scholarly journals Why do some children of short stature develop psychologically well while others have problems?

2004 ◽  
pp. S35-S39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Erling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Test Models ◽  
And Coping

The present paper addresses the question: why do some children of short stature develop psychologically well while others have problems? Based on the work of Wallander and Varni, a model is presented to illustrate risk as well as resistance factors that are important for children of short stature.It is suggested that important risk factors for the psychological adjustment of children of short stature are the child's satisfaction with its height and the aetiology of the short stature. Another possible risk factor is the tendency for people in the child's environment to treat the child as if he or she were younger than is actually the case. The most important risk factor, however, seems to be the psychosocial stress related to being teased or bullied due to the short stature. Important resistance factors for children of short stature might be the child's temperament, familial support and coping strategies.It is concluded that an important aim for future research is, in a multi-disciplinary setting, to empirically test models of risk and resistance factors that are relevant for children of short stature.

The 50 Most Cited Articles in the Indications, Risk Factors, Techniques, and Outcomes of ACL Revision Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley E. Ennis ◽  
Kevin Bondar ◽  
Johnathon McCormick ◽  
Clark Jia-Long Chen ◽  
Chester J. Donnally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Revision Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Number Of Citations

AbstractThe rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retear remains high and revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes compared with primaries. To make advances in this area, a strong understanding of influential research is necessary. One method for systematically evaluating the literature is by citation analysis. This article aims to establish and evaluate “classic” articles. With consideration of these articles, this article also aims to evaluate gaps in the field and determine where future research should be directed. The general approach for data collection and analysis consisted of planning objectives, employing a defined strategy, reviewing search results using a multistep and multiauthor approach with specific screening criteria, and analyzing data. The collective number of citations for all publications within the list was 5,203 with an average of 104 citations per publication. “Biomechanical Measures during Landing and Postural Stability Predict Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sport” by Paterno et al contained both the highest number of total citations and the highest number of citations per year, with 403 total citations and 43.9 citations per year. The most recurring level of evidence were level II (n = 18) and level III (n = 17). “Clinical Outcomes” was the most common article type (n = 20) followed by “Risk Factors” (n = 10). The American Journal of Sports Medicine had the highest recorded Cite Factor with over 50% of the articles (n = 27) published. The most productive authors included R.W. Wright (n = 6), S.D. Barber-Westin (n = 5), F.R. Noyes (n = 5), and K.P. Spindler (n = 5). Historically, influential studies have been published in the realms of clinical outcome and risk factor identification. It has been established that revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes and more high-level studies are needed. Additionally, prospective studies that apply the knowledge for current known risk factor mitigation are needed to determine if graft tear rates can be lowered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain and Coping Strategies in School Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Saravanan Murugan ◽  
Prerana Saravanan ◽  
Disha Avaiya ◽  
Ibrahim Bawa ◽  
Charmi Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

<strong>Introduction:</strong> School teachers have high prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders which decrease productivity at work due to sick leave and absenteeism. In India, more traditional methods of teaching are used as compared to other countries, and this difference encouraged us to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, risk factors and coping strategies adopted by teachers. <strong>Methods:</strong> A self-administered Questionnaire was distributed to 810 particcipants. 567 responses were received out of which 30 questionnaires were incomplete. The self-administered Questionnaire included 31 questions under 5 categories: General Profile, Occupational profile, Health/Musculoskeletal pain profile, Perceived risk factors and Coping Strategies. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, frequency were calculated for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of musculoskeletal symptoms with demograpic factors and working conditions. <strong>Results:</strong> 112 (20.9%) reported having musculoskeletal pain. Low back (48.2%) was commonly affected. 50.9% had chronic pain and 71.4% reported pain interfered with occupational routine. 48.2% reported with sleep disturbances. Commonly percieved factor was standing for prolonged periods (76.8%). Risk factor analysis using logistic regression model on cause of pain showed statistical significance (χ2 (27)=77.169, p&lt;0.005). Females were 3.952 times more likely to exhibit pain than males (OR 3.952, 95% CI 1.694- 9.217). Commonly reported coping strategy was visiting a Physiotherapist (44.6%). While 33% coped up with pain using prescribed analgesics, none of them opted to rest. Despite high prevalence and severity, only 17% had frequented absenteism to work by taking sick leave.<strong> Discussion:</strong> Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal pain was found to be higher among school teachers as per the results of this present study. Prevalence and risk factor perceptions of school teachers as reported in this study can be of significance in understanding and addressing these factors and appropriate measures to prevent and overcome them can be devised based on these results. Since the risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms can be multifactorial in nature, the results of this present study need to be correlated with all possible mechanisms related to this population and further studies to determine the effectiveness of appropriate ergonomic modifications should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Demographic and Risk-Factor Differences between Users and Non-Users of Unscheduled Healthcare among Pediatric Outpatients with Persistent Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavani Rangachari ◽  
Dixie D. Griffin ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Kathleen R. May
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Pediatric Outpatients

