scholarly journals Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freja B Kampmann ◽  
Anne Cathrine B Thuesen ◽  
Line Hjort ◽  
Anne A Bjerregaard ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fetal Exposure ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
The Impact

Objective Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposure to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposity and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence. Design and methods The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9–16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays. Results GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22–55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: −1.2, −0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: −47%, −12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concentrations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage. Conclusions GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.

Association study of candidate genes with obesity and metabolic traits in antipsychotic-treated patients with first-episode psychosis over a 2-year period

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gassó ◽  
Joan Albert Arnaiz ◽  
Sergi Mas ◽  
Amalia Lafuente ◽  
Miquel Bioque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) often display different metabolic disturbances even independently of drug therapy. However, antipsychotic (AP) treatment, especially with second-generation APs, is strongly linked to weight gain, which increases patients’ risk of developing obesity and other metabolic diseases. There is an important genetic risk component that can contribute to the appearance of these disturbances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms in selected candidate genes on obesity and other anthropometric and metabolic traits in 320 AP-treated FEP patients over the course of a 2-year follow-up. Methods: These patients were recruited in the multicentre PEPs study (Phenotype−genotype and environmental interaction; Application of a predictive model in first psychotic episodes). A total of 127 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes were included in the genetic analysis. Results: After Bonferroni correction, SNPs in ADRA2A, FTO, CNR1, DRD2, DRD3, LEPR and BDNF were associated with obesity, abdominal circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and/or percentage of glycated haemoglobin. Conclusions: Although our results should be interpreted as exploratory, they support previous evidence of the impact of these candidate genes on obesity and metabolic status. Further research is required to gain a better knowledge of the genetic variants that can be considered relevant metabolic risk factors. The ability to identify FEP patients at higher risk for these metabolic disturbances would enable clinicians to better select and control their AP treatment.

scholarly journals Macronutrient intake during pregnancy in women with a history of obesity or gestational diabetes and offspring adiposity at 5 years of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Meinilä ◽  
Miira M. Klemetti ◽  
Emilia Huvinen ◽  
Elina Engberg ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offspring Adiposity

Abstract Background/objectives The impact of maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy on offspring childhood adiposity is unclear. We assessed the associations between maternal macronutrient intake during and after pregnancy with offspring adiposity at 5 years of age. Additionally, we investigated whether gestational diabetes (GDM), BMI, or breastfeeding modified these associations. Subjects/methods Altogether, 301 mother–child dyads with maternal prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 and/or previous GDM participated in the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) and its 5 years follow-up. Macronutrient intakes (E%) were calculated from 3-day food records collected at 5–18 weeks’ gestation, in the third trimester, and at 12 months and 5 years after pregnancy. Offspring body fat mass (BFM) and fat percentage (BF%) at 5 years were measured by bioimpedance. Statistical analyses were multivariate linear regression. Results Mean (SD) prepregnancy BMI was 33(4) kg/m2. GDM was diagnosed in 47%. In normoglycemic women, higher first half of pregnancy n-3 PUFA intake was associated with lower offspring BFM (g) (ß −0.90; 95% CI −1.62, −0.18) and BF% (ß −3.45; 95% CI −6.17, −0.72). In women with GDM, higher first half of pregnancy n-3 PUFA intake was associated with higher offspring BFM (ß 0.94; 95% CI 0.14, 1.75) and BF% (ß 3.21; 95% CI 0.43, 5.99). Higher SFA intake in the third trimester and cumulative intake across pregnancy (mean of the first half and late pregnancy) was associated with higher BFM and BF% (across pregnancy: ß 0.12; 95% CI 0.03, 0.20 and ß 0.44; 95% CI 0.15, 0.73, respectively). Higher carbohydrate intake across pregnancy was associated with lower BFM (ß −0.044; 95% CI −0.086, −0.003), and borderline associated with BF% (ß −0.15; 95% CI −0.31, 0.00). Conclusions The macronutrient composition of maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring BFM and BF% at 5 years. GDM modifies the association between prenatal n-3 PUFA intake and offspring anthropometrics.

