scholarly journals Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and expression analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) nuclear progesterone receptor

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi X Chen ◽  
Jan Bogerd ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
Fernanda F L Almeida ◽  
Geir Lasse Taranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Nuclear Progesterone Receptor

To better understand the role(s) of progestogens during early stages of spermatogenesis, we carried out studies on the nuclear progesterone receptor (Pgr) of the Atlantic salmon. Its open-reading frame shows the highest similarity with other piscine Pgr proteins. When expressed in mammalian cells, salmon Pgr exhibited progestogen-specific, dose-dependent induction of reporter gene expression, with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) showing the highest potency. We then analyzed testicular pgr mRNA and DHP plasma levels in animals during the onset of spermatogenesis, which were exposed to natural light or to constant light, to induce significant differences in testis growth. Grouping of the animals according to their progress through spermatogenesis showed that testicular pgr mRNA levels as well as DHP plasma levels first increased when germ cells had reached the stage of late type B spermatogonia and further increased when entered meiosis, i.e. when spermatocytes were present. However, in situ hybridization studies revealed that pgr mRNA expression was restricted to Sertoli cells, with a strong signal in Sertoli cells contacting type A/early type B spermatogonia, while Sertoli cells contacting larger germ cell clones with further differentiated stages (e.g. late type B spermatogonia) were less intensely/not stained. We conclude that the increase in pgr mRNA levels per pair of testis reflects, at least in part, the increased number of Sertoli cells enveloping type A and early type B spermatogonia. We propose that Sertoli cell-expressed Pgr may mediate DHP-stimulated early steps in spermatogenesis in Atlantic salmon, such as an increase in the number of new spermatogonial cysts.

scholarly journals Salinity and photoperiod modulate pubertal development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C Melo ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
Per Gunnar Fjelldal ◽  
Jan Bogerd ◽  
Luiz R França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Timing Of Puberty ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Spermatogonial Proliferation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The Atlantic salmon shows substantial life cycle plasticity, which also applies to the timing of puberty. While it is characterized by the activation of the brain–pituitary–gonad axis, many morphophysiological aspects of puberty and the influence of environmental conditions, such as water salinity, are not well understood in fish. Here, 12-month-old Atlantic salmon coming from an out-of-season smoltification regime in December were exposed to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) at 16 °C to stimulate puberty under a 24-h constant light (LL) or 12 h light:12 h darkness (LD) photoperiod. These four treatment groups (FWLL, SWLL, FWLD, and SWLD) were studied from January to March. Next to 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) plasma levels, the expression of pituitary genes (gnrhr4, fshb, and lhb) and spermatogenesis was quantified. When spermatogonial proliferation started, fshb mRNA levels increased steeply and began to decrease when spermatogonial mitosis approached completion and most germ cells had reached meiotic or post-meiotic stages. Conversely, lhb mRNA levels increased progressively during spermatogenesis. Most males in all treatment groups matured, but exposure to SW resulted in the strongest stimulation of the onset of spermatogenesis and elevation of pituitary gnrhr4 and fshb mRNA levels. Later on, the LD photoperiod accelerated, irrespective of the salinity, the completion of spermatogenesis, associated with higher lhb mRNA and 11-KT plasma levels than in the LL groups. We find that both salinity and photoperiod modulated different aspects of spermatogenesis, and resulted in a differential activation of pituitary and testis functions; SW stimulating the onset and the shorter photoperiod the completion of spermatogenesis.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE SEMINAL GLANDSIN THE DYNAMICS OF ACUTE INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1486-1490
Author(s):  
Olga I. Zalyubovska ◽  
Tetiana I. Tiupka ◽  
Victor V. Zlenko ◽  
Yulia N. Avidzba ◽  
Mycola I. Lytvynenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Type B ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Introduction: Negative demographic trends are often associated with high levels of infertility, including male. In the modern literature there are data on morphofunctional changes in various organs and tissues during inflammation of various origins, obtained in experiments on animals. At the same time, there are practically no studies on changes in the seminal glands in inflammation of different etiologies. The aim of this study is to identify the morphofunctional features of the seminal glands in the dynamics of acute infectious (staphylococcal) inflammation in rats. Materials and methods: Experimental studies were performed on 40 nonlinear male rats weighing 180-200 g. Microscopic and histochemical studies were performed on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day. Results: On the 7th day of staphylococcal inflammation, morphofunctional changes in the seminal glands were detected in rats in the form of a moderate rearrangement of the spermatogenic epithelium, which was manifested by a decrease in Sertoli cells and the number of type A light spermatogonia along with an increase in the number of type A dark spermatogonia and type B spermatogonia. The described changes were accompanied by a decrease in the metabolism of nucleoproteins in epithelial cells. On the 14th day, the morphological changes were characterized by a sharp decrease in Sertoli cells, the absence of type A light spermatogonia and an increase in the number of type A dark spermatogonia and type B spermatogonia. After 28 days, there is an increase in the number of tubules with the presence of type A light and dark spermatogonia, as well as single Sertoli cells, which indicates the restoration of the morphofunctional state of the seminal glands. Conclusions: More pronounced compensatory-adaptive processes in the seminal glands occur within a period of 28 days from the start of modeling of staphylococcal inflammation. The latter is confirmed by the appearance of various shapes and sizes of tubules with restored spermatogenic epithelium of various stages of development. The presence of type A light and dark spermatogonia indicates the reserve capacity of the seminal glands.

