Effect of iodide treatment on iodine concentration and volume of endemic non-toxic goitre in childhood

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leisner ◽  
B. Henrich ◽  
D. Knorr ◽  
R. Kantlehner
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thyroxine Therapy ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract. In a total of 195 children and adolescents of both sex (mean age 12.9, range 5–17 years) with endemic non-toxic goitre the thyroidal iodine concentration (IC) was determined using X-ray fluorescent scanning on admission and during iodine (100 μg daily) and l-thyroxine (3 μg/kg body weight daily) treatment respectively. Additionally the thyroid volume was measured sonographically in a longitudinal study including 46 patients before and after 4–8 months of iodine supplementation (100 μg daily). The IC was 305 ± 144 μg/g. It compared well with that of adult goitre patients (288 ± 109 μg/g) and was significantly inferior to the value of normal controls (389 ± 170 μg/g). Under l-thyroxine therapy the IC further decreased (243 ± 144 μg/g), whereas patients receiving iodide showed an increase of the IC (570 ± 197 μg/g). The mean TSH level fell from 2.3 ± 0.9 μU/ml to 1.4 ± 0.6 μU/ml. The average T4/TBG (thyroxine binding globulin) ratio showed a slight increase which, however, was not significant. The mean goitre volume decreased by 40%. It was evidenced that iodide is useful not only in the prophylaxis of non-toxic goitre but also as a more physiologic treatment than thyroid hormones, at least for young subjects with simple diffuse goitres.

Study on Association between Height, Weight, Iodine Supplementation and Thyroid Volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Lanchun Liu ◽  
Lixiang Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Random Pairing ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salt Iodine ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) could reduce population’s thyroid volume (TVOL) in iodine deficiency areas. Conversely, the improved growth and developmental status of children might increase the TVOL accordingly. Whether the decreased TVOL by USI conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and TVOL. Five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys were matched into four pairs according to the purpose of analysis. County-level data of both detected by paired surveys were incorporated, 1: 1 random pairing method was used to match counties or individuals. The difference of TVOL between different height, weight, different iodine supplementation measures groups and the association between TVOL and them were studied. The mean height and weight of children aged 8-10 years increased from 129.9cm and 26.9kg in 2002 to 136.2cm and 32.1kg in 2019; while the median TVOL decreased from 3.10ml to 2.61ml. Iodine supplementation measures can affect TVOL; after exclude iodine effects, the median TVOL was increased with the height and weight. On the other side, after excluding the influence of height and weight, the median TVOL remained decreased. Only age, weight and salt iodine were significant associated with TVOL in multiple linear models. Development of height and weight in children is the evidence of improved nutrition. The decreased TVOL caused by iodized salt measures conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL. Age, weight, and salt iodine affect TVOL significantly.

scholarly journals MWCNTs/ZnO Nanofibers Fabrication, Properties and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Magda Dawy Badry
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Organic Precursor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zno Nanofibers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Electrospun MWCNTs nanofibers (CNF1, CNF2 and CNF3) with different concentrations of MWCNTs (0.3, 1.5, 2 wt%), respectively, were deposited on Aluminum foil substrates.  Also,Zinc AcetatedihydrateZn(CH3COO)2.2H2O (ZNF) and MWCNTs/zinc acetate (CZNF)nanofiberswere deposited on Aluminum foil substratesand annealed in the presence of oxygen at 400 oC. The resultant fibers were characterized using X-ray differaction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrophotometry (SEM,EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). SEM,EDX and FTIR exhibited a total decomposition of the organic precursor after calcination and formation of zinc oxide (ZONF and CZONF). The mean fiber diameter was found to be increased with increasing MWCNTs concentration and ranged 490-767 nm. XRD patterns indicated that ZnO was corundum with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size of ZONF and CZONF were determined by shurrer equation to be26 and  29.7  nm, respectively. The optical analysis indicated that the percentage transmittance increased after calcination.The band gap for the electrospun fibers before and after calcination was calculated. CZONF nanofibers have elec­trical properties similar to those of semiconductors. The testedcompounds CNF2, CNF3, CZNF and CZONF exhibited different activities against the bacteriaand yeast pathogen Candidaalbicans. CZNF compound is the most active against the bacteria and yeast pathogen. So, these compounds can be used as food packaging.  

