El efecto agudo de diferentes tipos de estiramiento sobre la altura de salto de gimnastas: revisión sistemática

Objetivo: El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tipos de estiramiento sobre la altura de salto de gimnastas. Metodología: Se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, E-Journals, Fuente Académica Premier, International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text y PsycARTICLES) y Pubmed. Se utilizó la siguiente frase bolena: (stretch OR static stretch OR dynamic stretch OR ballistic stretch OR proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) AND (jumping OR vertical jump OR countermovement jump OR explosive strength OR performance) AND (gymnasts OR gymnastics). Se establecieron los siguientes criterios de elegibilidad: Que posea un diseño experimental, cuasiexperimental o preexperimental. Que la muestra sea de gimnastas. Explicación de metodología clara. Buena descripción del método de estiramiento aplicado. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 10 estudios individuales, la muestra total entre esa cantidad de estudios fue de 226 sujetos y, la cantidad de intervenciones fue de 16. El 75 % de las intervenciones tuvo un efecto no significativo (p>.05), mientras que el otro 25 % tuvo un efecto significativo (p<.05*) sobre la altura de salto. Ese porcentaje de efectos significativos corresponde a dos aumentos y dos disminuciones de la altura de salto. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las intervenciones indica que la altura de salto de gimnastas no se ve afectada por los diferentes tipos de estiramiento (sólo el 12.5 % de las intervenciones refutan esta afirmación), incluso, dos intervenciones mostraron aumentos de la capacidad de salto durante un tiempo determinado.

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Explosive Strength of Lower Limbs in 10 – 12 Years Old Athletes of Individual Sports

Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.2478/afepuc-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 94-104

Author(s):

Daniela Leütterová ◽

Petra Tomková ◽

Dalibor Dzugas ◽

Peter Kačúr ◽

Pablo Prieto Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Statistical Characteristics ◽

Strength Development ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Jump Test ◽

Student’S T ◽

Individual Sports

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the levels of lower limb explosive strength of girls in different sport specialization. The sample consisted of 24 girls in aerobic gymnastics (n = 12) and athletic (n = 12) aged 10 to 12 years. To assess the levels of girls’ lower limbs explosive strength, we administered the following tests: countermovement jump test, countermovement jump with free arms test, squat jump test, 10-seconds repetitive jumping test. Testing sessions took place in September 2019. To obtain data about the levels of lower limbs explosive strength, we recorded step height (cm) and duration of the flight phase (s). Data about the lower limbs explosive strength were collected using the Optogait system for optical detection. We applied basic statistical characteristics, namely Student’s t-test and multivariate linear regression. There were no significant differences between girls in aerobic gymnastics and athletics. We recorded better test results in the group of girl’s athletes in the countermovement jump, countermovement jump with free arms and squat jump. In the group of girl’s involved in aerobic gymnastics, we recorded better results in the 10-second repetitive vertical jumping and vertical jump strength. According to the collected data, we may conclude that the training process of the selected girls in terms of explosive strength development is significantly different. Girls involved in aerobic gymnastics showed a higher level of performance in the 10-second vertical jump, which results from the structure of sport specificity.

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Changes in Spinal-Reflex Excitability during Static Stretch and/or Explosive Contraction

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11062830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2830

Author(s):

Kyeong Eun Min ◽

YongSuk Lee ◽

Jihong Park

Keyword(s):

Motor Response ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Spinal Reflex ◽

