A toolbox of interventions to optimise age appropriate diabetes self-management: Inclusion of both face to face and digital solutions?

Abstract Background Enhancing self-efficacy to manage symptoms and functions is an important aspect of self-management for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Many reports have investigated the effects of self-management education programmes for arthritis patients. However, a study that exclusively focuses on patients with OA in the same joints is required to clarify the effects of self-management programmes because individuals with knee OA experience physical and psychological difficulties different from those experienced by individuals with other arthritis diseases. Furthermore, previous studies have reported a wide range of delivery styles of self-management education programmes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes conducted by health professionals targeting self-efficacy for knee OA exclusively. Methods The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro databases were searched to identify quantitative measures used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of self-management education programmes targeting self-efficacy in patients with knee OA. We included studies in which medical professional-delivered self-management education programmes were conducted in a group-based and face-to-face manner in community or outpatient settings. Results Seven RCTs from five countries were included in this review. Our retrieved studies included various types of self-management education programmes such as cognitive behavioural counselling, pain management education, physical education, weight management education, and arthritis self-efficacy management education, and control arms. They assessed various aspects of self-efficacy, including pain, physical function, arthritis symptoms excluding pain, weight management, mobility, and self-regulation. The total score of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale was also measured. Some studies have reported beneficial effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes on self-efficacy for management of pain and other symptoms and for self-regulatory, knee OA. However, the results of the included studies were varied and inconsistent. Conclusions The current review only included seven studies, and there was a wide range of clinical heterogeneity among these studies. Thus, the effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes conducted by health professionals on self-efficacy for knee OA exclusively are inconclusive to date. Therefore, high-quality studies are required to provide significant information on clinicians, patients, and healthcare professionals in the future.

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Proactive Health Support: Exploring Face-to-Face Start-Up Sessions Between Participants and Registered Nurses at the Onset of Telephone-Based Self-Management Support

Global Qualitative Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/2333393620930026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233339362093002

Author(s):

Susanne Winther ◽

Mia Fredens ◽

Marie Brund Hansen ◽

Kirstine Skov Benthien ◽

Camilla Palmhøj Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Registered Nurses ◽

Large Scale ◽

Self Management ◽

Management Support ◽

Continuous Contact ◽

Face To Face ◽

Start Up ◽

Health Support ◽

The Relationship

Proactive Health Support (PaHS) is a large-scale intervention in Denmark carried out by registered nurses (RNs) who provide self-management support to people at risk of hospital admission to enhance their health, coping, and quality of life. PaHS is initiated with a face-to-face session followed by telephone conversations. We aimed to explore the start-up sessions, including if and how the relationship between participants and RNs developed at the onset of PaHS. We used an ethnographic design including observations and informal interviews. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach. The study showed that contexts such as hospitals and RNs legitimized the intervention. Face-to-face communication contributed to credibility, just as the same RN throughout the intervention ensured continuity. We conclude that start-up sessions before telephone-based self-management support enable a trust-based relationship between participants and RNs. Continuous contact with the same RNs throughout the session promoted participation in the intervention.

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Pandemic Covid-19: Impact to Malay Language Learning among the Students in Public Universities

International Journal of Human Resource Studies ◽

10.5296/ijhrs.v11i4s.19249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4S) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Shamsudin Othman ◽

Rosmaria Omar ◽

Azhar Md Sabil

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Language Learning ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Public Universities ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Self Management ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Face To Face ◽

Learning At Home ◽

At Home

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social education moved from face to face to online learning to discourage large gatherings and crowds from catching the spread of the virus. This state of urgency involved all the students including university students. This paper aims to study the impacts of Pandemic Covid19 and identified the relationships between online learning, learning at home and self-management towards Malay Language learning among the students in public universities during MCO and 2) to develop a predictive model in the relationships between online learning, learning at home and self-management towards Malay Language learning among the students in public universities during MCO. Four variables which are online learning, learning at home, self-management, and Malay Language learning were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. About 279 students from public universities were involved as respondents. Descriptive analysis, Correlation Pearson analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to answer the research objectives. An analysis of correlation Pearson showed that there are significant values derived from the relationship between online learning and Malay language learning (r=.578, p=.000). There is also a significant relationship between self-management and Malay language learning (r=.368, p=.000). However, there is no relationship between learning at home and Malay Language learning (r=.026, p=.294). The predictive model achieved good fit values of RMSEA=.061, IFI=.937, CFI=.936, TLI=.925 and Chisq/df=2.001. The implementation of online learning as a new norm and platform in teaching and learning Malay Language among the students gave a positive impact in terms of technology usage. However, there are needs for improvement to be considered in providing a more useful platform to change from face to face in conventional ways similarly to advanced technology. Meanwhile, the predictive model can serve as a source of reference in evaluating Malay language learning by using technology and other indicators for the future, for the sake of student’s achievement.