scholarly journals Imaging in the Evaluation of Endoscopic or Surgical Treatment for Achalasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Diego Palladino ◽  
Andrea Mardighian ◽  
Marilina D’Amora ◽  
Luca Roberto ◽  
Francesco Lassandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Heller Myotomy ◽  
Esophageal Achalasia ◽  
Pneumatic Dilation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Operative Risk ◽  
The Mean

Purpose.Aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic (pneumatic dilation) versus surgical (Heller myotomy) treatment in patients affected by esophageal achalasia using barium X-ray examination of the digestive tract performed before and after the treatment.Materials and Methods.19 patients (10 males and 9 females) were enrolled in this study; each patient underwent a barium X-ray examination to evaluate the esophageal diameter and the height of the barium column before and after endoscopic or surgical treatment.Results.The mean variation of oesophageal diameter before and after treatment is −2.1 mm for surgery and 1.74 mm for pneumatic dilation (OR 0.167, CI 95% 0.02–1.419, andP: 0.10). The variations of all variables, with the exception of the oesophageal diameter variation, are strongly related to the treatment performed.Conclusions.The barium X-ray study of the digestive tract, performed before and after different treatment approaches, demonstrates that the surgical treatment has to be considered as the treatment of choice of achalasia, reserving endoscopic treatment to patients with high operative risk and refusing surgery.

Elimination of Iomeprol in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Iwamoto ◽  
Kinya Hiroshige ◽  
Takeshi Suda ◽  
Takayuki Ohta ◽  
Akira Ohtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peritoneal Permeability ◽  
The Mean

Objective To examine the elimination of iomeprol, its safety in clinical use, and its peritoneal permeability in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with variable degrees of residual renal function (RRF). Design A nonrandomized comparison study. Setting Hospitalized patients in CAPD unit of Chikuho and University Hospitals. Participants Fourteen patients treated by CAPD and 6 by hemodialysis (HD). Interventions Total dialysate, blood, and 24-hour urine collections were obtained for 4 consecutive days after the administration of iomeprol. A peritoneal equilibration test was performed just before and after the administration of iomeprol. Measurements Iomeprol (iodine) concentration was measured. Residual renal function was estimated as the mean of renal creatinine and urea clearances. Dialysate-to-plasma ratios (D/P) of creatinine and iomeprol were also determined. Results In all CAPD patients, plasma iomeprol clearance was markedly slow, with a biological half-life ( T1/2) of over 32 hours. However, no patients suffered from any adverse effects, and over 80% of plasma iomeprol was eliminated during the 4-hour HD. The plasma iomeprol elimination rate was significantly higher from 4 hours after the iomeprol administration in CAPD patients with RRF [mean estimated creatinine clearance (CCr) 3.8 mL/min, n = 7] compared to the remaining patients (mean estimated CCr 0.6 mL/min, n = 7); however, T1/2 in patients with RRF was over 24 hours. D/P creatinine was significantly correlated with D/P iomeprol, and peritoneal iomeprol permeability may depend on an individual's peritoneal solute transport properties. Conclusions A prolonged elimination rate of iomeprol was documented in our CAPD patients both with and without RRF. A HD procedure or intensive peritoneal dialysis just after the use of iomeprol may be advisable to promptly remove circulating iomeprol.

Dry Effect of Cementitious Materials on Testing Results of X-Ray CT

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian De Han ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Gang Hua Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gray Values

In this study three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is used to investigate the testing results differences of cement paste and mortar before and after drying. It can be found that the mean gray values of paste and mortar before drying are bigger than after drying, and the impact of drying on cement paste is more serious than mortar. In addition, the porosity of non-drying cement paste and mortar is 1.10% and 0.43%, while that of drying cement paste and mortar is 1.55% and 0.70%, respectively. So, the porosity of paste and mortar markedly increases after drying process. The numbers of pores of paste and mortar sharply increase after drying process in particular between 0.01mm3 and 0.1mm3. The impact of drying on smaller pores is more serious than bigger pores.

