The Effect of Multivitamins, Minerals, and Q10 on Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix

Objectives: Invasive cervical cancer is one of the most fatal genital cancers of women which can be detected by having Pap smear in precancerous stage. Various approaches can be taken for treating or preventing the progress of these precancerous lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytopathological and colposcopic response of precancerous lesions to multivitamin, mineral (multi-mineral), and coenzyme Q10 supplements. Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 participants with clinical complaints or abnormal Pap smear test results. The intervention and control groups received supplemental and placebo treatments, respectively, for 3 months after a primarily Pap smear test. The Pap smear test was also performed after the treatment and patients with abnormal results were screened by colposcopy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The percentage of participants in the intervention and control groups were 40% and 28.3% in the age range of 20-29, 26.7% and 41.7% in the age range of 30–39, and finally 33.3% and 30% over 40 years of age, respectively (P=0.19). The percentage of normalization in Pap smear test result was 83.3% and 53.3% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that short-term usage of multi-mineral and Q10 supplements may decrease the risk of cervical cancer in women with abnormal Pap smear. However, studies with larger population and longer trial period are needed for further investigation.

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Survey the Effect of Educational Program Based on Precaution Adoption Process Model on Screening Cervical Cancer Behaviors among Rural Women, Mixed Method Development

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v27i130158 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Afshin Bahmani ◽

Nasrin Bahmani ◽

Behnaz Enjezab ◽

Hossein Baghianimoghadam ◽

Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Process Model ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Adoption Process ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Precaution Adoption Process Model ◽

And Control ◽

Precaution Adoption

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is considered as a preventable cancer in women. Pap smear test is an effective screening program for diagnosing cervical cancer, but for some reasons its use is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the women's participation in the Pap smear test based on precaution adoption process model and effect of educational program based on model on doing the Pap test with a Mixed Method approach. Materials and Methods: This study was a Mixed Method approach. Thirty women voluntarily participated in this study in sarvabad city of Iran. The sampling began purposefully and continued until saturation. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and continuous comparisons. Quantitative study was conducted implementing a quasi-experimental method. Participants were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups using Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) among 180 rural females in Sarvabad. In treating the experimental group, the methods of lecturing with question and answer, playing videos, specialized consulting and pamphlet were used. The questionnaire including a demographic characteristic and variables that affecting the stages of the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney, chi-square and descriptive statistical methods. P <0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: In qualitative study Model-based themes included, awareness, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, social norms. Women`s awareness about cervical cancer and Pap smear test is not enough, but, they perceived the severity of the disease. In quantitative study in comparison of the means of the scores of psychological variables affecting the decision process in Pap smear test, there was a significant relationship between the experimental and control groups based on Mann-Whitney test and control groups based on variables, perceived susceptibility, awareness and social norms. But the perceived severity was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Findings of this study will help health managers and health planners to plan and train ways to facilitate the participation of women in the Pap smear test.

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Screening of pre cancer and cancer cervix by Pap smear among women in reproductive age group: a community based study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Suma R. K. ◽

Keerthi S. Yalaburgi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Age Group ◽

Cancer Cervix ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. The disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries is largely due to a lack of screening that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to identify pre cancer, cancer of cervix by Pap smear test and the factors associated with cervical cancer.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among married women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years in the urban field practice area of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences, from Jan 2013 to March 2013. The study comprised of 357 women. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Screening was done by Pap smear test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: 49.6% women were in the age group of 40-49 years. 62 (17.4%) were illiterates. 67.5 % belonged to low socioeconomic status. Pap smear test detected premalignant lesions among 2.1% women; no cancer cervix cases were detected. Association between premalignant lesion and educational status, early age at marriage, multi parity, erosion cervix was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Regular cytological screening by Pap smear will help in early detection of precancerous lesions and thereby prevent cancer cervix.