Plasma levels of metalloproteinases-9 and -2 in the acute and subacute phases of type A and type B aortic dissection

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sangiorgi ◽  
Santi Trimarchi ◽  
Alessandro Mauriello ◽  
Paolo Righini ◽  
Eduardo Bossone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type B Aortic Dissection

TWO TYPES OF SERTOLI CELLS IN MAN

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend G. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type B ◽  
Iron Alum ◽  
Haematoxylin Staining

ABSTRACT By means of iron haematoxylin staining carefully differentiated by either picric acid or iron alum, Sertoli cells may be differentiated into two types, one (type A) containing unstained nuclei and the other (type B) intensely stained nuclei. No intermediate forms appear to be present. The two types are most easily found in the Sertoli-cell-only syndrome but they are present in the testes with spermatogenesis although type B is rare. The immature (pro-) Sertoli cells in infantile testes also display the two types. The two types of Sertoli cells differ in their degree of binding between nucleic acids and nucleic protein. The significance of the existence of these two types is discussed.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Stimulates the Proliferation of Sertoli Cells and Single Type A Spermatogonia in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Testis

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365-4376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. V. S. Morais ◽  
R. H. Nóbrega ◽  
N. E. Gómez-González ◽  
R. Schmidt ◽  
J. Bogerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Type A ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Androgen Sensitivity

Thyroid hormones participate in regulating growth and homeostatic processes in vertebrates, including development and adult functioning of the reproductive system. Here we report a new stimulatory role of thyroid hormone on the proliferation of Sertoli cells (SCs) and single, type A undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aund) in adult zebrafish testes. A role for T3 in zebrafish testis is suggested by in situ hybridization studies, which localized thyroid receptor α (thrα) in SCs and the β (thrβ) mRNA in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Using a primary zebrafish testis tissue culture system, the effect of T3 on steroid release, spermatogenesis, and the expression of selected genes was evaluated. Basal steroid release and Leydig cell gene expression did not change in response to T3. However, in the presence of FSH, T3 potentiated gonadotropin-stimulated androgen release as well as androgen receptor (ar) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (cyp17a1) gene expression. Moreover, T3 alone stimulated the proliferation of both SCs and Aund, potentially resulting in newly formed spermatogonial cysts. Additional tissue culture studies demonstrated that Igf3, a new, gonad-specific member of the IGF family, mediated the stimulatory effect of T3 on the proliferation of Aund and SCs. Finally, T3 induced changes in connexin 43 mRNA levels in the testis, a known T3-responsive gene. Taken together, our studies suggest that T3 expands the population of SCs and Aund involving Igf signaling and potentiates gonadotropin-stimulated testicular androgen production as well as androgen sensitivity.

scholarly journals Spermatogenic cells of the prepuberal mouse: isolation and morphological characterization

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Bellve ◽  
JC Cavicchia ◽  
CF Millette ◽  
DA O'Brien ◽  
YM Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Type B ◽  
Primitive Type ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Type A Spermatogonia

