Training Load, Neuromuscular Readiness, and Perceptual Fatigue Profile in Youth Elite Long-Jump Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038
Author(s):  
Alberto Franceschi ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Marco Airale ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose: To describe and identify individual trends and changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures in 2 youth elite long jumpers, finalists at the European Athletics U18 (Under 18) Championships (athlete A, female, age 16.5 y, long-jump record 6.25 m; athlete B, male, age 16.0 y, long-jump record 7.28 m). Methods: Data were collected from both training sessions and athletics competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (weeks 1–8) and a competitive phase (weeks 9–16). Training load was computed through training diaries (training time, sprint, jumping, and weights volume). The countermovement jump and the 10-to-5 repeated-jump test were executed on a weekly basis to assess neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures were collected through a wellness questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using a magnitude-based decisions approach. Results: The results highlighted a decrease in training load during the competitive period with moderate to large differences for training time, sprint, and jump volume. Moreover, data showed an upward trend and very likely higher scores in vertical-jump performance across the competitive phase together with a very likely lower perceptual fatigue. Conclusions: This scenario seemed to be favorable to achieve competition performance very close to the personal record during the competitive season. This study provided an example of application of a comprehensive monitoring system with young athletes involved in track-and-field jumping events.

scholarly journals Relationship between body composition, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test and vertical jump test in elite young soccer players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Akdoğan ◽  
Süleyman Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Regional Body Composition

Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the relationships among body composition, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery (IR) test and vertical jump test in elite young soccer players. Material and Methods: Eighteen healthy young male soccer players (Age: 16.5±0.3 years, height: 178.0±5.9 cm, body weight: 65.9±7.9kg,) voluntarily participated in the study. Total and regional body composition parameters of the soccer players were examined through a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Vertical jump performance tests were squat jump (SJ) and active jump (AJ), and endurance performances were determined by the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1). Relationships among body composition, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test and vertical jump test were analyzed with Pearson Correlation coefficient. Significance level was taken as ≤0.05. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was found between squat jump and countermovement jump (r=-0.588, r=-0.573, p<0.05), and the leg fat rate. However, there were no statistically significant relationship among squat jump, Yo-Yo IR1 and countermovement jump and other whole/regional body composition (p>0.05). Conclusion: Changes in body composition are important issues for the physical performance level of young soccer players, as local excess body fat may cause deterioration, especially in jumping performance.

scholarly journals The acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Onat Cetin ◽  
Ozkan Isik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises on sprint, agility and vertical jump performance. Twenty well trained male collegiate athletes (age = 20 ± 1.1 years; height = 178.3 ± 8.8 m; body weight = 72 ± 5.6 kg) volunteered for the study. All subjects completed two individual testing sessions on two non-consecutive days. On the first trial day, after 15 minutes of a simple dynamic warm-up, 30-m sprint test, Illinois agility test and countermovement jump test were performed at the control condition. On the second trial day addition to dynamic warm-up, subjects performed 6 hip mobility (6 min) exercises before tests. A paired samples t-test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.013) on sprint performance when comparing simple dynamic warm-up with a dynamic warm-up including hip mobility exercises. But no significant difference was found for agility (p = 0.071) and jump performances (p = 0.823). It can, therefore, be concluded that has a significant effect on sprinting performance whereas it has no significant effect on agility and vertical jump performance.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Maximum Strength and Vertical Jump Performance in Junior Speed Skaters

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Raluca Doina Ștef ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Maximal Isometric Force

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between back squat maximal strength, maximal isometric force, jump squat and countermovement jump and whether power training improves parameters mentioned above in well-trained speed skaters. Sixteen athletes devided in two groups, performed two maximal squat strength test and two vertical jump test before and after the intervention program. Absolute strength showed a strong correlation with squat jump height (r = 0.762, p < 0.001) and countermovement jump height (r = 0.760, p < 0.001) but also between maximal isometric force and squat jump (r = 0.418, p = 0.036). Percentage change within the experiment group were significantly different from pre to post intervention for each parameter tested in the order described, respectively: 14%; 16.8%; 14.9%; 9.1%. These results suggest that jump squat training can improve several athletic performances developing high levels of lower body strength to enhance jump performance.

scholarly journals Do differences between the training load perceived by elite beach volleyball players and that planned by coaches affect neuromuscular function? (¿Las diferencias entre la carga de entrenamiento percibida por los jugadores de voleibol de playa de élite y

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 632-636
Author(s):  
Ana Denise Andrade ◽  
Mário Simim ◽  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
José Manuel Palao ◽  
Karla De Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Previous Training