This study assesses differences between users and non-users of unscheduled healthcare for persistent childhood asthma, with regard to select demographic and risk factors. The objectives are to provide important healthcare utilization information and a foundation for future research on self-management effectiveness (SME), informed by a recently developed “holistic framework” for measuring SME in childhood asthma. An 18-month retrospective chart review was conducted on 59 pediatric outpatients with persistent asthma—mild, moderate, or severe, to obtain data on various demographic and risk factors, and healthcare use for each child. The study examined five types of “unscheduled” healthcare use. Users had non-zero encounters (at least one) in any of the five types; non-users had zero encounters (not even one) in all five types. Differences between users and non-users were assessed using contingency table and logistic regression analysis. There were 25 users and 34 non-users of unscheduled healthcare. Each severity category contained users and non-users. The only statistically significant finding was that the mild persistent category had fewer users than severe persistent (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between users and non-users for any other demographic or risk factor examined. After adjusting for asthma severity, there were no other significant differences between users and non-users of unscheduled healthcare. This is a crucial finding which suggests that something else is driving unscheduled healthcare use in these children, given there were users and non-users in each asthma severity category. These results provide impetus for future research on the role of other aspects of the "holistic framework" in explaining differences in uses of unscheduled healthcare in persistent childhood asthma.

scholarly journals An Overview of Atherosclerosis: A Look to the Future*

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4a) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey S. Getz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Experimental Atherosclerosis ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The Future

This overview briefly summarizes the cellular pathobiology of experimental atherosclerosis and is then followed by a consideration of how 3 major risk factors interact with the hypothesized pathogenetic process. First, since hemodynamics and blood flow influence the localization of atherosclerotic plaques, possible mechanisms and directions of research are considered. Secondly, the recent hypothesis relating the oxidation of LDL to several of the early processes of atherogenesis is briefly discussed in view of the fact that hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor. The possibility that subsets of LDL and lipoproteins other than LDL might be involved is also discussed. Family history is the last of the 3 contributors to atherosclerosis reviewed and some prototypes of gene abnormalities are considered. Finally, the needs and prospects of future research are summarized.

scholarly journals A study on epidemiology, etiology, risk factor and treatment management in chronic kidney disease on children, adult and geriatric patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A systematic mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7175-7181
Author(s):  
Naveena B ◽  
Karthikeyan E
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Management

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was recognized as universal health problem for population. It can result in a systemic review of epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and treatment management was reporting the incidence of CKD about children, adult, and geriatric patients by using the research articles from 1982 to 2020. The object of study to find out a incidence about epidemiology, etiology, risk factor, and treatment management for all age groups with CKD patients in review articles. The discussion in this study systemic mini-review was about CKD in children, adult, and geriatric patients. In 2012, 2018 and 2019 epidemiology is mostly geriatrics are effected with CKD compared with children and adults but in 2016 children and geriatrics are equally effected with CKD. In 2017 to 2019 etiology is mostly geriatrics are effected with CKD  when compared with children and adults. From 2000 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020 risk factors are mostly children’s are effected with CKD having risk factors  to compare with adults and geriatrics. The treatment management from 1982 to 2020 the medications are intervented like radioactive iodine,  Azathioprine, methotrexate, lisinopril, hemodialysis,  methotrexate, and lisinopril for all age groups of CKD patients. The study was concluded that patients with CKD has increased the epidemiology, etiology, risk factor, and treatment management on children, adult, and geriatric patients with CKD. Future research should investigate adequate information about children, adults, and geriatric patients with CKD for better outcomes in further study.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of risk factors associated with suicidal ideation after stroke

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangmei Zhang ◽  
Anrong Wang ◽  
Weifeng Zhu ◽  
Zhaoyang Qiu ◽  
Zhaoxu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Complications Of Stroke