Static Stretch ◽

Young Males ◽

Reflex Excitability ◽

Contraction Condition ◽

Exercise Activity ◽

Point Condition ◽

The Right

To examine individual or combined effects of static stretch and explosive contraction on quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability (the peak Hoffmann’s reflex normalized by the peak motor-response) and the latency times of the Hoffmann’s reflex and motor-response. Fourteen healthy young males randomly experienced four conditions (stretch, contraction, stretch + contraction, and control—no intervention). For the stretch condition, three sets of a 30 s hold using the modified Thomas test on each leg were performed. For the contraction condition, three trials of maximal countermovement vertical jump were performed. Quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability and the latent period of each value on the right leg were compared at pre- and post-condition. All measurement values across conditions were not changed at any time point (condition × time) in spinal-reflex excitability (F6,143 = 1.10, p = 0.36), Hoffmann’s reflex latency (F6,143 = 0.45, p = 0.84), motor-response latency (F6,143 = 0.37, p = 0.90), and vertical jump heights (F2,65 = 1.82, p = 0.17). A statistical trend was observed in the contraction condition that spinal-reflex excitability was increased by 42% (effect size: 0.63). Neither static stretch nor explosive contraction changed the quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability, latency of Hoffmann’s reflex, and motor-response. Since our stretch protocol did not affect jumping performance and our contraction protocol induced the post-activation potentiation effect, either protocol could be used as pre-exercise activity.

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Evaluación de la factibilidad de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado en el desarrollo de fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas (Assessment of the feasibility of a combined training system in the development of explosive streng

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i39.80748 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 411-420

Author(s):

Lisbet Guillen Pereira ◽

Angel Freddy Rodriguez Torres ◽

Giovanny Capote Lavandero ◽

Pablo Anthony Rendón Morales ◽

María Elena Lagla Melendres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Training System ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Combined Training ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Post Test ◽

Explosive Force ◽

The Impact

La investigación se centró en evaluar el impacto de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado para desarrollar la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas, viene a reforzar el enfoque del desarrollo de la capacidad mediante una lógica metodológica que parte de la creación de las condiciones morfológicas y funcionales para asegurar la potenciación de una hipertrofia sarcoplasmática, como base del desarrollo de la hipertrofia sarcomérica y finalmente favorecer la conversión a potencia y el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva, en concordancia se transitó por un diagnóstico, elaboración y validación, utilizando convenientemente métodos y técnicas como: entrevista, encuesta, observación, la prueba, la medición, el criterios de experto, la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y el pre-experimento, este último con tres momentos (pre-test/ intervención de 16 semanas/ post-test), participaron 20 taekwondocas universitarios Categoría Sénior y dos entrenadores. Se consideró la evaluación de la fuerza máxima (1RM) de los planos musculares que intervienen directamente en las técnicas de pateo, por estar asociada con la calidad del reclutamiento de la fibras motoras; la evaluación de la fuerza explosiva se realizó mediante el test de salto vertical: Squat Jump (SJ) extraído del protocolo del test de Bosco, para ello fue necesario emplear una plataforma de contacto digital. Los datos se compararon mediante una prueba T de diferencias de medias, cuyos resultados mostraron cambios significativos (p= .000) entre el pre y post tratamiento, verificándose Hi, concluyendo que el sistema de entrenamiento combinado mejoró el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas. Summary: The research focused on assessing the impact of a combined training system to develop the explosive strength of the lower limbs of the taekwondoins. It wants to reinforce the approach of capacity development through a methodological logic that starts from the creation of morphological and functional conditions to ensure the enhancement of a sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, as a basis for the development of sarcomeric hypertrophy, and finally, favor the conversion to power and the development of the explosive force. At the same time, it went through a diagnosis, elaboration and data validation, using propper methods and techniques such as: interview, survey, observation, testing, measurement, expert criteria, descriptive and inferential statistics, and the pre-experiment. The last one with three stages (pre-test / 16-week intervention / post-test) Twenty senior category university taekwondoins and two coaches participated. The evaluation of the maximum force (1RM) of the muscular planes that directly influence in the kicking techniques was considered. As it was associated to the quality of motor fiber recruitment; The evaluation of the explosive force was performed using the vertical jump test: Squat Jump (SJ) extracted from the Bosco test protocol. For this, it was necessary to use a digital contact platform. The data were compared using a T-test, the results of which showed significant changes (p = .000) between the pre and post treatment, verifying Hi. Concluding that the combined training system improved the development of the explosive strength of the limbs lower of the taekwondoinst.