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Factors for Supporting Primary Care Physician Engagement With Patient Apps for Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management That Link to Primary Care: Interview Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11885 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Ayre ◽

Carissa Bonner ◽

Sian Bramwell ◽

Sharon McClelland ◽

Rajini Jayaballa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Care ◽

Care Physician ◽

Self Management ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Face To Face ◽

Care Services ◽

Primary Care Services ◽

Potential Benefits

BACKGROUND The health burden of type 2 diabetes can be mitigated by engaging patients in two key aspects of diabetes care: self-management and regular contact with health professionals. There is a clear benefit to integrating these aspects of care into a single clinical tool, and as mobile phone ownership increases, apps become a more feasible platform. However, the effectiveness of online health interventions is contingent on uptake by health care providers, which is typically low. There has been little research that focuses specifically on barriers and facilitators to health care provider uptake for interventions that link self-management apps to the user’s primary care physician (PCP). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore PCP perspectives on proposed features for a self-management app for patients with diabetes that would link to primary care services. METHODS Researchers conducted 25 semistructured interviews. The interviewer discussed potential features that would link in with the patient’s primary care services. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded. Framework analysis and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist were employed to ensure rigor. RESULTS Our analysis indicated that PCP attitudes toward proposed features for an app were underpinned by perceived roles of (1) diabetes self-management, (2) face-to-face care, and (3) the anticipated burden of new technologies on their practice. Theme 1 explored PCP perceptions about how an app could foster patient independence for self-management behaviors but could also increase responsibility and liability for the PCP. Theme 2 identified beliefs underpinning a commonly expressed preference for face-to-face care. PCPs perceived information was more motivating, better understood, and presented with greater empathy when delivered face to face rather than online. Theme 3 described how most PCPs anticipated an initial increase in workload while they learned to use a new clinical tool. Some PCPs accepted this burden on the basis that the change was inevitable as health care became more integrated. Others reported potential benefits were outweighed by effort to implement an app. This study also identified how app features can be positively framed, highlighting potential benefits for PCPs to maximize PCP engagement, buy-in, and uptake. For example, PCPs were more positive when they perceived that an app could facilitate communication and motivation between consultations, focus on building capacity for patient independence, and reinforce rather than replace in-person care. They were also more positive about app features that were automated, integrated with existing software, flexible for different patients, and included secondary benefits such as improved documentation. CONCLUSIONS This study provided insight into PCP perspectives on a diabetes app integrated with primary care services. This was observed as more than a technological change; PCPs were concerned about changes in workload, their role in self-management, and the nature of consultations. Our research highlighted potential facilitators and barriers to engaging PCPs in the implementation process.

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A qualitative study of users’ experiences after 3 months: the first Rwandan diabetes self-management Smartphone application “Kir’App”

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018820914510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 204201882091451

Author(s):

Claudine B. Kabeza ◽

Lorenz Harst ◽

Peter E.H. Schwarz ◽

Patrick Timpel

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Information Provision ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Self Management ◽

Diabetes Knowledge ◽

Face To Face ◽

Management Application

Background: Owing to the increasing popularity of smartphones in Rwanda, almost 75% of the entire population currently has access to the internet. Although it has been shown that smartphone applications can support diabetes self-management, there was no diabetes self-management application available in Rwanda until April 2019. Based on the findings of a prior study assessing the needs and expectations of potential users, ‘Kir’App’ was developed to fill that void. The aim of this study was to evaluate users’ experiences after 3 months of use of the first Kir’App prototype. Methods: The participants of the previous study were recruited to take part in the current study. Semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Findings were analysed thematically using Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis. Both deductive and inductive approaches were used to analyse transcripts according to the original categories and subcategories of the previous study. Results: A total of 14 people with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes participated in the study. Age of participants ranged from 19 to 70 years, with a mean age of 34.4 years. Seven of the eight original themes and one additional theme were subjoined: diabetes education and desired information provision; increased diabetes knowledge and awareness; monitoring and reminder functions; nutrition; physical activity; coping with burden of disease; app features; use behaviour and usability. Overall, participants stated that the app increased their diabetes knowledge and assisted them with their diabetes self-management. Conclusions: We found that the first prototype of Kir’App meets the overall needs and expectations of participating Rwandan diabetics. Having followed a strict user-centred design process, their qualitative insights will help to further improve the app.

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Assessment of Rwandan diabetic patients’ needs and expectations to develop their first diabetes self-management smartphone application (Kir’App)

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018819845318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 204201881984531 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claudine B. Kabeza ◽

Lorenz Harst ◽

Peter E. H. Schwarz ◽

Patrick Timpel

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Diabetes Education ◽

Information Provision ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Self Management ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Face To Face ◽

