Seasonality of month of birth of patients with Graves’ and Hashimoto’s diseases differ from that in the general population

Objective: We aimed to test the viral hypothesis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Design: We determined the pattern of month of birth (MOB) distribution in patients with AITD and in the general population and searched for differences between them. Methods: A total of 1023 patients were included in this study; 359 patients had Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GrH) and 664 had Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism (HH). We divided the patients with HH into three subgroups according to their thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody titers at diagnosis: low levels (<500 IU/ml), high levels (500–1000 IU/ml), and extremely high levels (>1000 IU/ml). We used cosinor analysis to analyze the data. Results: Overall, patients with GrH and HH had a different pattern of MOB distribution when compared with the general population and between groups. Furthermore, among both patients with GrH and HH, both genders had a different pattern of MOB distribution when compared with the general population and this pattern was also different between genders. Finally, only women with extremely high titers of TPO antibodies at diagnosis and men with low or extremely high TPO antibody levels showed rhythmicity in MOB, with a pattern of MOB distribution different from that in controls. Conclusions: The different MOB seasonality in both GrH and HH points towards a similar maybe even common etiology with type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, namely a seasonal viral infection as the initial trigger in the perinatal period, the clinical disease resulting from further specific damage over time.

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Prevalence and Induction of Circulating Antibodies against Recombinant Staphylokinase

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1642396 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (01) ◽

pp. 129-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

P J Declerck ◽

S Vanderschueren ◽

J Billiet ◽

H Moreau ◽

D Collen

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Administration ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽

Alternative Agent ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Circulating Antibodies ◽

Low Levels ◽

Antibody Levels

SummaryStreptokinase (SK) is a routinely used thrombolytic agent but it is immunogenic and allergenic; staphylokinase (STA) is a potential alternative agent which is under early clinical evaluation. The comparative prevalence of antibodies against recombinant STA (STAR) and against SK was studied in healthy subjects and their induction with intravenous administration in small groups of patients.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using microtiter plates coated with STAR or SK and calibration with affinospecific human antibodies, revealed 2.1 to 65 μg/ml (median 11 μg/ml) anti-STAR antibodies and 0.9 to 370 μg/ml (median 18 μg/ml) anti-SK antibodies (p <0.001 vs anti-STAR antibodies) in plasma from 100 blood donors, with corresponding values of 0.6 to 100 μg/ml (median 7.1 μg/ml) and 0.4 to 120 μg/ml (median 7.3 μg/ml), respectively, in 104 patients with angina pectoris. Three out of 17 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia had significantly increased anti-STAR antibody levels (150, 75 and 75 μg/ml), and STAR neutralizing activities (2.2, 3.6 and 4.1 μg STAR neutralized per ml plasma, respectively). In 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction, given 10 mg STAR intravenously over 30 min, median anti-STAR antibody levels were 3.5 μg/ml at baseline, 2.9 μg/ml at 6 to 8 days and 1.2 μg/ml at 2 to 9 weeks, with median corresponding titers of STAR neutralizing activity at 2 to 9 weeks of 42 μg/ml plasma. Conversely, in 5 patients treated with 1,500,000 units SK over 60 min, median anti-SK antibodies increased from 2.9 μg/ml at baseline to 360 μg/ml at 5 to 10 days, with corresponding median SK neutralizing activities of 13 μg/ml. Antibodies against STAR did not cross-react with SK and vice versa.Plasma from human subjects contains low levels of circulating antibodies against recombinant staphylokinase, and intravenous administration of this compound boosts antibody titers. These antibodies do however not cross-react with streptokinase, whereby the use of these two immunogenic thrombolytic agents would not be mutually exclusive.

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POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y54-013 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

W. Wood ◽

Eina M. Clark ◽

F. T. Shimada ◽

A. J. Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Baffin Island ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Poliomyelitis Virus ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

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POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o54-013 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

W. Wood ◽

Eina M. Clark ◽

F. T. Shimada ◽

A. J. Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Baffin Island ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Poliomyelitis Virus ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Type 3

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Restricted thyroglobulin antibody epitope specificities in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0413 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (3) ◽

pp. 489-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O E Okosieme ◽

C N Wijeyaratne ◽

J H Lazarus ◽

L D K E Premawardhana

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Healthy Control ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Design And Methods