scholarly journals Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11578
Author(s):  
Monika Ruszała ◽  
Magdalena Niebrzydowska ◽  
Aleksandra Pilszyk ◽  
Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar ◽  
Marcin Trojnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Clear Cut

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. It may also affect the later stages of child development and subsequent complications in the mother. Therefore, the crux of the matter is to find a biopredictor capable of singling out women at risk of developing GDM as early as the very start of pregnancy. Apart from the well-known molecules with a proven and clear-cut role in the pathogenesis of GDM, e.g., adiponectin and leptin, a potential role of newer biomolecules is also emphasized. Less popular and less known factors with different mechanisms of action include: galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The aim of this review is to present the potential and significance of these 13 less known biomolecules in the pathogenesis of GDM. It seems that high levels of FABP4, low levels of irisin, and high levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of pregnant women can be used as predictive markers in the diagnosis of GDM. Hopefully, future clinical trials will be able to determine which biomolecules have the most potential to predict GDM.

Abstract 19506: Relevance of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Cardio-metabolic Diseases

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Ashif Rashid ◽  
Phillipe Frossard ◽  
John Danesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
A Genome

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an adipokine produced predominantly in the liver and is a metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating FGF-21 levels have been shown to be independently associated with a host of cardio-metabolic traits, including: BMI and adiposity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cholesterol and triglycerides, and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Despite these epidemiological observations, causal relationships between FGF-21 and cardio-metabolic outcomes remain uncertain. Objectives: To identify the cross-sectional correlates of FGF-21 levels and to explore the causal relationship between FGF-21 and cardio-metabolic traits using a Mendelian randomization based approach. Methods & Results: FGF-21 levels were measured by ELISA in 9,572 participants from the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS), a multi-ethnic case-control study aimed at identifying genetic and non-genetic determinants of cardio-metabolic diseases. Log serum FGF-21 levels were weekly but significantly correlated with measures of obesity (BMI r=0.1, p < 0.0001) and serum lipids (total cholesterol r=0.08, p < 0.0001; LDL-C r=0.06, p < 0.0001; log triglycerides r=0.15, p < 0.0001); there was, however, no significant association with biochemical indicators of glycemic control. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted to identify genetic determinants of FGF-21 levels; genetic variants were further assessed for specific associations with FGF21 levels in order to to identify instruments suitable for Mendelian Randomization studies. Variants that specifically increased FGF21 levels were not found to be associated with either Type-2 diabetes (80,000 cases and 230,000 controls) or coronary heart disease (63,746 cases and 130,681 controls). Conclusions: Although FGF-21 is weekly correlated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors; however its relationship to cardio-metabolic outcomes is less likely to be causal.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

Covid-19 In Man: A Very Dangerous Affair.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lisco ◽  
Vito A. Giagulli ◽  
Giovanni De Pergola ◽  
Anna De Tullio ◽  
Edoardo Guastamacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
The Impact

Background: The novel pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has becoming a public health issue since March 2020 considering that more than 30 million people were found to be infected worldwide. Particularly, recent evidences suggested that men may be considered as at higher risk of poor prognosis or death once the infection occurred and concerns surfaced in regard of the risk of a possible testicular injury due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Several data support the existence of a bivalent role of testosterone (T) in driving poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. On one hand, this is attributable to the fact that T may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells by means of an enhanced expression of transmembrane serine-protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). At the same time, younger man with normal testicular function compared to women of similar age are prone to develop a blunted immune response against SARS-CoV-2, being exposed to less viral clearance and more viral shedding and systemic spread of the disease. Conversely, low levels of serum T observed in hypogonadal men predispose them to a greater background systemic inflammation, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and immune system dysfunction, hence driving harmful consequences once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Finally, SARS-CoV-2, as a systemic disease, may also affect testicles with possible concerns for current and future testicular efficiency. Preliminary data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 genome is not normally found in gonads and gametes, therefore sex transmission could be excluded as a possible way to spread the COVID-19. Conclusion: Most data support a role of T as a bivalent risk factor for poor prognosis (high/normal in younger; lower in elderly) in COVID-19. However, the impact of medical treatment aimed to modify T homeostasis for improving the prognosis of affected patients is unknown in this clinical setting. In addition, testicular damage may be a harmful consequence of the infection even in case it occurred asymptomatically but no long-term evidences are currently available to confirm and quantify this phenomenon. Different authors excluded the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sperm and oocytes, thus limiting worries about both a potential sexual and gamete-to-embryos transmission of COVID-19. Despite these evidence, long-term and well-designed studies are needed to clarify these issues.

