nilai rhitung = 0,679 dan termasuk kategori kuat serta berkontribusi sebesar 46,1%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara minat dan disiplin belajar dengan hasil belakar muatan IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ahmad Yani Kabupaten Pekalongan. The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a positive and significant correlation between learning interest and learning discipline with social studies learning outcomes the fourth grade students of the State Elementary School of Ahmad Yani Cluster in Pekalongan Regency. This research was a quantitative type of correlation study. The population was 151 students with a sample of 106 students. The sampling technique used Proportional Random Sampling. The data collection techniques used interviews, observation, questionnaires, and documentations. The instrument test used validity test and reliability test. The data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and product moment correlation analysis. The results of the data analysis in this study showed there was a positive and significant correlation between learning interest and learning discipline with social studies learning outcomes, Rcount = 0.679 and includes in a strong category and contributes 46.1%. The conclusion in this study there was a positive and significant correlation between learning interest and learning discipline with social studies learning outcomes the fourth grade students of the State Elementary School of Ahmad Yani Cluster in Pekalongan Regency

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DISIPLIN DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR MUATAN IPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Lusiati Solichah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Fourth Grade Students

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara disiplin dan kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar muatan IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Proportional Random Sampling sejumlah 112 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji instrumen dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis product moment. Hasil analisis data dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara disiplin dan kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar muatan IPS, nilai rhitung = 0,791 dan termasuk kategori kuat serta berkontribusi sebesar 62,6%. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara disiplin dan kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar muatan IPS siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Ki Hajar Dewantara Kabupaten Kebumen.   The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a positive and significant correlation between learning discipline and learning independence with social studies learning outcomes the fourth grade students of the State Elementary Schools of Ki Hajar Dewantara Cluster in Kebumen Regency. This research was a quantitative type of correlation study. The sampling technique used proportional random sampling of 112 students. The data collection techniques are questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. The instrument test used validity and reliability test. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and product moment correlation analysis. The results of data analysis in this study showed there was a positive and significant correlation between learning discipline and learning independence with social studies learning outcomes, Rcount = 0.791 and included in a strong category and contributes 62.6%. The conclusion in this study there was a positive and significant correlation between learning discipline and learning independence with social studies learning outcomes the fourth grade students of the State Elementary Schools of Ki Hajar Dewantara Cluster in Kebumen Regency.

scholarly journals Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Circuit Learning Berbantuan Media Microsoft Power Point untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SDN 3 Palangka Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Siti Paramida ◽  
Ade Salahuddin Permadi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to: (1) To describe the learning activities of fourth grade students during Social Studies learning by applying the Circuit Learning learning model assisted by Microsoft PowerPoint media and (2) To improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade students during IPS learning by applying the model learning Circuit Learning supported by Microsoft PowerPoint media. The type of research used in this study was Classroom Action Research (PTK) with research subjects all of the fourth-grade students of Palangka Elementary School-3 which numbered 35 students. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and tests. Data analysis using qualitative, quantitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Activity of Grade IV students in Palangka Elementary School-3 of 2016/2017 Academic Year in Social Studies learning after applying the Circuit Learning model assisted by Microsoft PowerPoint media to be very good because students are active and enthusiastic in following the process learning. The observations of teacher activities on teaching and learning activities carried out by observer I and Observer II during the social studies learning the process in the first cycle were 3.73 in the outstanding category, and the universal aspect of the students was 3.57 in the very well typed. (2) There is an increase in social studies learning outcomes by implementing Microsoft PowerPoint Circuit Assisted learning model on social studies subjects in grade IV of the 2016/2017 SDN-3 Academic Year. This is indicated by the learning outcomes seen through the class average in cycle I which is equal to 80 and the completeness percentage of students in classics namely 100%, from the predetermined provisions namely for KKM of 65 and completeness criteria in classical 85% with this then It can be concluded that there is an increase in social studies learning outcomes after applying the Learning Learning model assisted by Microsoft PowerPoint

RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS 'READING INTEREST AND LEARNING READINESS WITH IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intania Zahra Annisafitri ◽  
Sumilah Sumilah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Readiness ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Reading Interest

The background of this study is the ranking of Indonesian education in the world in 2019 showed that the quality of learning in Indonesia is on 108th ranks. While in the ASEAN region, education in Indonesia takes fifth ranks out of nine countries. The data showed the low quality of education in Indonesia. One of the evidence is the problem occurred on the fourth grade students in elementary school Cluster Diponegoro Semarang. The result of student learning of social studies on fourth grade are still relatively low. This study aims to examine the correlation between: 1) reading interest and social studies learning outcomes; 2) readiness to study and social studies learning outcomes; 3) reading interest, simultaneous learning readiness, and the learning outcomes of social studies. This study used a correlation research design with a quantitative approach. The research samples of 103 students were taken using nonprobability sampling technique by random sampling. The data collection used questionnaire, interview, and documentation. The instrument trials were carried out by validity and reliability tests. The data analysis techniques used the prerequisite test for data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) there was a positive correlation between reading interest and social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 48%; 2) there was a positive correlation between learning readiness and social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 49.6%; 3) there was a positive correlation between reading interest and learning readiness simultaneously with social studies learning outcomes the proved by its correlation showed a strong contribution of 58.9%. It can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between reading interest, learning readiness, and social studies learning outcomes of fourth grade students in elementary school Cluster Diponegoro Semarang.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA POWERPOINT TERHADAP MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Nira Elpira ◽  
Anik Ghufron
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Science Lesson ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Learning Interest ◽  
Academic Year

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media Powerpoint terhadap minat dan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Sagan. Jenis penelitian  ini quasi eksperiment dengan desain One-Group pretest-posttest  design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Sagan pada semester pertama Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel bebas (penggunaan media Powerpoint) dan variabel terikat (minat dan hasil belajar). Sample penelitian adalah siswa kelas IVA SD Muhammadiyah Sagan Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester I Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan non tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah tes hasil belajar berbentuk pilihan ganda dan angket minat belajar. Data penelitian ini diambil dari data hasil tes dan non tes, dengan  membandingkan rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media Powerpoint IPA terbukti berpengaruh terhadap minat dan hasil belajar.Kata kunci: media Powerpoint, minat belajar, hasil belajar_____________________________________________________________________ THE EFFECT OF POWERPOINT MEDIA USE ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING INTEREST AND OUTCOMES OF NATURAL SCIENCE LESSON OF THE FOURTH GRADE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effect of media Powerpoint use on the interest and outcome of learning natural science of the fourth grade students at elementry school. This research was  quasi-experimental using one-group pretest-posttest design. The populations comprised the fourth grade students of elementry school in the first semester of the academic year of 2013/2014. The research variables consisted of independent variable (the use of Powerpoint media) and dependent variables (students’ learning outcomes and interest). The research sample was IV A students of Muhammadiyah Sagan elementary school, in the academic year of 2013-2014.  The data were collected through testing and non-testing. The data collecting instruments were a multiple choice test of learning outcomes and a questionnaire of learning interest. The reseach data were taken from the results of testing and non-testing, by comparing the mean of pre and post learning. The research result shows that the use of Powerpoint media has effect on students’ outcomes and interest.Keywords: Powerpoint media, learning interest, learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Peta Konsep Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belasar IPS dan Karakter Nasionalis Siswa Kelas IV SD Inpres Semangga 1 Merauke

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Karlina Wong Lieung ◽  
Dewi Puji Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Planning Action