And Coping ◽

Study Participants

Background: Knowledge of and coping with diabetes is still poor in some communities in Rwanda. While smartphone applications (or apps) have demonstrated improving diabetes self-care, there is no current study on the use of smartphones in the self-management of diabetes in Rwanda. Methods: The main objective of this study was to assess the needs and expectations of Rwandan diabetic patients for mobile-health-supported diabetes self-management in order to develop a patient-centred smartphone application (Kir’App). Results: Convenience sampling was used to recruit study participants at the Rwanda Diabetes Association. Twenty-one patients participated in semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis was performed using Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis. Conclusions: The study included 21 participants with either type 1 (female = 5, male = 6) or type 2 (female = 6, male = 4) diabetes. Participants’ age ranged from 18 to 69 years with a mean age of 35 and 29 years, respectively. Eight main themes were identified. These were (a) diabetes education and desired information provision; (b) lack of diabetes knowledge and awareness; (c) need for information in crisis situations; (d) required monitoring and reminder functions; (e) information on nutrition and alcohol consumption; (f) information on physical activity; (g) coping with burden of disease, through social support and network; (h) app features. This study provides recommendations that will be used to design the features of the first Rwandan diabetes self-management smartphone application (Kir’App). The future impact of the application on the Rwandan diabetic patients’ self-management capacity and quality of life will be evaluated afterwards.

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Health literacy in Israel – from measurement to intervention: Two case studies

Information Services & Use ◽

10.3233/isu-200070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

Diane Levin-Zamir ◽

Orna Baron-Epel

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Case Studies ◽

Self Management ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

Community Media ◽

Cultural Appropriateness ◽

Face To Face ◽

Health Literacy Measurement ◽

The Impact ◽

Broad Approach

This report focuses on opportunities, challenges and outcomes of health literacy related interventions in Israel, based on health literacy measurement. The importance of a system’s and community approaches are discussed, as is cultural appropriateness. Two case studies are highlighted - the first on childhood immunization and the second on self-management of chronic health situations. In the second example, a combination of community, media, digital, and face-to-face interventions comprise a broad approach to intervention. The impact and some findings are presented, including conclusions derived from each initiative.

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672-P: Comparing Latina Experiences with Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) in a Virtual World (VW) vs. the Face-to-Face Format (F2F)

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-672-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 672-P

Author(s):

KATHERINE MELO ◽

ALEXA BRAGG ◽

LANCE D. LAIRD ◽

PAULA GARDINER ◽

JESSICA M. HOWARD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual World ◽

Management Education ◽

Self Management ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Face

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What Is Eve Teasing? A Mixed Methods Study of Sexual Harassment of Young Women in the Rural Indian Context

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244017697168 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401769716 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sharon L. Talboys ◽

Manmeet Kaur ◽

James VanDerslice ◽

Lisa H. Gren ◽

Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Questionnaire Development ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Female Youth ◽

Face To Face ◽

Public Areas ◽

Physical Touch ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Eve Teasing

Eve teasing was identified as a significant community problem through a community-based participatory process with nine villages in Punjab, India. Eve teasing is a common euphemism in South Asia for sexual harassment of women in public areas by men. The purpose of this study was to characterize the meaning of eve teasing in the rural context, especially among female youth, and to develop a means to measure its occurrence. Mixed methods were utilized including focus group discussions (FGDs), semistructured interviews, and direct observation of questionnaire administration. Thirty-four people participated in six FGDs; two with adolescent boys ( n = 10), two with adolescent girls ( n = 15), and two with women ages 20 to 26 years ( n = 9). Eighty-nine females, ages 14 to 26 years, were recruited through purposive sampling for face-to-face interviews in homes and schools. Twenty-four interviews were observed directly to aid questionnaire development. Eve teasing was described as staring, stalking, passing comments, and inappropriate physical touch. Perceived consequences of eve teasing included tight restrictions on girls’ mobility, inability to attend school or work, girls being blamed, and causing family problems. FGD participants suggested that eve teasing can lead to depression and suicide. Among the 36 (40.4%) interview participants who reported eve teasing, 61.1% reported feelings of anger, 47.2% reported feelings of shame or humiliation, and more than one third reported feelings of fear, worry, or tension. The questionnaire offers a means to assess the occurrence of eve teasing that is culturally relevant and age appropriate for female youth in India.

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Analysis of the Experiences of Adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 878

Author(s):

Soo Jin Kwon ◽

Yoonjung Kim

Keyword(s):

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Self Management ◽

Multifaceted Approach ◽

Face To Face ◽

Complex Emotions

Complex regional pain syndrome is a rare, intractable disease causing chronic pain. For improved subjective and personal experience, an individualized treatment approach based on a thorough understanding of the patient’s perceptions is required for pain management. In this study, we examined the experiences and challenges of 11 Korean patients diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome. The patients described their experiences during in-depth, face-to-face interviews, and data were subjected to a thematic analysis. We identified the following three main themes: “my own non-stereotyped pain,” “complex emotions caused by pain,” and “a careful life endured alone.” Enduring pain alone was difficult, and the lack of support from family members, caregivers, or society amplified the patients’ hardships. As these patients often felt alone when coping with internal difficulties, including pain, they frequently coped through self-management of the condition. The importance of offering realistic support to complex regional pain syndrome patients is underscored via a multifaceted approach and may aid in the development of educational programs for medical personnel, families, and caregivers of these patients.

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