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VYRESNIO AMŽIAUS LIETUVOS GYVENTOJŲ GEROVĖS IR SVEIKATOS SĄSAJOS

Visuomenės sveikata ◽

10.5200/sm-hs.2017.055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Antanas Kairys ◽

Albinas Bagdonas ◽

Olga Zamalijeva

Keyword(s):

Full Text ◽

Academic Search

Tiek empiriniai tyrimai, tiek teorinės prielaidos rodo, kad gerovė yra sudėtingas, daugiamatis konstruktas. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad su gerove siejasi daugybė veiksnių, o tarp jų ypač svarbūs yra ir sveikatos veiksniai. Gerovės ir sveikatos tarpusavio ryšių tyrimą apsunkina tai, kad egzistuoja daug kitų kintamųjų, kurie gali keisti ryšio pobūdį. Iki šiol nėra aiškaus atsakymo, kaip kinta vyresnio amžiaus žmonių gerovė jų senėjimo eigoje, koks sveikatos veiksnių vaidmuo šiame kitime. Dar vienas svarbus tyrimų faktas – gerovė ir sąsajos tarp sveikatos ir gerovės gali priklausyti nuo šalies ar kultūros, todėl yra svarbu žinoti, kokie vyresnio amžiaus asmenų sveikatos ir gerovės sąsajų tyrimai atlikti Lietuvoje. Todėl tyrimo tikslas – naudojant sisteminės analizės metodą, išanalizuoti Lietuvoje atliktus vyresnio amžiaus asmenų sveikatos ir gerovės sąsajų tyrimus. Straipsnių paieška atlikta duomenų bazėse PsychInfo, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, SocINDEX with Full Text, ERIC, Science direct ir Lituanistika. Iš viso rasti 897 straipsniai. Remiantis pavadinimu, atrinkti 274 straipsniai, remiantis santrauka ir visu tekstu, galutinai analizėje liko 16 straipsnių. Analizuoti tyrimai rodo, kad sirgimas viena ar kita liga (vėžiu, Parkinsono liga, išemine širdies liga, reumatoidiniu artritu, kepenų ciroze ar šlapimo nelaikymu) yra susijęs su žemesne gerove. Taip pat yra įrodymų, kad ligai progresuojant, gerovė prastėja. Prastesnė gerovė siejasi ir su psichikos sveikatos problemomis. Analizuoti tyrimai pasižymi metodologiniais trūkumais – tyrimų dalyvių imčių reprezentatyvumo stoka, ribotais gerovės tyrimo instrumentais bei dažniausiai ribotu daugiamatės statistinės analizės taikymu. Atlikta sisteminė analizė leidžia teigti, kad Lietuvoje trūksta longitudinių, gyventojų struktūrą reprezentuojančių, lyginančių skirtingas sveikatos būkles skirtingomis gyvenimo aplinkybėmis, taikančių šiuolaikinius daugiamatės statistikos metodus, gerovės tyrimų.

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Funciones ejecutivas, conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática

Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas ◽

10.21134/haaj.v20i1.483 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 102-112

Author(s):

Mayra Mendoza-Armenta ◽

Carolina Valdez-Montero ◽

Martha Ofelia Valle-Solís ◽

Jesica Guadalupe Ahumada-Cortez ◽

Mario Enrique Gámez-Medina

Keyword(s):

Business News ◽

Revisión Sistemática ◽

Toma De Decisiones ◽

Conducta Sexual De Riesgo ◽

Academic Search

Objetivo. Identificar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible de la relación entre las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes. Método. Se realizó búsqueda en: Elsevier, Academic Search Complete (Ebsco), MedicLatina (Ebsco), Bussines Source Complete (Ebsco), Regional Business News (Ebsco) y Google Académico. Se utilizó los descriptores DeCs y MeSH y la lista de chequeo de Joanna Briggs Institute para la selección de los estudios. Resultados. Se eligieron ocho estudios. El 62.5% de los estudios abordaron las FE de manera general o algún(os) componente(s). El 37.5% de los estudios mostraron que a menor FE mayor conducta sexual de riesgo y uso de drogas. Conclusiones. Las FE es un constructo complejo y juega un papel importante en la regulación de la conducta, así como en la toma de decisiones y la atención de los adolescentes. Los hallazgos indican que las FE se relacionan con las conductas sexuales de riesgo, sin embargo, se encuentra una variedad en los resultados con respecto al consumo de drogas.