The problem that occurs in fourth grade students of SD Inpres Semangga 1, Merauke Regency is the importance of improving social studies and the nationalist character of students. This study aims to improve social studies learning outcomes on the beauty of diversity in my country theme and the nationalist character of fourth grade SD Inpres Semangga 1, Merauke Regencies students. This research is a classroom action research. The study was conducted in three cycles with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The studies subjects were the fourth grade students of SD Inpres Semangga 1, Merauke Regency. The data used in this study were students, teachers, and observers. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of pretest grade IV students used the concept map method of 41.76, increasing in the first cycle of 72.06, second cycle 76.47, and third cycle 80.59. The nationalist character of the students from the first cycle was categorized by 17.65%, increased in the second cycle by 70.59% and in the third cycle was 94.12%.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF THINK PAIR AND SHARE PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pitriana Pitriana ◽  
Zahra Khusnul Lathifah ◽  
Helwiyah Makarim
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Average Value ◽  
School Year ◽  
Fourth Grade Students

Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal yang belum mencapai indikator penelitian minimal 75% dari jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM mata pelajaran Matematika yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah sebesar 65. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dan dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif dan dua siklus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif think pair and share pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Rancabakti Kecamatan Nanggung Kabupaten Bogor. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri Rancabakti sebanyak 26 siswa yang terdiri dari 12 siswa laki-laki dan 14 siswa perempuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil belajar mata pelajaran Matematika pada siklus pertama memperoleh nilai rata-rata 66,24 dengan ketuntasan hasil belajar sebesar 61,54%, sedangkan hasil belajar siklus kedua memperoleh nilai rata-rata 76,73 dengan ketuntasan hasil belajar sebesar 80,77%. Begitu pula dengan hasil observasi perilaku siswa menunjukan adanya peningkatan pada aktivitas siswa dengan memperoleh nilai rata-rata pada siklus pertama yaitu 67,46, sedangkan siklus kedua memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 81,29. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif think pair and share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran Matematika pada siswa kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Rancabakti Kecamatan Nanggung Kabupaten Bogor. Selain itu model pembelajaran ini dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan kemampuan berpikir siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata kunci: hasil belajar, matematika, model kooperatif think pair and share. THE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL THINK PAIR AND SHARE IN SUBJECT OF MATHEMATICSAbstractThe background of this research is the thoroughness of classical learning outcomes of students who have not achieved an indicator of research at least 75% of the number of students who reached the KKM mathematics set by the school at 65. This research use approach Action Research (PTK), and implemented collaboratively and two cycles. This study aims to determine an effort to improve student learning outcomes through cooperative learning model Think Pair and share in the fourth grade mathematics courses at the State Elementary School Rancabakti Nanggung Bogor. The subjects were the fourth grade students of State Elementary School Rancabakti as many as 26 students consisting of 12 male students and 14 female students. Research was conducted in the second semester of the school year 2016/2017. The results showed that the average value of learning outcomes in Mathematics in the first cycle obtain an average value of 66.24 by the thoroughness of learning outcomes by 61.54%, while the learning outcomes of the second cycle obtain an average value of 76.73 by the thoroughness of the results learning by 80.77%. Similarly, the observation of the behavior of the students showed an increase in the student activity by obtaining the average value in the first cycle is 67.46, while the second cycle obtain an average value of 81.29. This study concluded that cooperative learning model Think Pair and share to improve learning outcomes in Mathematics in grade IV in the State Primary School Rancabakti Nanggung Bogor. In addition this model can enhance the activity and thinking ability of students in the learning process.  

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SDN 3 JATIMULYO

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Nureva Nureva ◽  
Susi Mariyana
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Learning Interest ◽  
Academic Year

One factor that influences learning outcomes is interest. In learning activities, if students have an interest in learning, they will feel that learning is very important so they try to focus their attention on things related to learning activities and are happy to do it without coercion from anyone. This research aims to determine the correlation of interest in learning with mathematics learning outcomes of students at Elementary School 3 Jatimulyo, Jatiagung District, South Lampung Regency. This research uses quantitative methods and the type of correlation research. The population of this study was all fourth grade students of Elementary School 3 Jatimulyo. The sample of this study was 69 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis uses the product moment correlation formula. The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between learning interest with learning outcomes in mathematics. These results are based on statistical calculations that show a calculation of 0.918> rtable 0.235. The results of the hypothesis analysis can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between learning interest and mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students of Elementary School 3 Jatimulyo Odd Semester Academic Year 2018/2019 by judging from the count criteria> rtable