Summary. This study aimed to verify the differences between the training load planned by coaches and that perceived by Beach Volleyball (BV) players and observe the effects on athletes’ neuromuscular function. Three female BV players and well-known coaches participated in the research and were accompanied for three training weeks in the preseason phase. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected through the 0-10 scale during a previous training session. Strength, physical fitness and tactical-technical training have been assessed with coaches and athletes’ responses 30 minutes after the end of the session. RPE Session was calculated by the product between the training duration in minutes and RPE, to estimate Internal Training Load (ITL). Neuromuscular function was assessed through Countermovement Jump (CMJ). To verify differences between coaches and athletes’ responses and vertical jump performance were used either the magnitude of differences and clinical inference. Athletes experienced lower RPE and ITL as planned by coaches in the first week of training. CMJ increased substantially from the first to the third week (with likely differences (93/03/04), standardized difference = 1.60 and 90% confidence intervals = 0.00; 3.21). We suggest that training load planned by coaches similar to that perceived by athletes have a concomitant improvement with neuromuscular performance.Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las diferencias entre la carga de entrenamiento planificada por los entrenadores y la percibida por los jugadores de voleibol de playa (VP) y observar los efectos sobre la función neuromuscular de los atletas. Tres jugadoras de VP y entrenadores conocidos participaron en la investigación y fueron acompañadas durante tres semanas de entrenamiento en la fase de pretemporada. El valor nominal del esfuerzo percibido (NEP) se recolectó a través de la escala 0-10 durante una sesión de entrenamiento anterior. La fuerza, la forma física y el entrenamiento táctico-técnico se evaluaron con las respuestas de los entrenadores y atletas 30 minutos después del final de la sesión. El producto calculó la sesión de NEP entre la duración del entrenamiento en minutos y el NEP, para estimar la carga interna de entrenamiento (CIE). La función neuromuscular se evaluó mediante salto contramovimiento (SCM). Para verificar las diferencias entre los entrenadores y las respuestas de los atletas y el rendimiento del salto vertical, se utilizó la magnitud de las diferencias y la inferencia clínica. Los atletas experimentaron menos NEP e CIE que fueron planificados por los entrenadores en la primera semana de entrenamiento. SCM aumentó sustancialmente de la primera a la tercera semana (con diferencias probables (93/03/04), diferencia estandarizada = 1.60 e intervalos de confianza del 90% = 0.00; 3.21). Sugerimos que la carga de entrenamiento planificada por entrenadores similar a la percibida por los atletas tenga una mejora concomitante con el rendimiento neuromuscular.

scholarly journals Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscle and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (0) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teet Meerits ◽  
Sebastian Bacchieri ◽  
Mati Pääsuke ◽  
Jaan Ereline ◽  
Antonio Cicchella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Dynamic Stretching

scholarly journals Age-Related Decline in Vertical Jumping Performance in Masters Track and Field Athletes: Concomitant Influence of Body Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Mieszko Brikis ◽  
Phil Chilibeck ◽  
Petra Frings-Meuthen ◽  
Jose F. Vico Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Masters Athletes

Vertical jumping power declines with advancing age, which is theoretically explicable by loss of muscle mass and increases in body fat. However, the results of previous cross-sectional studies remain inconsistent on these relationships. The present study included 256 masters athletes who competed at the 2018 track and field world championships in Málaga, Spain. We assessed body composition with bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and vertical jumping power with a Leonardo ground reaction force platform. Relationships between age, jumping power, and body composition were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of each factor on vertical jumping power. Age-related rates of decreases in maximal power and jump height were similar between male and female athletes. Percent fat-free mass and percent body fat were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with age in masters athletes and were comparable to those previously observed in the general population. Moreover, these effects in body composition can, to a great extent, explain the age-related decline in jumping power, an effect that seems at least partly independent of age. Finally, the multiple regression model to determine independent predictors of vertical jump performance yielded an overall R2 value of 0.75 with the inclusion of (1) athletic specialization in power events, (2) percent fat-free mass, and (3) phase angle. However, partial regression yielded significant effects of age, but not gender, on peak power, even when adjusting for athletic specialization, percent fat-free mass, and phase angle. We concluded that loss of skeletal muscle mass and changes in bio-impedance phase angle are important contributors to the age-related reduction in anaerobic power, even in adults who maintain high levels of physical activity into old age. However, age per se remains a significant predictor of vertical jump performance, further demonstrating deteriorated muscle quality at old age (sarcosthenia).

scholarly journals Postactivation potentiation improves jumps performance in children ages 6 to 8 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
C Gerber ◽  
P Sirieiro ◽  
I Nasser ◽  
C Taber ◽  
H Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) in vertical and horizontal jump performance in pre-pubertal children. Material and method: One hundred and nineteen children (65 girls and 54 boys; 6.8 ± 0.7 years old; 124.5 ± 6.4 cm; 25.2 ± 5.1 kg) participated in this study. This was a transversal cross-sectional study which incorporated a within-subjects repeatedmeasures design, where participants completed all protocols. The experimental procedure required four total testing, separated by one week, using a counterbalanced. This study investigated jumping performance associated with weighted jumps, lowload vertical jumps, and horizontal jumps. During two sessions the participants performed vertical jumps with and without PAP, the other two sessions the same procedures were performed for horizontal jumps. The PAP protocol consisted of one set of five weighted countermovement jumps with low-load (10% of body mass) and a rest interval of four minutes prior to the jump tests. Paired t-tests were used between conditions (PAP and control) in the vertical jump and horizontal jump test. In addition, Cohen’s d effect size and 95% confidence interval was used. Results: Significant jump height was observed in the vertical jump in the PAP condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.007). Similar results were observed for the horizontal jump tests, with significant longer distance observed in the PAP condition (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Pre-pubertal children can benefit from the effects of PAP in vertical and horizontal jumping performance when preceded by low-load ballistic movements. A protocol implementing low-loads, determined by a relative percentage of body mass is effective to promote PAP for young children.