Somatostatin, insulin and glucagon after arginine stimulation in active and treated acromegaly

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Ståle Skare ◽  
Vera Kriz ◽  
Kristian F. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Arginine Infusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Islet Cell Hormones ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract. Ten acromegalic patients, 28–71 years old, were compared with 10 normal controls, 21–39 years old. In another study, 7 patients with active acromegaly, 19–70 years old, were investigated before and 4–9 months following transsphenoidal adenectomy and radiation. They were all investigated following an arginine infusion (0.5 g/kg/20 min). Although the mean plasma somatostatin (somatotrophin release inhibiting factor (SRIF)) was somewhat higher in acromegalic patients compared to normal controls (mean basal values 21 ± 3.8 and 16.6 ± 2.1 pmol/l, respectively), the difference was not significant. The patients had higher serum insulin (peak values 118 ± 23.9 and 63 ± 11.8 mU/1, respectively) and lower plasma glucagon (peak values 171 ± 29.0 and 310 ± 52.7 pmol/l, respectively). Plasma SRIF increased during arginine infusion, but the concentrations were similar before and following the operation (mean basal values 18.2 ± 2.6 and 15.2 ± 2.3 pmol/l, respectively). Serum insulin was significantly higher before the operation (peak values 154 ± 38.8 and 91 ± 24.9 mU/1, respectively). Plasma glucagon was similar before and after the operation (peak values 143 ± 23.4 and 127 ± 22.7 pmol/l, respectively). Plasma SRIF is similar in active acromegaly and normal controls, and in acromegaly before and following treatment, despite differences in serum growth hormone (GH), serum insulin and plasma glucagon. This points towards a modulating role for GH on plasma SRIF, possibly by affecting the other islet cell hormones.

scholarly journals Iodine status of 8 to 10 years old children within 20 years following compulsory salt iodization policy in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyuan Wang ◽  
Jiajie Zang ◽  
Zhehuan Shi ◽  
Zhenni Zhu ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background In 1996, Shanghai implemented universal salt iodization and has became the last provincial unit in China to carry out this intervention. In this study, we summarized achievements in past 20 years, to provide suggestions and evidence for the next stage of iodine supplementation. Methods This study summarized and analyzed monitoring data of children from 1997, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2014, and 2017 in Shanghai. In each monitoring year, 30 streets or towns were selected using the probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique. One primary school was selected from each street or town by a simple random sampling technique. From each school, 40 children aged 8 to 10 years were randomly selected. The number of children was divided equally by sex and age. Results In 1997, 1999, 2005, 2011, 2014, and 2017, median urinary iodine (MUI) was 227.5 μg/L, 214.3 μg/L, 198.1 μg/L, 181.6 μg/L, 171.4 μg/L, and 183.0 μg/L, goiter rate was 3.07, 0.40, 0.08, 0.08, 0.86, and 1.90%, and median thyroid volume (MTvol) was 2.9 mL, 1.2 mL, 2.4 mL, 1.0 mL, 1.8 mL, and 2.8 mL, respectively. There was a linear correlation between goiter rate and median thyroid volume (MTvol) (r = 0.95, P = 0.014). Household salt iodine concentration (SIC) was dropping every monitoring (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference among different household SIC groups in MUI in 1999 and 2017, and in MTvol in 1999 (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the other years. Conclusions In Shanghai, the iodine status of 8 to 10 years old children is adequate. Household SIC have little effect on iodine status of children. Future studies should analyze the dietary sources of iodine, especially from pre-packaged and prepared-away-from-home foods or meals. The regular monitoring of iodine status is important to human health.