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Two Stay Two Stray Learning Model on Students' Creative Thinking Ability and Social Studies Learning Outcomes Class IV Public Elementary School Pedurungan Kidul 01 Semarang Academic Year 2015/2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-331
Author(s):  
Wiratno Surahmat
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Public Elementary School ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Class Iv

This research is based on the background of the low learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Public Elementary School Pedurungan Kidul 01 Semarang in the subject of Social Sciences natural resource material and students' low creative thinking skills. This type of research is quantitative. The population in this study were all fourth-grade students at Public Elementary School Pedurungan Kidul 01 Semarang, totalling 40 students with a sampling technique, namely a saturated sample. The research design used was a one-group pretest-posttest design. Based on the results of normality data analysis with Stable = 0.140, initial normality was obtained with L0 = 0.134, and final normality L0 = 0.139 with H0 results accepted that the data came from a normal distribution. Furthermore, the t-test calculation with ttable = 1.685 obtained t-count learning mastery = 23,772. With classical learning, completeness reaches 95%. Calculation of the analysis of creative thinking by students obtained t count = 15,899, and t arithmetic analysis of creative thinking conducted by the teacher = 10,690. Then Ha is accepted, meaning that the Two Stay Two Stray learning model effectively affects students' creative thinking skills and social studies learning outcomes for class IV Public Elementary School Pedurungan Kidul 01 Semarang with 95% classical learning completeness. Effective social studies learning outcomes, natural resource materials, and fostering students' creative thinking skills can be used as an alternative teacher in teaching.

Kontribusi Minat Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS

Academia Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didik Hermanto ◽  
Septi Budi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Class Iv

The study aims to determine the contribution and analyze the level of contribution of interest in learning to the learning outcomes of social studies students of fourth grade SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo. The design of the study used quantitative correlation type research. Research sample of grade IV students of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques using product moment correlation test to reveal the contribution and test the determination to reveal the level of contribution. Based on the presentation and analysis of the data, it can be concluded: 1) there is a contribution of interest in learning to the learning outcomes in social studies of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo of 0.97, meaning that interest in learning has a very strong correlation to student learning outcomes and 2) there is a contribution the high between interest in learning towards learning outcomes in subjects of class IV IPS of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo is 94%.

NING MODEL ASSISTED BY BLOG ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS IV IPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukmi Maulana ◽  
Farid Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Test Result

Based on the result of preresearch in the form of observation, interviews, and data on learning outcomes conducted in the fourth grade students at Nyi Ageng Serang Cluster Elementary school in Semarang, it was known that the social studies learning outcomes were not optimal because the learning model and media used were also not optimal. Although the teacher had used problem-based learning model, the students still had difficulties to identify problems and the media in the form of A4 print out pictures were not enough to help them. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of problem-based learning model assisted by blog media on the social studies learning outcomes in fourth grade students at Nyi Ageng Serang Cluster Elementary School in Semarang. This research used quantitative approach with the experimental type and nonequivalent control group design. The sample technique used cluster random sampling, with population of 172 students. The data collection used tests, observations and documentation. The hypothesis test result showed that the value of tcount = 4.007, and ttable = 2.009, because tcount ˃ ttable (4.007 ˃ 2.009) which means that the problem based learning model assisted by blog media was effective to increase the social studies learning outcomes of the fourth grade students. The n-gain test result of the experimental group was 0.40 categorized in medium criteria, whereas the n-gain test result of control group was 0.15, categorized in low criteria. The observation of students' activities using observation sheets showed the average score of the activity of experimental class students was 82%, which is better than the control class that only got 64%. The conclusion of this research is that the problem-based learning model assisted by blog media was effectively used in social studies learning in fourth grade students at Nyi Ageng Serang Cluster Elementary School in Semarang.

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