scholarly journals Impact of Official Matches on Soccer Referees’ Power Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Jesús Cámara
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Time To Stabilization

Abstract The evaluation of match officials’ neuromuscular performance is now an important consideration and the vertical jump test is considered suitable for assessing lower limb power, partly because it is directly related to refereeing. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the effect of soccer matches on match officials’ vertical jump performance by assessing various biomechanical variables. Eighteen field referees (FRs) and 36 assistant referees (ARs) who officiated in 18 official matches participated in this study. Before the match, at half time and immediately after the match, officials performed two countermovement jumps. Flight phase time (FT), maximum force production (MFpropulsion), time to production of maximum force (TMFpropulsion), production of maximum power (MP), maximum landing force (MFlanding) and time to stabilization (TTS) were calculated for all jumps. There was a tendency for match officials’ jumping performance to improve after matches than beforehand (FR: effect size (ES) = 0.19 ± 0.36, possibly trivial; AR: ES = 0.07 ± 0.17, likely trivial). There were also likely small and very likely moderate differences between FRs’ MP in pre-match and half-time jumps (ES = 0.46 ± 0.47) and in their pre- and post-match jumps (ES = 0.71 ± 0.48). These results indicate that refereeing soccer matches does not reduce vertical jump performance; the subsequent neuromuscular fatigue is not sufficient to affect landing technique.

Improvement of Long-Jump Performance During Competition Using a Plyometric Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽  
Athanasios Tsoukos ◽  
Panagiotis Veligekas
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Horizontal Velocity ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Approach Velocity ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
Maximal Effort

Purpose:To examine the acute effects of a conditioning plyometric exercise on long-jump performance during a simulated long-jump competition.Methods:Eight national-level track and field decathletes performed 6 long-jump attempts with a full approach run separated by 10-min recoveries. In the experimental condition subjects performed 3 rebound vertical jumps with maximal effort 3 min before the last 5 attempts, while the 1st attempt served as baseline. In the control condition the participants performed 6 long jumps without executing the conditioning exercise.Results:Compared with baseline, long-jump performance progressively increased only in the experimental condition, from 3.0%, or 17.5 cm, in the 3rd attempt (P = .046, d = 0.56), to 4.8%, or 28.2 cm, in the 6th attempt (P = .0001, d = 0.84). The improvement in long-jump performance was due to a gradual increase in vertical takeoff velocity from the 3rd (by 8.7%, P = .0001, d = 1.82) to the 6th jump (by 17.7%, P = .0001, d = 4.38). Horizontal-approach velocity, takeoff duration, and horizontal velocity at takeoff were similar at all long-jump attempts in both conditions (P = .80, P = .36, and P = .15, respectively).Conclusions:Long-jump performance progressively improved during a simulated competition when a plyometric conditioning exercise was executed 3 min before each attempt. This improvement was due to a progressive increase in vertical velocity of takeoff, while there was no effect on the horizontal velocity.

scholarly journals Relationships between Horizontal Drop Jump Test and Sprint Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Ahmed Attia ◽  
◽  
Zied Nèji ◽  
Néjiba Farhat ◽  
Aymen Khemiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Linear Regressions

Researchers and trainers are continually looking for determinants of soccer talent in the youngest and in the relationship between individual motor features relevant to this kind of sport. There is a fundamental consensus in the opinion that sprinting and jumping share a number of similar characteristics in soccer players. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of the studies has been conducted in adult and young athletes and there has yet to be an analysis with prepubescent male players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the standing long jump, the three-hop test and sprint performance in prepubescent male soccer players. Material and methods. This study comprised 112 prepubescent soccer players (aged 12.08±1.79 years; height: 154.35±12.50 cm; body mass 43.69±10.28 kg). They were assessed for a 30-m linear sprint with three split sprint times, standing long jump test and three-hop test. The associations and relationships between horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump with 0-5m, 10-m, 20-m and 30-m sprint times were investigated. Results and discussion. Correlations and linear regressions were assessed. There were weak and large associations between sprint and jump measures (r = -0.21 to -0.66; p <0.001). Linear regressions all included standing long jump as a predictor, but not three-hop test. There were no regression equations that would predict sprint times from triple hop distance that were significant. In their study of national team female athletes Agar-Newman and Klimstra, (2015) showed contradictory results. In their athletes, triple hop distance was a better predictor than standing long jump of both initial sprint speed, and maximal sprint speed. Thus, this area requires further research to better understand the mechanisms through which both sprint and jump performances are achieved in prepubescent male soccer players. Conclusion. Overall, the results of our study support the use of 30-m linear sprint and horizontal jump performance tests for prepubescent male soccer players. This research showed that sprint times correlated to horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump tests. It showed the utility of the standing long jump test to evaluate lower limb performance between prepubescent male soccer players

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