STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF AGE ON OESTROGENS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH ATROPHIC ENDOMETRIUM AND NORMAL LIVER FUNCTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-J. Procopé ◽  
H. Adlercreutz
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Normal Liver Function ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

ABSTRACT A group of 104 post-menopausal women, who were at least 50 years old and with a time lapse of at least 2 years since the last menstruation, were investigated for their urinary oestrogen content. All the women had an atrophic endometrium as judged by histological investigation of a biopsy specimen. In 66 of the subjects the mean value of the karyopyknotic and eosinophilic indices in the vaginal smear was also calculated. The women, whose ages ranged from 50 to 79 years, were divided into 6 age groups. The median values for the excretion of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and total oestrogens and the mean karyopyknotic and eosinophilic indices for all age groups were very constant though there was considerable individual variation. It was also shown that the median values for all subjects were practically identical with those of 57 ovariectomized women reported in a previous study. It is concluded that in the majority of post-menopausal women with atrophic endometrium the ovarian contribution to the production of oestrogens is insignificant. It can also be concluded that with increasing age the normal liver does not significantly change the metabolism of oestrogens in post-menopausal women, as judged by the excretion of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol, and the oestrogenic effect on the vaginal smear.

scholarly journals Time-to-Boundary Function to Study the Development of Upright Stance Control in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Carmen D'Anna ◽  
Maurizio Schmid ◽  
Andrea Scorza ◽  
Salvatore A. Sciuto ◽  
Luisa Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Boundary Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Upright Stance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Background: The development of postural control across the primary school time horizon is a complex process, which entails biomechanics modifications, the maturation of cognitive ability and sensorimotor organization, and the emergence of anticipatory behaviour. Postural stability in upright stance has been thus object of a multiplicity of studies to better characterize postural control in this age span, with a variety of methodological approaches. The analysis of the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), which specifies the spatiotemporal proximity of the Centre of Pressure (CoP) to the stability boundaries in the regulation of posture in upright stance, is among the techniques used to better characterize postural stability in adults, but, as of now, it has not yet been introduced in developmental studies. The aim of this study was thus to apply this technique to evaluate the development of postural control in a sample population of primary school children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, upright stance trials under eyes open and eyes closed were administered to 107 healthy children, divided into three age groups (41 for Seven Years' Group, Y7; 38 for Nine Years' Group, Y9; 28 for Eleven Years' Group, Y11). CoP data were recorded to calculate the Time-to-Boundary function (TtB), from which four spatio-temporal parameters were extracted: the mean value and the standard deviation of TtB minima (Mmin, Stdmin), and the mean value and the standard deviation of the temporal distance between two successive minima (Mdist, Stddist). Results: With eyes closed, Mmin and Stdmin significantly decreased and Mdist and Stddist increased for the Y7 group, at Y9 Mmin significantly decreased and Stddist increased, while no effect of vision resulted for Y11. Regarding age groups, Mmin was significantly higher for Y9 than Y7, and Stdmin for Y9 was higher than both Y7 and Y11; Mdist and Stddist resulted higher for Y11 than for Y9. Conclusion: From the combined results from the spatio-temporal TtB parameters, it is suggested that, at 9 years, children look more efficient in terms of exploring their limits of stability than at 7, and at 11 the observed TtB behaviour hints at the possibility that, at that age, they have almost completed the maturation of postural control in upright stance, also in terms of integration of the spatio-temporal information.

​Impact of Extreme Hot Environmental Temperature Period on Marker Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Non-descript Sheep from Arid Tracts of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandita Srivastava ◽  
Nalini Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enzymes Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Background: The present investigation was envisaged to find out the impact of extreme hot environmental temperature period (ETP) on marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in male and female non-descript sheep of various age groups i.e. 4 to 13 months from arid tracts of Rajasthan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were considered for study. Methods: During the period October 2016-June 2017 blood samples were collected to harvest sera for spectrophotometric method from 240 healthy animals selected from private slaughter house during moderate and extreme hot environmental temperature periods (ETPs). The mean values of markers attained during moderate ETP were reckoned as the control. It was 10.00 ± 0.10 UL-1 and 42.00±1.00 respectively. Conclusion: The mean value of MDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher while G-6-PDH significantly (p≤0.05) lowers during extreme hot temperature in comparison to moderate period. Therefore, it could be concluded that variations in enzyme markers were associated with changes in environmental temperatures. Probably ETP were able to produce a profound effect on carbohydrate metabolism in sheep. Therfore it can be suggested that during the period of extreme temperature balanced ration must be provided to the animal along with proper management to decrease the severity of temperature impact.

scholarly journals Consumers' willingness to pay for ethical attributes

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Mai
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Additional Value