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Two Stretching Treatments for the Hamstrings: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Versus Kinesio Taping

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.22.1.59 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Che-Hsiu Chen ◽

Tsun-Shun Huang ◽

Huei-Ming Chai ◽

Mei-Hwa Jan ◽

Jiu-Jenq Lin

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Muscle Stiffness ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Static Stretch ◽

Kinesio Taping ◽

Negative Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽

Before And After

Context:Recent studies have shown that the static stretch (SS) may adversely affect leg-muscle performance.Objectives:The authors examined the short-term effects of 2 stretching exercises on hamstrings muscle before and after exercise.Design:Crossover.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:9 healthy, physically active men.Interventions:There were 3 protocols in a randomized order with a 7-d interval: nonstretching (CON protocol), hamstrings static stretching (SS) with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and SS with kinesio-taping application on the hamstrings.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measures included first-felt and maximum tolerant-felt range of motion (FROM and TROM), maximal knee-flexion peak torque (PT) at 180°/s, and hamstrings muscle stiffness.Results:Groups were not different at prestretching in terms of hamstrings flexibility, PT, and muscle stiffness. At poststretching, both stretching protocols showed significant increases in FROM and TROM (P < .05). Stiffer hamstrings muscle and decreased PT were found in both SS+PNF and CON protocols (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the SS+Taping protocol (P > .05).Conclusion:The stretching protocols improve hamstrings flexibility immediately, but after exercise hamstrings peak torque is diminished in the SS+PNF but not in the SS+Taping group. This means that SS+Taping can prevent negative results from exercise, which may prevent muscle injury.

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Training Load, Neuromuscular Readiness, and Perceptual Fatigue Profile in Youth Elite Long-Jump Athletes

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1034-1038

Author(s):

Alberto Franceschi ◽

Daniele Conte ◽

Marco Airale ◽

Jaime Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Training Load ◽

Track And Field ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Female Age ◽

Training Time ◽

Jump Test ◽

Long Jump

Purpose: To describe and identify individual trends and changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures in 2 youth elite long jumpers, finalists at the European Athletics U18 (Under 18) Championships (athlete A, female, age 16.5 y, long-jump record 6.25 m; athlete B, male, age 16.0 y, long-jump record 7.28 m). Methods: Data were collected from both training sessions and athletics competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (weeks 1–8) and a competitive phase (weeks 9–16). Training load was computed through training diaries (training time, sprint, jumping, and weights volume). The countermovement jump and the 10-to-5 repeated-jump test were executed on a weekly basis to assess neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures were collected through a wellness questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using a magnitude-based decisions approach. Results: The results highlighted a decrease in training load during the competitive period with moderate to large differences for training time, sprint, and jump volume. Moreover, data showed an upward trend and very likely higher scores in vertical-jump performance across the competitive phase together with a very likely lower perceptual fatigue. Conclusions: This scenario seemed to be favorable to achieve competition performance very close to the personal record during the competitive season. This study provided an example of application of a comprehensive monitoring system with young athletes involved in track-and-field jumping events.

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Short-Term Compound Training on Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8080108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Athos Trecroci ◽

Marco Duca ◽

Damiano Formenti ◽

Giampietro Alberti ◽

F. Marcello Iaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

The Other ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Short Term ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Compound Training ◽

Strength Exercises

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a five-week compound training (with strength and plyometric exercises performed on separate days) on sprint, change of direction, and vertical jump in young soccer players. Eighteen novices in strength and plyometric training were assigned to either a compound training (CMPT) or a control condition (CNT). Both groups trained three times per week. One session was dedicated to soccer-specific drills. The other two weekly sessions were dedicated to circuit-based training routines employing on one-day strength exercises and on the other day plyometric exercises in the CMPT group. At the same time, the CNT group performed two weekly soccer-specific training sessions. All players were tested by 15-m sprint, change-of-direction and acceleration test (CODAT), squat jump, and countermovement jump with arms swing tests. CMPT group improved CODAT, squat jump and countermovement jump to a higher extent compared to CNT group (large vs small or trivial effects, p < 0.05), while both groups had similar 15-m sprint performance (p > 0.05). These results support the use of compound training to improve change of direction and vertical jump performances in young novice soccer players, which are unfamiliar with structured and advanced strength and plyometric training.

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