The influence of heat fluxes in the Barents Sea on the temperature regime of West Siberia in winter season

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Barents Sea

scholarly journals Distribution and seasonal dynamics of bacterioplankton along the westernborder of the Barents Sea.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-2020) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
M.P. Venger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Summer Maximum

The structural characteristics of bacterioplankton were studied in the waters of the Cape`s Nordkap (cut I) and Zuydkap (cut II) of Mezhvezhiy island. Its abundance and biomass in the upper part of the photic layer of coastal and Atlantic waters in cut I was comparable and increased from the late spring to the summer season. Moreover, in cuts I and II, the values of summer maximum corresponded to the zone of the Polar Front and adjacent Arctic waters. By the beginning of the winter season, the level of development of communities in waters of different genesis decreased everywhere, but still did not reach the minimum, observed insummer in layers deeper than 200 m. The structure of bacterioplankton was determined by single cells of the smallest size, mainly of a cocci-form. The arrival of rod-shaped bacteria (contribution to the total biomass could reach 50%) was recorded in the summer period.

Regularities and features of ice conditions of the Barents Sea in the second half of XX – early XXI century

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
I.O. Dumanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Quantitative Changes

The warming of the Arctic, especially intensified at the beginning of the XXI century, is accompanied by a significant decrease in the area of ice cover in the Arctic seas. The article shows the quantitative changes in the ice parameters of the Barents Sea, as well as factors affecting the formation of ice cover in recent years. In the twenty-first century the frequency of occurrence of mild winters has increased by 17%, the frequency of severe winters has decreased by 19%. Significantly increased the temperature at the meteorological station Malye Karmakuly, water temperature at transect "Kola Meridian", atmospheric and oceanic heat fluxes, and speed of sea currents on the Western border of the Barents sea. The duration of the ice period decreased by an average of 2–3 weeks, and the rate of reduction of ice cover was 7.2% for 10 years. This is the highest speed compared to other Arctic seas. The article shows that the variability of the ice cover of the Barents Sea and other parameters of the natural environment in the region has the cyclic character. Presumably, the cycle period is close to 84 years, which corresponds to the orbital period of Uranium. The minimum sea ice extent after 1935–1945 is expected in the period 2019–2029.

Marine Operation Windows Offshore Norway

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarte O. Kvamme ◽  
Adekunle P. Orimolade ◽  
Sverre K. Haver ◽  
Ove T. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Buoy Measurements

A study of the wave conditions in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea is presented in this paper. For each region, one reference location for which there are buoy measurements is selected. For the selected locations, WAM10 hindcast data are obtained from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway). The hindcast data for each location cover the period from 1957 to 2014. First, the hindcast datasets were validated against available buoy measurements — both for extreme value predictions and for application of hindcast data for planning of marine operations. The validation was carried out considering the winter season and the summer season separately. For each season, the datasets for two consecutive months were used. A comparison of the time-series of the hindcast datasets against the buoy measurements showed that the hindcast datasets compared relatively well with the buoy measurements. However, a comparison of the statistical parameters of the hindcast datasets against the buoy measurements showed that the hindcast datasets are slightly conservative in the estimate of the significant wave height for the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea. Overall, the data compared well, and the hindcast datasets are therefore considered in the following analysis. Hindcast data from these 57 years show that the wave conditions in the selected Norwegian Sea location is harsher than the wave conditions in both the North Sea and the Barents Sea locations. This is in agreement with the general expected spatial trend in the wave climate on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). It was also observed that the wave conditions in the selected Barents Sea location are harsher than the wave conditions in the North Sea. These findings are also reflected in the NORSOK N-003 standard on “Actions and Action effects” (NORSOK, 2015). The weather windows for weather-sensitive marine operations, that is, operations with operational reference period not exceeding 72 hours, were established from the hindcast dataset for each of the locations. It was observed that the Norwegian Sea has shorter weather windows, especially in the winter seasons, compared to both the Barents Sea and the North Sea. It was expected that the operational windows would be shorter in the winter seasons in the Barents Sea, due to the occurrence of polar lows. However, the polar lows are few and cause more concern related to forecasting of the weather conditions to start actual marine operations. Generally, the month with the highest probability of weather windows exceeding 72 hours was found to be July for all three locations.

scholarly journals Sea waves impact on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Anna Shestakova ◽  
Dmitry Chechin
Keyword(s):  
Roughness Length ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Turbulent Heat Fluxes ◽  
Cold Air Outbreaks