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Cervical pap smear study and its utility in cervical cancer detection and prevention

Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research ◽

10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 470-475

Author(s):

Boinapalli Sudhakar ◽

Vijaya Karra ◽

Pamu Shiva Ramulu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Early Identification ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Screening Method ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Cervical Cancers ◽

Smear Test

The objective of present study to find out women for precancerous lesions with the help of pap smear test as early identification marker. Determine the percentage of cervical cancer in relationship with demographic, education and occupation. To find out pap smear effectiveness in various infections. To find out correlation pap smear findings with symptoms.This is a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women from the rural population of Siddipet district for the assessment of health status using pap smear test who have attended the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology conducted during the period of August 2019 to May 2021. The present study included 1500 Pap smears, of which the most common abnormality was inflammatory smear, which is followed by atrophic smear. Among all the study respondent’s majority (64.5%) of the women were home makers and not working, remaining participants were either self employed or working women. Percentage of abnormal smear reports was reported in group 2 (31-40 years) subjects followed by group 3 (41-50 years) women. In 22 patients, Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) was observed. The present study reported very less cervical cancer prevalence in our study population.Pap smear testing is a sensitive and effective screening test which can be used for identification of precancerous epithelial lesions. Pap smear test should be recognized as a routine screening method to decrease Mortality and Morbidity due to the cervical cancer. This study also regard us as paps smear is a gold standard for cervical screening. This study also suggests that every woman above the age 30 years should undergo screening programs for cervical cancers. So Morbidity and Mortality due to cervical cancers can be prevented by early identification of cervical cancer by doing screening at regular intervals.

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Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Kanker Serviks Dengan Sikap Terhadap Pemeriksaan Pap Smear Pada Wanita Usia Subur di Dusun Pancuran Bantul Tahun 2017

Jurnal Teknologi Kesehatan (Journal of Health Technology) ◽

10.29238/jtk.v13i2.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

Amalia Ratna Kusumaningrum ◽

Siti Tyastuti ◽

Hesty Widyasih

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge

In Indonesia, the highest prevalence of cervical cancer is located in D.I Yogyakarta. Low knowledge of cervical cancerbecomes one of the factors causing high incidence of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can be prevented by using Pap smearearly on. Coverage of Pap smear can be used below 10%. Good knowledge also can support Pap smear. The purpose of thisstudy is to know the correlation between knowledge level on cervical cancer and attitude toward Pap smear on women atfertile age in Pancuran, Bantul, 2017. The population was 191 women's fertile age at Pancuran village, Bantul. This studyused cross sectional study design with simple random sampling technique. The sample of this study was 90 participants. Thedata collection used the questionnaire on the level of knowledge and the attitude on April 16, 23, and 27, 2017. Data analysisused Chi-Square test. The result of the study shows 80% of the sample was elementary, economic status was 69% belowBantul minimum wage, 82% had not done Pap smear test before, 48% with good knowledge, and 39% the attitude wassupporting Pap smear. The result of statistical test showed p-value 0.000, with the power was moderate (0.504). This studyconcludes that there is a correlation between the level of knowledge and the attitude toward Pap smear test which the value ismoderate.

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Knowledge and practice about cervical cancer and Pap smear testing among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200311000-00014 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 827-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Gichangi ◽

B. Estambale ◽

J. Bwayo ◽

K. Rogo ◽

S. Ojwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Care Providers ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

The Past ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Smear Testing

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. Population-based cytologic screening and early treatment does reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Some of the factors related to the success of such a program include awareness about cervical cancer and its screening. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and practice about cervical cancer and Pap smear testing among cervical cancer and noncancer patients using a structured questionnaire to obtain information. Fifty-one percent of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer while 32% knew about Pap smear testing. There were no significant differences in knowledge between cervical cancer and noncancer patients. Health care providers were the principal source of information about Pap testing (82%). Only 22% of all patients had had a Pap smear test in the past. Patients aware of cervical cancer were more likely to have had a Pap smear test in the past. The level of knowledge is low among ICC and noncancer patients. There is need to increase the level of knowledge and awareness about ICC and screening among Kenyan women to increase uptake of the currently available hospital screening facilities.

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Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01188-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽

Yu-Yun Hsu ◽

Ya-Min Cheng ◽

Shu-Hsin Lee

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Health Belief ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

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