scholarly journals Canine placenta: a source of prepartal prostaglandins during normal and antiprogestin-induced parturition

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Pawel Kowalewski ◽  
Hakki Bülent Beceriklisoy ◽  
Christiane Pfarrer ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
Hans Kindahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Cell Crosstalk

Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2, now known as PTGS2), prostaglandin E2 synthase (PTGES, PGES), and prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGFS), of the respective receptors PTGFR (FP), PTGER2 (EP2), and PTGER4 (EP4) and of the progesterone receptor (PGR, PR) was assessed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), or in situ hybridization (ISH) in utero/placental tissue samples collected from three to five bitches on days 8–12 (pre-implantation), 18–25 (post-implantation), and 35–40 (mid-gestation) of pregnancy and during the prepartal luteolysis. Additionally, ten mid-pregnant bitches were treated with the antiprogestin aglepristone (10 mg/kg bw (2×/24 h)); ovariohysterectomy was 24 and 72 h after the second treatment. Plasma progesterone and 15-ketodihydro-PGF2α (PGFM) concentrations were determined by RIA. Expression of the PGR was highest before implantation and primarily located to the endometrium; expression in the placenta was restricted to the decidual cells. PTGS2 was constantly low expressed until mid-gestation; a strong upregulation occurred at prepartal luteolysis concomitant with an increase in PGFM. PGFS was upregulated after implantation and significantly elevated through early and mid-gestation. PTGES showed a gradual increase and a strong prepartal upregulation. PTGFR, PTGER2, and PTGER4 were downregulated after implantation; a gradual upregulation of PTGFR and PTGER2 occurred towards parturition. ISH and IHC co-localized PGFS, PTGFR, PTGES, and PTGS2 in the trophoblast and endometrium. The changes following application of aglepristone were in the same direction as those observed from mid-gestation to prepartal luteolysis. These data suggest that the prepartal increase of PGF2α results from a strong upregulation of PTGS2 in the fetal trophoblast with the withdrawal of progesterone having a signalling function and the decidual cells playing a key role in the underlying cell-to-cell crosstalk.

scholarly journals Functional implications of the utero-placental relaxin (RLN) system in the dog throughout pregnancy and at term

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nowak ◽  
Aykut Gram ◽  
Alois Boos ◽  
Selim Aslan ◽  
Serhan S Ay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Decidual Cells ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Connective Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Post Implantation

Relaxin (RLN) is a key hormone of pregnancy in mammals best known for its involvement in connective tissue remodeling. In the domestic dog, placental RLN is the only known endocrine marker of pregnancy. However, knowledge is sparse regarding the spatio-temporal expression of RLN and its receptors (RXFP1 and RXFP2) in the canine uterus and placenta. Here, their expression was investigated in the pre-implantation uterus and utero-placental compartments (UtPl) at selected time points during gestation: post-implantation, mid-gestation, and at normal and antigestagen-induced luteolysis/abortion. Immunohistochemistry with newly generated, canine-specific antisera,in situhybridization and semi-quantitative PCR were applied. In compartmentalization studies, placental and endometrialRLNincreased continuously toward prepartum. The placentalRXFP1was time-related and highest during post-implantation and decreased together withRXFP2at prepartum luteolysis. The endometrial levels of both receptors did not vary greatly, but myometrialRXFP2decreased from mid-gestation to prepartum luteolysis. Antigestagen treatment resulted in suppression ofRLNin UtPl and decreasedRXFP1andRXFP2in the uterus. The placental RLN was localized mainly in the cytotrophoblast. Additionally, RXFP1 stained strongly in placental endothelial cells while RXFP2 was found mainly in maternal decidual cells. Uterine staining for all targets was found in epithelial cellular constituents and in myometrium. Finally, besides its endocrine functions, RLN seems to be involved in auto-/paracrine regulation of utero-placental functions in dogs in a time-dependent manner. New insights into feto-maternal communication was provided, in particular regarding the localization of RXFP2 in the maternal decidual cells, implying functional roles of RLN during the decidualization process.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