Abstract Background Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid on post stroke suicide (PSS), which is one of complications of stroke. The rates of stroke and suicide are relatively high, especially in Asian populations. Thus, a deeper understanding of the prevalence and epidemiological impact of suicide after stroke is urgently needed. Clinical diagnosis and prevention of PSS are at the incipient stage, but the risk factors responsible for the occurrence of PSS in different regions and stages of the disease remain largely unknown. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the incidence of PSS at different stages and time courses, and to identify the underlying risk factors for PSS. Methods We systematically searched the Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science databases from their inception until April 2019.The research articles reporting on the risk factor for PSS were screened and included in the meta-analysis. The data from the included studies were extracted according to the predefined criteria. Results A total of 12 studies (n = 2,693,036) were included for meta-analyses. Of these studies, 7 reporting suicide prevalence were meta-analyzed. The pooled estimate of suicidal ideation rates after stroke was 12%, which could be influenced by multiple risk factors, including sex, smoking, depression, sleep disorders, previous stroke and low household income. Studies conducted in Asia demonstrated higher suicide prevalence (approximately 15%) compared to other regions. Smoking, low family income, depression, heart disease and sleep disorders were important risk factors for PSS. When compared to PSS of more than 1 year, the incidence of suicide within 1 year after stroke was more likely to be statistically significant. It was found that 4 out of every 1000 stroke survivors tended to commit suicide. The results of this meta-analysis showed that depression (OR = 2.32; p < 0.01) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, regardless of stroke duration. Conclusion PSS is one of the common complications of stroke. Despite some limitations, we successfully identified the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation after stroke. Notably, depression was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, regardless of stroke duration. Targeting this risk factor may be helpful to improve stroke patient care and prevent suicidal ideation after stroke. Future research will be carried out to assess whether suicidal ideation or thoughts and actual suicide attempts are strongly predictive of suicide deaths after stroke (Registration No. CRD42019128813).

scholarly journals 2271. Bacteremia Due to Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms Is an Independent Risk Factor for Death Among Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S777-S777
Author(s):  
Ryan Rivosecchi ◽  
Penny Sappington ◽  
Lloyd Clarke ◽  
Cornelius J Clancy ◽  
Minh-Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Ecmo Therapy

Abstract Background ECMO is a type of life-support for patients with refractory respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Our objective was to determine the incidence, resistance patterns and risk factors for development of blood stream infections (BSI) in patients receiving ECMO therapy. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of a single intensive care unit. All patients receiving ECMO therapy between 7/1/13 and 4/28/18 were evaluated. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens were defined as non-susceptible to ≥1 agent in ≥3 antimicrobial classes, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Results 471 patients received ECMO, accounting for 4,739 ECMO days. Thirty-six patients (7.6%) had ≥1 episode of BSI; 47 episodes occurred, resulting in 10 events per 1,000 ECMO days. The most common organisms were Enterobacteriaceae (26%), 33% of which were MDR. Staphylococcus aureus (17%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (17%), Enterococcus faecium (11%) and Candida spp. (6%) were also identified. Overall, 20% of BSI were due to MDR bacteria. Median duration of BSI was significantly longer for infections due to VRE (8.5 days), than other organisms (1 day; P = 0.0006). Duration of ECMO (P < 0.0001), continuous renal replacement therapy (P = 0.01), units of blood transfused (P = 0.0001) and end-stage lung disease (ESLD) awaiting transplant (P = 0.004) were risk factors for BSI. Duration of ECMO, units of blood transfused and ESLD were independent risk factors for BSI. VV vs. VA-ECMO or central vs. peripheral cannulation were not significant risk factors. By logistic regression, MDR bacterial BSI was associated with longer duration of ECMO (P = 0.001) and number of units of blood transfused (P = 0.01). 1-year mortality after initiation of ECMO was 48%. Independent risk factors for 1-year mortality were age (P < 0.0001) and BSI due to MDR bacteria (P = 0.049). Conclusion The rate of BSIs during ECMO is relatively low, but these infections are commonly caused by MDR bacteria and associated with high 1-year mortality. Clinicians should consider empiric antibiotic coverage for MDR bacteria in patients with BSI on prolonged ECMO, and in patients on ECMO who received multiple blood transfusions. Since MDR bacterial BSI is an independent risk factor for mortality, future research on preventive strategies are warranted in high-risk ECMO cohorts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 6-24 bulan di kecamatan Penanggalan kota Subulussalam provinsi Aceh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Wanda Lestari ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Zen Rahfiludin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Education Levels