A procedure is described which permits the isolation from the prepuberal mouse testis of highly purified populations of primitive type A spermatogonia, type A spermatogonia, type B spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes, leptotene and zygotene primary spermatocytes, pachytene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The successful isolation of these prepuberal cell types was accomplished by: (a) defining distinctive morphological characteristics of the cells, (b) determining the temporal appearance of spermatogenic cells during prepuberal development, (c) isolating purified seminiferous cords, after dissociation of the testis with collagenase, (d) separating the trypsin-dispersed seminiferous cells by sedimentation velocity at unit gravity, and (e) assessing the identity and purity of the isolated cell types by microscopy. The seminiferous epithelium from day 6 animals contains only primitive type A spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Type A and type B spermatogonia are present by day 8. At day 10, meiotic prophase is initiated, with the germ cells reaching the early and late pachytene stages by 14 and 18, respectively. Secondary spermatocytes and haploid spermatids appear throughout this developmental period. The purity and optimum day for the recovery of specific cell types are as follows: day 6, Sertoli cells (purity>99 percent) and primitive type A spermatogonia (90 percent); day 8, type A spermatogonia (91 percent) and type B spermatogonia (76 percent); day 18, preleptotene spermatocytes (93 percent), leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes (52 percent), and pachytene spermatocytes (89 percent), leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes (52 percent), and pachytene spermatocytes (89 percent).

scholarly journals Gdnf, a germ cell-derived factor, regulates zebrafish germ cell stemness through the creation of new spermatogonial niches (germ and Sertoli cells) and inhibition of spermatogonial differentiation in an autocrine and paracrine manners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Doretto ◽  
Arno J. Butzge ◽  
Rafael T. Nakajima ◽  
Emanuel R.M. Martinez ◽  
Beatriz Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor (GDNF Family Receptor α1 - GFRα1) are well known to mediate spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferation and survival in the mammalian testes. In nonmammalian species, Gdnf and Gfrα1 orthologs have been found but their functions remain poorly investigated in the testis. Considering this background, this study aimed to understand the roles of Gdnf-Gfrα1 signaling pathway in the zebrafish testis by combining in vivo, in silico and ex vivo approaches. Our analysis showed that zebrafish exhibited two paralogs of Gndf (gdnfa and gdnfb) and its receptor, Gfrα1 (gfrα1a and gfrα1b), in agreement with the teleost-specific third round (3R) of whole genome duplication. Expression analysis further revealed that gdnfa and gfrα1a were the most expressed copies in the zebrafish adult testes. Subsequently, we demonstrated that gdnfa is expressed in the germ cells, while Gfrα1a was detected in early spermatogonia (mainly in types Aund and Adiff) and Sertoli cells. Functional ex vivo analysis showed that Gdnf promoted the creation of new available niches by stimulating proliferation of both type Aund spermatogonia and their surrounding Sertoli cells, but without changing pou5f3 mRNA levels. Strikingly, Gdnf also inhibited late spermatogonial differentiation as shown by the decrease of type B spermatogonia and down-regulation of dazl in the co-treatment with Fsh. Altogether, our data revealed for the first time that a germ cell-derived factor is associated with maintaining germ cell stemness through the creation of new available niches, supporting development of differentiating spermatogonial cysts and inhibiting late spermatogonial differentiation in autocrine and paracrine manners.

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

Anticoagulant Activity of β2-Glycoprotein I Is Potentiated by a Distinct Subgroup of Anticardiolipin Antibodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Galli ◽  
Paul Comfurius ◽  
Tiziano Barbui ◽  
Robert F A Zwaal ◽  
Edouard M Bevers
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Type A ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type B ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryPlasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study.Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma.These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using β2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of β2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of β2-GPI.Since β2-GPI binds to negatively-charged phospholipids and impedes the conversion of prothrombin by the factor Xa/Va enzyme complex (Nimpf et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 884: 142–9), comparison was made of the effect of aCL-type A and aCL-type B antibodies on the rate of thrombin formation in the presence and absence of β2-GPI. This was measured in a system containing highly purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin and lipid vesicles composed of 20 mole% phosphatidylserine and 80 mole% phosphatidylcholine. No inhibition on the rate of thrombin formation was observed with both types of aCL antibodies when either β2-GPI or the lipid vesicles were omitted. Addition of β2-GPI to the prothrombinase assay in the presence of lipid vesicles causes a time-dependent inhibition which was not affected by the presence of aCL-type B or non-specific IgG. In contrast, the presence of aCL-type A antibodies dramatically increased the anticoagulant effect of β2-GPI. These data indicate that the anticoagulant activity of aCL-type A antibodies in plasma is mediated by β2-GPI.

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