scholarly journals THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN MOZAMBIQUE

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIBUSISO NHLENGETHWA ◽  
GREENWELL MATCHAYA ◽  
PIUS CHILONDA
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Sector Performance

This paper sets out to analyse and present trends in agriculture sector performance in Mozambique for the period 2000 – 2013 (with particular attention paid to the last three to four years of the said period). In the quest to attain this aim the paper empirically focuses on the significance of charting the performance of the sector against the baseline sectoral performance targets enlisted in the PNISA, CAADP Framework and SADC RISDP. There are ten key performance indicators that the paper delves ascertain the performance of the agriculture sector. The performance of this sector is pivotal because in Mozambique the agriculture sector is vital for economic development (contributes more than 20% to the GDP) also in meeting the Millennium Development Goal I (MDG I). The trend analysis led to the following main findings; the growth in agricultural GDP and the annual GDP growth of the country surpassed the CAADP target of 6% annual growth despite the fact that Government of Mozambique has vehemently failed to substantially invest in the agriculture sector to meet the CAADP 10% target of the total budget to agriculture. Agriculture productivity (land and labour productivity) in Mozambique is quite low, it is even lower than the average of the Low-Income countries in the region henceforth, the country has however been struggling to meet the agriculture production performance indicators. This is noted by the country's failure to meet both the SADC RISDP and Abuja Declaration fertilizer use targets of 50kg/ha and 65kg/ha respectively and the failure to meet the SADC RISDP irrigation target of doubling the area under irrigation to 7%. Consequently the country has failed to meet the SADC RISDP cereal production target of 2000kg/ha. The analysis also depict that the country has failed to meet the SADC RISDP livestock annual growth target of 4%. The implications of these failures have a significant bearing on the country's battle to offset poverty; the country's GHI is still alarming and the proportion of the population below the minimum dietary energy consumption is still high (41% on average) whilst the MDG I target stands at 28%. The major deduction from these findings is that there is a need for more concerted efforts in Mozambique to increase and refine agricultural growth investments; this can be carried out efficiently operationalising the PNISA to achieve the PEDSA, SADC RISDP and CAADP objectives. 

scholarly journals Face and content validity of a prospective multidimensional performance instrument for service delivery in district health systems in low-income countries: a Delphi study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Elias Ali Yesuf ◽  
Eva Grill ◽  
Günter Fröschl ◽  
Damen Haile-Mariam ◽  
Daniela Koller
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
District Health ◽  
District Health Systems ◽  
The Face ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract Background Valid performance indicators help to track and improve health services. The aim of this study was to test the face and content validity of a set of performance indicators for service delivery in district health systems of low-income countries. Methods A Delphi method with three stages was used. A panel of experts voted (yes vs no) on the face value of performance indicators. Agreement on the inclusion of indicators was a score of >75% and ≥50% during stages one and two, respectively. During stage three, indicators with a mean score of ≥3.8 on a five-point scale were included. The panel also rated the content validity of the overall set of indicators. Results The panel agreed on the face value of 59 out of 238 performance indicators. Agreement on the content validity of the set of indicators reached 100%. Most of the retained indicators were related to the capacity of health facilities, the quality of maternal and child health services and HIV care and treatment. Conclusions Policymakers in low-income countries could use a set of performance indicators with modest face and high content validity, and mainly aspects of capacity and quality to improve health service delivery in districts.

scholarly journals Does urban concentration matter for changes in country economic performance?

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802199892
Author(s):  
Roberto Ganau ◽  
Andrés Rodríguez-Pose
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban Concentration

This paper uses a novel, globally harmonised city-level data set – with cities defined at the Functional Urban Area (FUA) level – to revisit the link between urban concentration and country-level economic dynamics. The empirical analysis, involving 108 low- and high-income countries, examines how differences in urban concentration impinge on changes in employment, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and labour productivity at country level over the period 2000–2016. The results indicate that urban concentration reduces employment growth but increases GDP per capita and labour productivity growth. The returns of urban concentration are higher for high- than for low-income countries and are mainly driven by the ‘core’ of FUAs, rather than by suburban areas.