ObjectivesFollowing iodisation in Sri Lanka we observed a high prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. The clinical significance of these TgAbs is uncertain. We sought to obtain a detailed epitope analysis of TgAbs in T1DM patients recruited from diabetes clinics and to compare these with TgAb epitope specificities in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and healthy individuals in that country.Design and methodsWe used a panel of 10 Tg-MAbs in competitive ELISA reactions in a prospective study of subjects recruited from Colombo, to determine the epitopes recognised by TgAb-positive patients with T1DM (n=58, 34F:24M, median age 16 years), AITD patients (n=42, 33F:9M, median age 37 years) and healthy subjects (n=50, 39F:11M, median age 27 years). The outcomes were a comparison of reactivity with six Tg clusters (I–VI) in these subjects, and the relation of epitope specificity patterns with free thyroxine and TSH.ResultsPatients with T1DM and AITD but not healthy control subjects preferentially recognised the immunodominant clusters, I, III and IV. Patients with these narrow epitope specificities had higher median TSH levels (1.60 vs 1.06;P=0.01), and were more frequently positive for antibodies to thyroid peroxidase than those with broad specificities (52.3 vs 7.1%;P=0.004).ConclusionsThe TgAb epitope specificities in euthyroid Sri Lankans with T1DM are similar to AITD patients. TgAb epitope studies may potentially identify T1DM patients at risk of thyroid dysfunction.

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Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, but are weakly associated with thyroid function

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1027-1030

Author(s):

Liisa Saare ◽

Aleksandr Peet ◽

Vallo Tillmann

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽

Hla Dq

AbstractObjectivesThe need for screening for autoimmune thyroid disease in children who have HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), but have not yet been diagnosed with T1D, has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and its effect on thyroid function in children with genetic susceptibility to T1D as well as to describe the association between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotypes.MethodsCross-sectional study in 223 children (112 boys) aged 7.4–10.5 years with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D. TPOAb were measured in all children; thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid function in TPOAb positive subjects.ResultsGirls had a significantly higher median TPOAb concentration than boys (12 vs 11 kU/L; p=0.001). Positive TPOAb occurred in 13.9% and positive TGAb in 4% of subjects. Only two children had mild changes in thyroid function. There was no association between HLA risk groups and the prevalence of TPOAb.ConclusionsTPOAb are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D, yet are weakly associated with thyroid function, suggesting limited value of thyroid screening in this cohort.

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A prospective study of thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in young patients with type 1 diabetes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1480245 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

D Hansen ◽

FN Bennedbaek ◽

M Hoier-Madsen ◽

L Hegedus ◽

BB Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Young Patients ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

High Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoantibodies (TA) and thyroid ultrasonography are widely used in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). However, we know little of the significance of having ultrasonographic abnormalities (USabn) without having any other signs of AITD. In a previous population-based study of 105 young patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) we found a high prevalence (42%) of USabn. In the present study we evaluate the development of both USabn and TA in a 3-Year follow-up of this cohort. DESIGN: Of the 105 previously investigated children and adolescents with T1DM (aged 5-21 Years), 101 were re-examined. Serum concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tgab), as well as thyroid size and morphology were determined in all patients. RESULTS: During the 3 Years follow-up period, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction increased from 5 to 8%, the prevalence of TPOab was unchanged at 13%, while the prevalence of Tgab decreased from 14 to 7%. The prevalence of USabn increased from 42 to 49%. Most patients presented USabn at both examinations. Patients with USabn had a higher prevalence of TA than those without USabn (P=0.038) and higher serum levels of TSH (P=0.027). All patients with thyroid dysfunction presented with USabn. However, many patients with USabn had no other signs of AITD. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, TA and thyroid USabn were found in young patients with T1DM. Thyroid USabn was a sensitive but non-specific marker of AITD and is therefore unsuitable for screening purposes. Instead, we recommend regular screening using serum TSH in the follow-up of young diabetic patients.

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Antibodies specific to infectious bronchitis in broilers in Ceará state, Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352006000300007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.M. Cardoso ◽

L.P. Gomes ◽

J.M. Romão ◽

R.P.R. Salles ◽

R.S.C. Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Primary Vaccination ◽

Maternal Antibodies ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Low Levels ◽

Different Response ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Vaccinal Response

The experiment was carried out to determine the antibody levels to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in 1120 broilers of two broiler flocks, both from the same parental flock and free from previous vaccination. Forty chicks of each line were alloted to the control group and the sera were tested by indirect ELISA. The vaccination program consisted on the administration of commercial vaccines against IBV at 10 and 25 days of age. Chicks with low levels of maternal antibodies (Mab) did not show significant titers to the first vaccinal stimulus. They presented a vaccinal response to the second vaccinal stimulus reaching the top around GMT 1100 at 45 days. Chicks with high Mab titers did not show significant titers to the primary and secondary vaccinal stimuli, reaching peak levels of GMT 500 at 45 days. No antibody response was detected after the primary vaccination at day 10. A delayed antibody response was detected after the secondary vaccination on day 25, indicating no previous priming. The maternal antibody titers can interfere on the response to the first and second vaccinal stimulus promoting the neutralization of the first vaccination and a different response to the second one, according to high or low maternal antibodies.