Purpose – In recent years, there has been a big increase in the use of ethical attributes as marketing appeals. The purpose of this paper is to examine consumers’ willingness to pay for three selected ethical attributes, namely “Organic”, “Recyclable Packaging” and “Fairtrade” in monetary terms. Design/methodology/approach – A modified choice-based experimental design with manipulation of the key constructs was used to estimate the mean value of how much consumers are willing to pay for the selected attributes attached to a box of premium chocolates. The results are based on the responses of a total of 208 consumers. Findings – Of the three attributes, “Recyclable Packaging” has the strongest influence on the purchase decision, although this attribute generates the least additional value. The aggregated result shows that although consumers are willing to pay more for the product with ethical attributes than the one that is without, still around a half of them are not willing to pay more. In terms of demographics, the results show no significant differences between the two genders or different age groups in their willingness to pay for ethical attributes. As might be expected, willingness to pay was correlated with the level of consciousness of the ethical attributes. Originality/value – The findings of this study help management to think practically about the value consumers willing to pay for the selected attributes. The results show a significant synergy in a combination of ethical attributes in products.

scholarly journals Assessment of the TMJ Dysfunction Using the Computerized Facebow Analysis of Selected Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kijak ◽  
Danuta Lietz-Kijak ◽  
Bogumiła Frączak ◽  
Zbigniew Śliwiński ◽  
Jerzy Margielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Function Test ◽  
The Mean

The Purpose of the Paper.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected parameters of mandible movements, electronically registered in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and healthy ones.Material. Function test of the mandible movements was conducted in 175 patients. Gender distribution was 143 women and 32 men, aged 9 to 84.Methods. The studied population, after accurate clinical examination, was divided into age groups with the range of five years. All the patients had Zebris JMA computerized facebow examination done, according to the generally accepted principles and procedures.Results.Mean values of mouth opening calculated to 45.6 mm in healthy group and 37.6 mm in TMJ dysfunction group. Mean length of condylar path amounted to39±7% of the maximum value of mouth opening in the group of healthy people,44±11% in the case of muscle-based disorders, and35±11% with joint-based. The mean value of the condylar path inclination oscillated in the range of 25° to 45°.Conclusions. The ratio of length of the condylar path to the size of mouth opening may be a significant value characterising the type and degree of intensification of the TMJ dysfunctions.

Prostaglandin F2α metabolite and F2-isoprostane excretion rates in migraine

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna HELMERSSON ◽  
Peter MATTSSON ◽  
Samar BASU
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The pathophysiology theory of migraine postulates a local, neurogenic inflammation and the possible involvement of oxidative stress. We analysed the levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F2α (a metabolite of prostaglandin F2α) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (a major isoprostane), which are biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress respectively, in urine from 21 patients with migraine, with and without aura. Urine samples from migraine patients were collected during a migraine attack, and control samples were collected from the same subjects on a migraine-free morning. The mean basal levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F2α and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in the morning control urine samples were 0.54±0.11 and 0.31±0.13nmol/mmol of creatinine respectively. The mean levels of 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F2α and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in the urine samples collected during the migraine attack in the 21 patients were 0.53±0.13 and 0.32±0.11nmol/mmol of creatinine respectively. Thus there were no differences in the 15-oxo-dihydro-prostaglandin F2α and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α excretion rates during the migraine attack compared with on the migraine-free day. However, the basal 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α excretion levels on the migraine-free day were significantly lower in pre-menopausal women (0.24±0.08nmol/mmol of creatinine, n = 11) compared with post-menopausal women (0.39±0.14nmol/mmol of creatinine; n = 7; P = 0.009). In conclusion, in this study we found no support for the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in migraine pathophysiology. Our results indicate, however, a lower level of oxidative stress in pre-menopausal compared with post-menopausal women.

scholarly journals Impact of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on systemic inflammation biomarkers and quality of Life among obese post-menopausal women

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2881-2891
Author(s):  
Shehab M Abd El-Kader ◽  
Osama H Al-Jiffri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Although post-menopausal obesity is an important public national health problem in Saudi Arabia, to date no study has evaluated the effects of weight reduction on biochemical & clinical parameters and quality of Life for obese Saudi post-menopausal women. Objective: The aim of this study was examine the effects of aerobic versus resisted exercise training effects upon systemic inflammation biomarkers and quality of life for obese post-menopausal Saudi women. Material and Methods: One hundred Saudi post-menopausal obese women participated in this study, their age ranged from 50-58 years and their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 30-35 kg/m2. All participants were divided into two equal groups: The first group received aerobic exercise training on treadmill where, the second group received resisted exercise training. Health-related quality of life (SF-36 HRQL), tumor necrosis factor– alpha(TNF-α), Interleukin-2(IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after 3 months at the end of the study. Results: The mean values of SF-36 HRQL subscale scores were significantly increased, while the mean value of TNF-α, Il-2, IL-4, IL-6,CRP and BMI were significantly decreased in both groups after treatments. There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment with more changes in patients received aerobic exercise training. Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that aerobic exercise is more appropriate than resisted exercise training in modulating inflammatory cytokines and quality of life among obese post-menopausal women.Keywords: Aerobic exercise; resisted exercises; inflammatory cytokine; quality of life; obesity; menopause.