Background : Aceh is one of the province in Indonesia with high prevalence of stunting that is 39% compared withnational 35,6%. Subulussalam has a highly proportion of stunting.Objective : This study was aimed to analyze the risk factors for stunting among children between 6-24 months old.Methods : The design was case-control study, the subjects were children between 6-24 months with 55 stunted and 55normal. The subjects chosen by consecutive sampling. The risk factors were education levels and employment of parent,family income, suffering from diarrhea and URTI, energy and protein intake, height of the parent, birth weight,exclusive breastfeeding, the time of complementary feeding, parenting style and source of clean water. Data analysisusing the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and regression analysis.Results : The risk factors for stunting were low income of family (OR=8,5, 95%CI: 2,68-26,89), suffering from diarrhea(OR=5,04, 95%CI: 1,84-13,81) and URTI (OR=5,71, 95%CI: 1,95-16,67), inadequate of energy (OR=3,09, 95%CI:1,02-9,39) and protein intake (OR=5,54, 95%CI: 2,43-12,63), short stature of the parent (OR=11,13, 95%CI: 4,37-28,3), low birth weight (OR=3,26, 95%CI: 1,46-7,31), not exclusively breastfeeding (OR=6,54, 95%CI: 2,84-15,06),giving complementary feeding too early (OR=6,54, 95%CI: 2,84-15,06), and poor parenting style of feeding practices(OR=4,59, 95%CI: 2,05-10,25), child hygiene practices (OR=3,26, 95%CI: 1,46-7,31) and treatment of childrenpractices (OR=2,46, 95%CI: 1,13-5,34). Regression analysis showed that the dominant risk factor for stunting wasshort stature of the parent (OR=13,16, 95%CI: 3,72-46,52).Conclusions : The dominant risk factor for stunting was short stature of the parent.

scholarly journals Suicide Models and Treatment Models Are Separate Entities. What Does It Mean for Clinical Suicide Prevention?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5301
Author(s):  
Konrad Michel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Risk Factor Models ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Theoretical models of suicide are based on risk factors associated with suicide, such as psychiatric pathology, genetics, epigenetics, functional brain disorders, and impaired decision making. In current clinical practice, the predominant risk model is the medical model, which posits that treating suicide risk is primarily a matter of treating psychiatric disorders. However, even comprehensive risk factor models cannot overcome the basic problem that, by their nature, they cannot accommodate the suicidal person’s psychological experience of suicidality. Risk factor models do not translate into effective treatment models. Suicide risk is highly personal and fluid, and is related to individual vulnerabilities and to person-specific events triggering suicidal thoughts and actions. Clinicians need treatment models that are meaningful to suicidal patients. Understanding the single person’s suicidality requires a patient-centered approach. Therapeutic interventions that effectively reduce the risk of suicidal behavior have been developed from general principles of psychotherapy. Therapy process factors associated with effective therapies are working alliance, validation of the individual patient’s thoughts and feelings, active treatment engagement. Psychological therapies need patients who are active participants in a collaborative working relationship between therapist and patient. The goal must be to jointly develop a meaningful understanding of the suicidal crisis. In view of the limited personal resources in health care systems it is important that effective therapies are brief and effective. Future research must aim to improve our understanding of the factors involved in effective therapies in order to optimize treatments for individuals at risk. This may also include the integration of biological risk factors in psychological treatment models.

Abstract 111: Depression as a Risk Factor for Incident Ischemic Stroke Among HIV-infected Veterans

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J Sico ◽  
Suman Kundu ◽  
Kaku So-Armah ◽  
Samir Gupta ◽  
Joyce Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

Background: HIV infection (HIV+) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are each associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. While depressive disorders are common among HIV+ people, it is not known if MDD is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in the HIV population. Methods and Results: We analyzed data on 106,363 (33,544 HIV+; 72,819 HIV-) participants who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, an observational cohort of HIV+ and matched uninfected veterans in care from April 1 st , 2003 through September 30, 2012. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from medical records were used to determine baseline MDD and the primary outcome, incident ischemic stroke. The prevalence of MDD was similar for HIV+ and HIV- veterans (20.0% and 18.8%, respectively). After a median of 9.2 years of follow-up, stroke rates per 1000 person-years were highest among HIV+/MDD+ veterans (5.8; 95% CI:5.2-6.5), followed by HIV+/MDD- veterans (5.3; 95% CI:5.0-5.6), HIV-/MDD+ (5.1; 95% CI: 4.7-5.5), and HIV-/MDD- (4.8; 95% CI: 4.6-5.0). In Cox proportional hazard models, MDD was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke for both HIV+ and HIV- veterans, even after adjusting for sociodemographic adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and cerebrovascular risk factors (Table). The risk persisted among HIV+ people after further adjusting for HIV factors (Table). These associations were modestly attenuated with the addition of cocaine and alcohol abuse/dependence. Conclusions: In the VACS, MDD was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in HIV+ veterans after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, traditional cerebrovascular risk factors, and HIV factors; however, this association was modestly attenuated after adjustment for cocaine and alcohol abuse/dependence. Future research is necessary to: (a) fully elucidate the relationships among MDD, cocaine/alcohol use, and stroke risk and (b) determine whether intervening on MDD reduces stroke risk in HIV+ and HIV- people. Clinical providers should be aware of the increased stroke risk among HIV+ adults with MDD.

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