A PILOT STUDY OF HER-2/NEU GENE AMPLIFICATION ASSESSED BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) IN GASTRIC CANCER

2014 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Van Huy Tran ◽  
Thi Minh Thi Ha ◽  
Trung Nghia Van ◽  
Viet Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Phan Tuong Quynh Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Background: HER-2/neu is a predictive biomarker for treatment of gastric cancer using trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the status of HER-2/neu gene amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in gastric cancer. Patients and methods: thirty six gastric cancer patients were assessed HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH using PathVysionTM HER-2 DNA Probe kit (including HER-2/neu probe and CEP-17 probe) with biopsy and surgical specimens. Results: The HER-2/neu gene amplification was observed in three cases (8.3%), the HER-2/neu gene amplification rate in Lauren’s intestinal-type and diffuse-type were 11.8% and 5.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We applied successfully FISH technique with gastric cancer tissue samples. This technique could be performed as routine test in gastric cancer in order to select patients that benefit from trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy.

Reflex Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Analysis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) in Breast Needle Core Biopsy Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1090-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. VandenBussche ◽  
Ashley Cimino-Mathews ◽  
Ben Ho Park ◽  
Leisha A. Emens ◽  
Theodore N. Tsangaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Biopsy Specimens

scholarly journals White Syndrome-Affected Corals Have a Distinct Microbiome at Disease Lesion Fronts

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joseph Pollock ◽  
Naohisa Wada ◽  
Gergely Torda ◽  
Bette L. Willis ◽  
David G. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Health States ◽  
Host Coral ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White Syndrome ◽  
Community Profiling

ABSTRACT Coral tissue loss diseases, collectively known as white syndromes (WSs), induce significant mortality on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, yet definitive confirmation of WS etiologies remains elusive. In this study, we integrated ecological disease monitoring, bacterial community profiling, in situ visualization of microbe-host interactions, and cellular responses of the host coral through an 18-month repeated-sampling regime. We assert that the observed pathogenesis of WS lesions on acroporid corals at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef) is not the result of apoptosis or infection by Vibrio bacteria, ciliates, fungi, cyanobacteria, or helminths. Histological analyses detected helminths, ciliates, fungi, and cyanobacteria in fewer than 25% of WS samples, and helminths and fungi were also observed in 12% of visually healthy samples. The abundances of Vibrio-affiliated sequences (assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) did not differ significantly between health states and never exceeded 3.3% of reads in any individual sample. In situ visualization detected Vibrio bacteria only in summer WS lesion samples and revealed no signs of these bacteria in winter disease samples (or any healthy tissue samples), despite continued disease progression year round. However, a 4-fold increase in Rhodobacteraceae-affiliated bacterial sequences at WS lesion fronts suggests that this group of bacteria could play a role in WS pathogenesis and/or serve as a diagnostic criterion for disease differentiation. While the causative agent(s) underlying WSs remains elusive, the microbial and cellular processes identified in this study will help to identify and differentiate visually similar but potentially distinct WS etiologies. IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, a virulent group of coral diseases known as white syndromes have impacted coral reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This article provides a detailed case study of white syndromes to combine disease ecology, high-throughput microbial community profiling, and cellular-scale host-microbe visualization over seasonal time scales. We provide novel insights into the etiology of this devastating disease and reveal new diagnostic criteria that could be used to differentiate visually similar but etiologically distinct forms of white syndrome.