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Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in vitiligo patients

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20170803 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jishna P. ◽

M. P. Binitha ◽

Abdul Latheef E. N. ◽

V. P. Anilakumari

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽

Antibody Positivity ◽

Antibody Levels

Background: Vitiligo is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with vitiligo, and to compare the clinical profile of anti-thyroid peroxidase positive and anti-thyroid peroxidase negative patients.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 controls. After dermatologic and systemic evaluation, serum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured in all the subjects.Results: Thyroid dysfunction was more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone abnormalities were more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls (6%). The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was higher in the vitiligo group (36%) when compared to the controls (24%), and the most common type of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris (18%) in this group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity were more common in women (58%) when compared to men (42%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in the vitiligo group (20%) compared to the controls (6%). Conclusions: This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid dysfunction, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and other autoimmune diseases. We recommend that thyroid evaluation and regular follow-up should be done in patients with vitiligo for prompt detection of thyroid dysfunction.

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers Increase during Latency in Rabbits Latently Infected with Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT)-Positive but Not LAT-Negative Viruses

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.11.9669-9672.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 9669-9672 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Guey-Chuen Perng ◽

Susan M. Slanina ◽

Ada Yukht ◽

Homayon Ghiasi ◽

Anthony B. Nesburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Wild Type Virus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Latently Infected ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Spontaneous Reactivation ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for efficient spontaneous reactivation in the rabbit ocular model of HSV-1 latency and reactivation. LAT is also the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency. Rabbits were ocularly infected with the wild-type HSV-1 strain McKrae or the McKrae-derived LAT null mutantdLAT2903. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined at various times during acute and latent infection. The neutralizing antibody titers induced by both viruses increased and were similar throughout the first 45 days after infection (P > 0.05). However, by day 59 postinfection (approximately 31 to 45 days after latency had been established), the neutralizing antibody titers induced by wild-type virus anddLAT2903 diverged significantly (P = 0.0005). The dLAT2903-induced neutralizing antibody titers decreased, while the wild-type virus-induced neutralizing antibody titers continued to increase. A rescuant of dLAT2903, in which spontaneous reactivation was fully restored, induced wild-type neutralizing antibody levels on day 59 postinfection. A second LAT mutant with impaired spontaneous reactivation had neutralizing antibody levels comparable to those of dLAT2903. In contrast to the results obtained in rabbits, in mice, neutralizing antibody titers did not increase over time during latency with any of the viruses. Since LAT is expressed in both rabbits and mice during latency, the difference in neutralizing antibody titers between these animals is unlikely to be due to expression of a LAT protein during latency. In contrast, LAT-positive (LAT+), but not LAT-negative (LAT−), viruses undergo efficient spontaneous reactivation in rabbits, while neither LAT+ nor LAT−viruses undergo efficient spontaneous reactivation in mice. Thus, the increase in neutralizing antibody titers in rabbits latently infected with LAT+ viruses may have been due to continued restimulation of the immune system by spontaneously reactivating virus.

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Status of thyroid autoantibodies among Nigerian vitiligo patients

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20180791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Collins Amadi ◽

Ehimen P. Odum

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽

Chi Square ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽

The Status ◽

The University

Background: The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies among vitiligo patients is higher than the general population. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate the status of thyroid autoantibodies in Nigerian patients with vitiligo.Methods: A retrospective study of thyroid autoantibody test parameters of vitiligo patients who visited the Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 was undertaken to evaluate the status of thyroid autoantibody. Data collected irrespective of vitiligo variant were age, sex, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) titers and thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) titers. The analysis was done using Shapiro-Wilk, descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact, two-sample t-test. The level of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were a total of 102 subjects with 40 (39.2%) males and 62 (60.8%) females. Subjects’ age ranged from 4–61 with a median value of 23 years. The mean serum TSH, anti-TPO and anti-Tg were 2.6 IU/ml, 64.6 IU/ml, and 55.2 IU/ml respectively. Positive thyroid autoantibodies titers was documented in 35 (34.3%; <0.001) subjects. Anti-TPO and anti-Tg positive titers were detected in 34 (33.3%) and 19 (18.6%) subjects respectively, while autoimmune thyroid disease was observed in 20 (19.6%) of the vitiligo subjects.Conclusions: Thyroid autoantibodies are more prevalent among vitiligo patients than the general population. Regular screening for these thyroid autoantibodies should be made compulsory in the management of patients with vitiligo.

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