scholarly journals Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Is a Stronger Predictor of Dysmetabolic Traits in Children Than Size at Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freja Bach Kampmann ◽  
Anne Cathrine Baun Thuesen ◽  
Line Hjort ◽  
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen ◽  
Sara Monteiro Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Context and Objective Being born small or large for gestational age and intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes (GDM) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in the offspring. However, the potential combined deleterious effects of size at birth and GDM exposure remains unknown. We examined the independent effect of size at birth and the influence of GDM exposure in utero on cardiometabolic traits, body composition, and puberty status in children. Design, Participants, and Methods The present study was a longitudinal birth cohort study. We used clinical data from 490 offspring of mothers with GDM and 527 control offspring aged 9 to 16 years, born singleton at term from the Danish National Birth Cohort with available birthweight data. Results We found no evidence of a U-shaped association between size at birth (expressed as birthweight, sex, and gestational age adjusted z-score) and cardiometabolic traits. Body size in childhood and adolescence reflected the size at birth but was not reflected in any metabolic outcome. No synergistic adverse effect of being born small or large for gestational age and exposure to GDM was shown. However, GDM was associated with an adverse metabolic profile and earlier onset of female puberty in childhood and adolescence independently of size at birth. Conclusion In childhood and adolescence, we found GDM was a stronger predictor of dysmetabolic traits than size at birth. The combination of being born small or large and exposed to GDM does not exacerbate the metabolic profile in the offspring.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of different gestational-diabetes (GDM) diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes. The search process encompassed PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, published in English language and with a focus on adverse-maternal-outcomes up to January 2020. According to GDM diagnostic criteria, the studies were classified into seven groups. A total of 49 population-based studies consisting of 1409018 pregnant women with GDM and 7,667,546 non-GDM counterparts were selected for data analysis and knowledge synthesis. Accordingly, the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes including primary-cesarean, induction of labor, maternal-hemorrhage, and pregnancy-related-hypertension, overall, regardless of GDM diagnostic-criteria and in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. However, in meta-regression, the increased risk was not influenced by the GDM diagnostic-classification and the magnitude of the risks among patients, using the IADPSG criteria-classification as the most strict-criteria, was similar to other criteria. In conclusion, a reduction in the diagnostic-threshold increased the prevalence of GDM, but the risk of adverse-maternal-outcome was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. Our review findings can empower health-care-providers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Infant Adiposity at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Manoja P. Herath ◽  
Jeffrey M. Beckett ◽  
Andrew P. Hills ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and increased adiposity in GDM-exposed infants is suggested as a plausible mediator of this increased risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Evidence is equivocal regarding the impact of good glycaemic control in GDM mothers on infant adiposity at birth. We systematically reviewed studies reporting fat mass (FM), percent fat mass (%FM) and skinfold thicknesses (SFT) at birth in infants of mothers with GDM controlled with therapeutic interventions (IGDMtr). While treating GDM lowered FM in newborns compared to no treatment, there was no difference in FM and SFT according to the type of treatment (insulin, metformin, glyburide). IGDMtr had higher overall adiposity (mean difference, 95% confidence interval) measured with FM (68.46 g, 29.91 to 107.01) and %FM (1.98%, 0.54 to 3.42) but similar subcutaneous adiposity measured with SFT, compared to infants exposed to normal glucose tolerance (INGT). This suggests that IGDMtr may be characterised by excess fat accrual in internal adipose tissue. Given that intra-abdominal adiposity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, future studies should distinguish adipose tissue distribution of IGDMtr and INGT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document