LUNATE MORPHOLOGY OF KIENBÖCK'S DISEASE ON X-RAY STUDY

Hand Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kato ◽  
R. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Kienböck’S Disease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kienböck's Disease ◽  
Type D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Kienbock’S Disease

To investigate whether the lunate morphology proposed by Watson predisposes to Kienböck's disease, we investigated 23 patients with Kienböck's disease and 24 normal controls. Lateral X-ray films showed 17 of type D (dorsally lower height) lunate; 2 of type P (palmary lower height); and 1 of type N (equal palmar height to dorsal). In the control group, there were 21 of type D; 2 of type P; and 1 of type N, among 24 patients. The mean wedge ratio was 1.17 (1.08–1.35) in type D of the Kienböck group, and 1.11 (1.03–1.41) in type D of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and palmar and dorsal lunate morphology is not believed to predispose to Kienböck's disease.

scholarly journals Statistically Coherent Calibration of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Major Elements in Rocks and Minerals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra P. Verma ◽  
Sanjeet K. Verma ◽  
M. Abdelaly Rivera-Gómez ◽  
Darío Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Lorena Díaz-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

We applied both the ordinary linear regression (OLR) and the new uncertainty weighted linear regression (UWLR) models for the calibration and comparison of a XRF machine through 59 geochemical reference materials (GRMs) and a procedure blank sample. The mean concentration and uncertainty data for the GRMs used for the calibrations (Supplementary Materials) (available here) filewere achieved from an up-to-date compilation of chemical data and their processing from well-known discordancy and significance tests. The drift-corrected XRF intensity and its uncertainty were determined from mostly duplicate pressed powder pellets. The comparison of the OLR (linear correlation coefficient r∼0.9523–0.9964 and 0.9771–0.9999, respectively, for before and after matrix correction) and UWLR models (r∼0.9772–0.9976 and 0.9970–0.9999, respectively) clearly showed that the latter with generally higher values of r is preferable for routine calibrations of analytical procedures. Both calibrations were successfully applied to rock matrices, and the results were generally consistent with those obtained in other laboratories although the UWLR model showed mostly narrower confidence limits of the mean (slope and intercept) or lower uncertainties than the OLR. Similar sensitivity (∼2.69–46.17 kc·s−1·%−1 for the OLR and ∼2.78–59.69 kc·s−1·%−1 for the UWLR) also indicated that the UWLR could advantageously replace the OLR model. Another novel aspect is that the total uncertainty can be reported for individual chemical data. If the analytical instruments were routinely calibrated from the UWLR model, this action would make the science of geochemistry more quantitative than at present.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Meibomian Gland Openings by Optical Coherence Tomography in Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Normal Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3181
Author(s):  
Xinhan Cui ◽  
Qingfan Wu ◽  
Zimeng Zhai ◽  
Yujing Yang ◽  
Anji Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore imaging the meibomian gland openings and to identify their in vivo characteristics in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and healthy participants. Methods: We enrolled 49 patients with MGD and 54 health controls in this case-control study. Each participant underwent slit-lamp examination, meibography, and OCT scanning. Sixteen patients with MGD underwent a repeat OCT examination after eyelid massage. The outcome measures included determinations of meibomian gland openings (orifices and terminal ducts) from OCT images and comparisons of the meibomian openings between patients with MGD and normal controls before and after meibomian gland massage. Results: Using the same OCT scanning model, the number of visible orifices of the meibomian glands was similar between eyes with MGD and normal eyes (9.2 ± 2.3 vs. 9.7 ± 2.4). The mean diameter of the terminal ducts in patients with MGD was larger (120.22 ± 27.92 µm vs. 100.96 ± 20.30 µm) than in the normal controls, and had a larger coefficient of variation. Significant differences were observed in the mean diameter of the terminal ducts of patients with MGD before and after meibum gland massage (133.73 ± 27.81 μm vs. 102.26 ± 24.30 μm, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with MGD have more diversified orifices and larger meibomian gland terminal duct diameters than normal subjects. In addition, meibomian gland terminal duct diameters seem to decrease in patients with MGD after meibum gland massage.

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