Studies on Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis by Immunocyto-chemistry and Immunohistochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Lakshmikanth ◽  
N.S. Sharma ◽  
D. Pathak ◽  
Paviter Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Brucellosis is a major threat to livestock economy and an important zoonotic disease. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is a necessity to curb the spread and progress of the disease. The current study aimed to evaluate sensitivity of Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry methods for detection of Brucella spp.Methods: A total of 50 samples comprising of fetal stomach content, vaginal discharges and placenta were collected from cattle and buffaloes suffering from abortions and other reproductive disorders in and around Ludhiana, Punjab during the period 2017-2018. All the samples were processed for isolation and confirmed with biochemical analysis and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates obtained and 43 clinical samples excluding placental samples were subjected to Immunocytochemistry (ICC). Immunohistochemistry (ICH) was performed on placental samples.Result: A total of four isolates were recovered from the screened samples. The four isolates also yielded positive results in Immunocytochemistry. Among the 43 clinical samples screened by Immunocytochemistry, five were positive, however only 3 isolates were recovered on isolation. A total of seven placental tissue samples were processed and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Of the three placental samples positive by immunohistochemistry, only one sample was isolated on culture. The results suggest that both immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry are sensitive diagnostic techniques in comparison to isolation.

scholarly journals Influence of prolonged formalin fixation of tissue samples on the sensitivity of chromogenic in situ hybridization

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike M. Mostegl ◽  
Barbara Richter ◽  
Nora Dinhopl ◽  
Herbert Weissenböck
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) is a commonly used tool in diagnostic pathology to detect pathogens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Prolonged formalin fixation time was identified to be a limiting factor for the successful detection of nucleic acid from different pathogens, most probably due to the cross-linking activity of formalin between RNA, DNA, and proteins. Therefore, in the current study, the influence of formalin fixation time on ISH signal intensity of 2 viral ( Porcine circovirus-2 [PCV-2] and Porcine respiratory and reproductive virus [PRRSV]) and 2 protozoal agents ( Cryptosporidium serpentis and Tritrichomonas sp.) was evaluated. Tissue samples were fixed in 7% neutral buffered formaldehyde solution, and at defined intervals, pieces were embedded in paraffin wax and subjected to pathogen-specific ISH. For all 4 pathogens, the signal intensity remained comparable with the starting ISH signal for different periods of fixation (PCV-2: 6 weeks, PRRSV: 23 weeks, C. serpentis: 55 weeks, Tritrichomonas sp.: 53 weeks). Thereafter, the signal started to decline until loss of nucleic acid detection. The influence of increased proteinase K concentrations for inverting the formalin-induced cross-linking activity was examined compared with the standard protocol. With all 4 infectious agents, a 4-fold proteinase K concentration restored the ISH signals to a level comparable with 1 day of fixation. In conclusion, the influence of prolonged formalin fixation on the intensity of detected ISH signal highly depends on the analyzed infectious agent and the pretreatment protocol.

The Formation of an Epitaxial-Graphene Cap Layer for Post-Implantation High Temperature Annealing of SiC and its In Situ Removal by Si-Vapor Etching

2011 ◽  
Vol 679-680 ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Ushio ◽  
Ayumu Adachi ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsuda ◽  
Noboru Ohtani ◽  
Tadaaki Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Graphene Layer ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Etch Depth ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Post Implantation

As a new graphene functionality applicable to post-implantation high temperature annealing of SiC, a method of in situ formation and removal of large area epitaxial few-layer graphene on 4H-SiC(0001) Si-face is proposed. It is demonstrated that the homogeneous graphene layer formed by Si sublimation can be preserved without the decomposition of the underlying SiC substrate even in the excess of 2000 oC in ultrahigh vacuum. It is due to the existence of the stable (6√3×6√3) buffer layer at the interface. To ensure this cap function, the homogeneity of the interface must be guaranteed. In order to do that, precise control of the initial SiC surface flatness is required. Si-vapor etching is a simple and versatile SiC surface pre/post- treatment method, where thermally decomposed SiC surface is compensated by a Si-vapor flux from Si solid source in the same semi-closed TaC container. While this Si-vapor etching allows precise control of SiC etch depth and surface step-terrace structures, it also provides a “decap” function to remove of the graphene layer. The surface properties after the each process were characterized by AFM and Raman spectroscopy.

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