Depressive symptoms and bone mineral density in menopause and postmenopausal women: A still increasing and neglected problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S119
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

ObjectiveThe objective of current study was to investigate whether associaction exist between depression and low BMD during menopausal and post-menopausal period.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study and 1650 women aged 45–65 years were included during 1182 women agreed to participate (71.6%). Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical biochemistry variables including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were collected. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered for depression purposes.ResultsA total of 1182 women agreed to participate and responded to the study. The mean age and SD of the menopausal age were 48.71 ± 2.96 with depressed and 50.20 ± 3.22 without depressed (P < 0.001). Also, the mean and SD of postmenopausal age were 58.55 ± 3.27 depressed and 57.78 ± 3.20 without depressed (P < 0.001). There were statistically significance differences between menopausal stages with regards to number of parity, and place of living. There were statistically significance differences between menopausal stages with regards to BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and sheesha smoking habits. Overall, osteopenia and osteoporosis and bone loss were significantly lower in post-menopausal women than in menopausal women (P < 0.001). Similarly, T-score and z-score were lower with depressed menopause and postmenopausal women (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the depression, the mean serum vitamin D deficiency, calcium level deficiency, less physical activity, co-morbidity, number of parity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and sheesha smoking habits were considered as the main risk factors associated with bone mineral loss after adjusting for age, BMI and other variables.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Fermentation of calcium-fortified soya milk does not appear to enhance acute calcium absorption in osteopenic post-menopausal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lise Tang Fook Cheung ◽  
Gisela Wilcox ◽  
Karen Z. Walker ◽  
Nagendra P. Shah ◽  
Boyd Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Ageing women may choose to drink soya milk to reduce menopausal symptoms. As fermentation enriches soya milk with isoflavone aglycones, its beneficial qualities may improve. To reduce osteoporotic risk, however, soya milk must be Ca enriched, and it is not known how fermentation affects Ca bioavailability. A randomised crossover pilot study was undertaken to compare the Ca absorption of fortified soya milk with that of fermented and fortified soya milk in twelve Australian osteopenic post-menopausal women. The fortified soya milk was inoculated with Lactobacillus acidophilus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 4962 and fermented for 24 h at 37°C. Ca absorption from soya milk samples was measured using a single isotope radiocalcium method. Participants had a mean age of 54·8 (sd 12·3) years, with mean BMI of 26·5 (sd 5·5) kg/m2 and subnormal to normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (mean 62·5 (sd 19·1) nmol/l). Participants consumed 185 kBq of 45Ca in 44 mg of Ca carrier. The mean fractional Ca absorption (α) from soya milk and fermented soya milk was 0·64 (sd 0·23) and 0·71 (sd 0·29), respectively, a difference not of statistical significance (P = 0·122). Although fermentation of soya milk may provide other health benefits, fermentation had little effect on acute Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Results of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma at the National Cancer Center Hospital

HPB Surgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Yamasaki ◽  
Masatoshi Makuuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Operative Blood Loss ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Center Hospital ◽  
The Mean

The number of hepatectomies has increased greatly in recent years. Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the normal liver has not increased. However, the increase in numbers of hepatectomies for HCC associated with liver cirrhosis is remarkable. More than 80% of our hepatectomy cases were cirrhotic and about 80% of these cirrhotic cases had HCCs 5cm or less in diameter. The operative mortality rate has improved in the latter half of this series, from 10.1% (9/89) to 1.5% (5/338), in spite of an increase in cases with poor liver function. This corresponds to a decrease in the mean value of the annual operative blood loss. The survival rates after hepatectomy for all cases (n = 378) were 40.6% ± 6.6 (% ± SE) for 5 year and 22.7% ± 5.3 for 10 year at the end of 1988. A difference of the 5-year survival rate between the patients operated on before 1981 (n = 78, 25.6% ± 4.9) and after 1982 (n = 300, 46.1% ± 4.8) was observed (p<0.05). Because the cancer-free survival rates of the patients operated on in the two periods, before 1981 and after 1982, were almost the same, the recent improvement of the survival rates seems to be due to a prolongation of survival time after recurrence.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of dry eyes among menopausal women attending a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, Telangana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Gokul Vinod Kumar ◽  
Asma . ◽  
Gokul Praneetha ◽  
Apoorva Pandharpurkar ◽  
Bhavan Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Dry eye syndrome arises due to chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. Symptoms of dry eye syndrome includes burning sensation, itchy eyes, blurred vision, and fatigued eyes, redness of eyes, gritty and dry eye sensation / foreign body sensation. Studies reveal that post-menopausal women are at greater risk of developing dry eyes than men of same age. Aims and objectives were to determine the prevalence of dry eye syndrome among post-menopausal women at tertiary care center, Hyderabad and to assess the socio-demographic factors related to dry eye syndrome among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March to June 2017 among post-menopausal women attending Gandhi Hospital, in Hyderabad, Telangana. A convenient sample of 200 post-menopausal women was taken. Schirmer’s test was used to determine presence of dry eyes.Results: The mean age of study population was found to be 51.66±5.8 years. The mean age of onset of menopause in study subjects was 45.63±1.8 years. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was found to be 39.5%. Mild dryness of eyes was most common among study subjects (20.5%). Prevalence of dry eyes increased with age and had significant association.Conclusions:Dry eye syndrome is not a life threatening disease, but causes ocular discomfort and compromises quality of life. If neglected, can even lead to blindness and debility due to complications arising due to dry eye. 

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