scholarly journals Influence of Amylose Starch on Development and Lifespan of Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Abrat
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Starch Fraction

Last years, the concept of resistant starch (RS) has evoked a new interest in researchersin the context of bioavailability of starch and its use as a source of dietary fiber. Based on clinicaland animal research, RS has been proposed to be the most potentially beneficial starch fraction forhuman health. In this study, the effects of amylose starch as a fraction of RS on development andlifespan of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. In both Canton S and w1118 strains, thediet with 20% amylose RS delayed fly development, increased triacylglyceride level in the body ofadult insects and reduced their lifespan compared to the diet with 4% amylose starch. Thus, ourdata clearly demonstrate that amylose starch at high concentrations may negatively affect fruit fly

scholarly journals Impact of 2.45 GHz Microwave Irradiation on the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Aya Yanagawa ◽  
Masatoshi Tomaru ◽  
Atsushi Kajiwara ◽  
Hiroki Nakajima ◽  
Elie Desmond-Le Quemener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Alterations

The physiological and behavioral influences of 2.45 GHz microwaves on Drosophila melanogaster were examined. Standing waves transitioned into heat energy effectively when passing through the insect body. On the contrary, travelling waves did not transit into heat energy in the insect body. This indicated that there was no concern regarding the thermal effects of microwave irradiation for levels of daily usage. However, we detected genotoxicity and behavioral alterations associated with travelling wave irradiation, which can be attributed to the non-thermal effects of the waves. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that fruit flies possessed paramagnetic substances in the body such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and organic radicals. The temperature dependent intensities of these paramagnetic substances indicated that females possessed more of the components susceptible to electromagnetic waves than males, and the behavioral tests supported the differences between the sexes.

scholarly journals Specification and Patterning of Drosophila Appendages

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Ruiz-Losada ◽  
David Blom-Dahl ◽  
Sergio Córdoba ◽  
Carlos Estella
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Environment Exploration ◽  
Larva Development

Appendages are external projections of the body that serve the animal for locomotion, feeding, or environment exploration. The appendages of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are derived from the imaginal discs, epithelial sac-like structures specified in the embryo that grow and pattern during larva development. In the last decades, genetic and developmental studies in the fruit fly have provided extensive knowledge regarding the mechanisms that direct the formation of the appendages. Importantly, many of the signaling pathways and patterning genes identified and characterized in Drosophila have similar functions during vertebrate appendage development. In this review, we will summarize the genetic and molecular mechanisms that lead to the specification of appendage primordia in the embryo and their posterior patterning during imaginal disc development. The identification of the regulatory logic underlying appendage specification in Drosophila suggests that the evolutionary origin of the insect wing is, in part, related to the development of ventral appendages.

scholarly journals Tweedle proteins form extracellular two-dimensional structures defining body and cell shape in Drosophila melanogaster

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 200214
Author(s):  
Renata Zuber ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Nicole Gehring ◽  
Slawomir Bartoszewski ◽  
Bernard Moussian
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Elongation

Tissue function and shape rely on the organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the respective cells. Our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is limited. Here, we show that extracellular Tweedle (Twdl) proteins in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster form two adjacent two-dimensional sheets underneath the cuticle surface and above a distinct layer of dityrosinylated and probably elastic proteins enwrapping the whole body. Dominant mutations in twdl genes cause ectopic spherical aggregation of Twdl proteins that recruit dityrosinylated proteins at their periphery within lower cuticle regions. These aggregates perturb parallel ridges at the surface of epidermal cells that have been demonstrated to be crucial for body shaping. In one scenario, hence, this disorientation of epidermal ridges may explain the squatty phenotype of Twdl mutant larvae. In an alternative scenario, this phenotype may be due to the depletion of the dityrosinylated and elastic layer, and the consequent weakening of cuticle resistance against the internal hydrostatic pressure. According to Barlow's formula describing the distribution of internal pressure forces in pipes in dependence of pipe wall material properties, it follows that this reduction in turn causes lateral expansion at the expense of the antero-posterior elongation of the body.

scholarly journals Visualization of endogenous gut bacteria in Drosophila melanogaster using fluorescence in situ hybridization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247376
Author(s):  
Irfan Akhtar ◽  
Fiona A. Stewart ◽  
Anna Härle ◽  
Andrea Droste ◽  
Mathias Beller
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Body

All metazoans are colonized by a complex and diverse set of microorganisms. The microbes colonize all parts of the body and are especially abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, where they constitute the gut microbiome. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster turned out to be an exquisite model organism to functionally test the importance of an intact gut microbiome. Still, however, fundamental questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unknown whether a fine-tuned regionalization of the gut microbiome exists and how such a spatial organization could be established. In order to pave the way for answering this question, we generated an optimized and adapted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol. We focused on the detection of the two major Drosophila gut microbiome constituting bacteria genera: Acetobacter and Lactobacillus. FISH allows to detect the bacteria in situ and thus to investigate their spatial localization in respect to the host as well as to other microbiome members. We demonstrate the applicability of the protocol using a diverse set of sample types.

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL RICE WITH SEAWEED Eucheuma cottonii ADDITION AS A DIETARY FIBER SOURCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Prodiana Setiawati ◽  
Joko Santoso ◽  
Sri Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

The utilization of local food commodities such as corn and cassava with seaweed addition as a dietary fiber source for producing artificial rice through extrusion technology is an  alternative for food diversification. The research was carried out to find out the best composition (rice, corn, cassava, and seaweed) and temperature of extrusion process on making artificial rice and the influence of dietary fibre on sensory properties and physicochemical. The composition of rice, corn, and cassava in proportion  of 1:3:1 with 20% seaweed, Eucheuma cottonii, addition and temperature extruder of 90 °C were selected as the best product for artificial rice. The  sensory evaluation was 8.02±0.21 (people’s preference). In physicochemical properties, dietary fiber significantly affected on low bulk density and starch digestibility. This condition is very good for health especially in maintaining the stability of blood glucose in the body. Keywords: artificial rice, composition, extrusion, seaweed, dietary fibre, temperature

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Collagen-Based Electrospun Materials for Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Britani N. Blackstone ◽  
Summer C. Gallentine ◽  
Heather M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Increased Strength

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in organs and tissues throughout the body and is used for many tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of collagen can produce scaffolds in a wide variety of shapes, fiber diameters and porosities to match that of the native ECM. This systematic review aims to pool data from available manuscripts on electrospun collagen and tissue engineering to provide insight into the connection between source material, solvent, crosslinking method and functional outcomes. D-banding was most often observed in electrospun collagen formed using collagen type I isolated from calfskin, often isolated within the laboratory, with short solution solubilization times. All physical and chemical methods of crosslinking utilized imparted resistance to degradation and increased strength. Cytotoxicity was observed at high concentrations of crosslinking agents and when abbreviated rinsing protocols were utilized. Collagen and collagen-based scaffolds were capable of forming engineered tissues in vitro and in vivo with high similarity to the native structures.

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