Conditions of Agricultural Growth in Developing Countries (Invited Lecture)

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4I) ◽  
pp. 451-472
Author(s):  
Hans-Bernd Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Food Imports

Economic development is hardly possible without an increase in agricultural production. This holds especially true for the development of industry and other non-agricultural sectors. How else should a rapidly increasing population outside the agricultural sector be maintained with necessary agricultural goods? Though this is a simple truth agricultural production, especially food production increase has been far from satisfactory in many developing countries. Between 1974-76 and 1982-84 per capita food production in industrialized countries increased at a much higher rate than in developing countries and in almost 50 developing countries it has even declined during the same period. 1 Many developing countries are now heavily dependent on food imports to sustain their urban population, though they have comparative advantages to produce agricultural products. How is this defect to be explained? Technical reasons are not prevailing. Though only in Africa and South America unused arable land is available to a large extent but not in Asia, it would be possible to dramatically increase agricultural production by introducing new seed varieties, chemical fertilizer and irrigation. The main factors to hamper agricultural growth are political, social and economic. T. H. Schultz wrote in 1978: "What is needed are many Green Revolutions that would increase agricultural production throughout low income countries. They could be had, but they are presently suppressed by the lack of adequate incentives."2 In many developing countries the farm sector is exploited by the urban sector and a stream of agricultural surplus is channelled out of the farm sector to feed the nonagricultural population. Very often the prices of farm products are artificially held down.

scholarly journals Identification of relevant performance indicators for district healthcare systems in Ethiopia: a systematic review and expert opinion

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Elias Ali Yesuf ◽  
Mirkuzie Woldie ◽  
Damen Haile-Mariam ◽  
Daniela Koller ◽  
Gönter Früschl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Treatment Rate

Abstract Purpose To identify potential performance indicators relevant for district healthcare systems of Ethiopia. Data sources Public Library of Medicine and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the United States of America, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Library and Google Scholar were searched. Study selection Expert opinions, policy documents, literature reviews, process evaluations and observational studies published between 1990 and 2015 were considered for inclusion. Participants were national- and local-healthcare systems. The phenomenon of interest was the performance of healthcare systems. The Joanna Briggs Institute tools were adapted and used for critical appraisal of records. Data extraction Indicators of performance were extracted from included records and summarized in a narrative form. Then, experts rated the relevance of the indicators. Relevance of an indicator is its agreement with priority health objectives at the national and district level in Ethiopia. Results of data synthesis A total of 11 206 titles were identified. Finally, 22 full text records were qualitatively synthesized. Experts rated 39 out of 152 (25.7%) performance indicators identified from the literature to be relevant for district healthcare systems in Ethiopia. For example, access to primary healthcare, tuberculosis (TB) treatment rate and infant mortality rate were found to be relevant. Conclusion Decision-makers in Ethiopia and potentially in other low-income countries can use multiple relevant indicators to measure the performance of district healthcare systems. Further research is needed to test the validity of the indicators.

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

Abdominal Textiloma Mimicking as Left Colic Tumour: A Postoperative Complication Still Common in Low-Income Countries

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Safety Rules

Retained foreign bodies have become very rare in countries where the safety rules in the operating theatre are very rigorous and follow precise guidelines. There are low-income countries where hospital structures are precarious, in which the implementation of surgical safety rules has only been effective recently. Surgical teams in these countries are not yet well trained in the observance of the guidelines concerning swab count, meaning that textilomas are not uncommon. Abdominal textiloma may be asymptomatic, or present serious gastrointestinal complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, or fistula formation because of misdiagnosis. It may mimic abscess formation in the early stage or soft tissue masses in the chronic stage. This case report presents a 27-year-old female who underwent an emergency laparotomy in a rural surgical centre for an ectopic pregnancy. Two months later, a swelling had appeared on the left side of her abdomen, gradually increasing in size, which was not very painful but caused digestive discomfort and asthenia. Intermittent fever was described and treated with antibiotics. The patient was referred to a better equipped centre to benefit from a CT scan. A textiloma was strongly suspected on the CT but a left colic mass was not excluded. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of textiloma and the postoperative course was uneventful. Prevention rules must be strengthened in these countries where patients can hardly bear the costs of iterative surgeries for complications that are avoidable.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Audu Onyemocho ◽  
Agwa Moses ◽  
Aboh Kisani ◽  
Omole Namben Victoria ◽  
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

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