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea. The COARE algorithm, meteorological data from reanalysis and wave data from the WW3 wave model results were used. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the modified Charnock parameterization for the roughness length and several parameterizations, which explicitly account for the sea waves parameters. A catalog of storm wave events and a catalog of extreme cold-air outbreaks over the Barents Sea were created and used to calculate heat fluxes during extreme events. The important role of cold-air outbreaks in the energy exchange of the Barents Sea and the atmosphere is demonstrated. A high correlation was found between the number of cold-air outbreaks days and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat, as well as with the net flux of long-wave radiation averaged over the ice-free surface of the Barents Sea during a cold season. The differences in the long-term mean values of heat fluxes calculated using different parameterizations for the roughness length are small and are on average 1–3 % of the flux magnitude. Parameterizations of Taylor and Yelland and Oost et al. on average lead to an increase of the magnitude of the fluxes, and the parameterization of Drennan et al. leads to a decrease of the magnitude of the fluxes over the entire sea compared to the Charnock parameterization. The magnitude of heat fluxes and their differences during the storm wave events exceed the mean values by a factor of 2. However, the effect of explicit accounting for the wave parameters is, on average, small and multidirectional, depending on the used parameterization for the roughness length. In the climatic aspect, it can be argued that the explicit accounting for sea waves in the calculations of heat fluxes can be neglected. However, during the simultaneously observed storm waves and cold-air outbreaks, the sensitivity of the calculated values of fluxes to the used parameterizations increase along with the turbulent heat transfer increase. In some extreme cases, during storms and cold-air outbreaks, the difference reaches 700 W m−2.

scholarly journals The Value of Sustained Ocean Observations for Sea Ice Predictions in the Barents Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (20) ◽  
pp. 7017-7035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Bushuk ◽  
Xiaosong Yang ◽  
Michael Winton ◽  
Rym Msadek ◽  
Matthew Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Barents Sea

ABSTRACT Dynamical prediction systems have shown potential to meet the emerging need for seasonal forecasts of regional Arctic sea ice. Observationally constrained initial conditions are a key source of skill for these predictions, but the direct influence of different observation types on prediction skill has not yet been systematically investigated. In this work, we perform a hierarchy of observing system experiments with a coupled global data assimilation and prediction system to assess the value of different classes of oceanic and atmospheric observations for seasonal sea ice predictions in the Barents Sea. We find notable skill improvements due to the inclusion of both sea surface temperature (SST) satellite observations and subsurface conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) measurements. The SST data are found to provide the crucial source of interannual variability, whereas the CTD data primarily provide climatological and trend improvements. Analysis of the Barents Sea ocean heat budget suggests that ocean heat content anomalies in this region are driven by surface heat fluxes on seasonal time scales.

scholarly journals The quantitative definition of the Barents Sea Atlantic Water: mapping of the annual climatic cycle and interannual variability

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Smolyar ◽  
N. Adrov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rule ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantitative Definition ◽  
Mixed Water

Abstract The Barents Sea Atlantic Water (AW) is defined in eight different ways in the literature. These definitions can be consolidated into one statement (decision rule) that allows the separation of the AW of the Barents Sea from the rest of the water masses there. The decision rule defines AW as a straight-line function of temperature and salinity and non-Atlantic Water and Mixed Water by their proximity to AW on a temperature–salinity diagram. This rule is used to map the monthly-mean distribution of AW in the Barents Sea at 0, 30, 50 and 100 m depths. These maps demonstrate two stable seasons (winter and summer) of AW intrusion into the Barents Sea. The average duration of the AW-winter season is five months (January to May), whilst that of the AW-summer season is four months (July to October). During the winter, the area coverage of the AW at the surface equals 23% and varies slightly with depth. During summer, there is zero areal coverage of the AW at the surface, and with depth it varies considerably. The decision rule was used to map the monthly distribution of AW along latitude 74°30′N in the Barents Sea for the period 1975–1989. The maximum inflow of AW into the Barents Sea along 74°30′N occurs during March. The minimum inflow of AW occurs in August. The March/August inflow ratio is 1.55.

scholarly journals The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 5575-5595
Author(s):  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Anna Shestakova ◽  
Dmitry Chechin
Keyword(s):  
Roughness Length ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Turbulent Heat Fluxes ◽  
Storm Wave ◽  
Cold Air Outbreaks

Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea. The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm, meteorological data from reanalysis and wave data from the WAVEWATCH III wave model results were used. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the modified Charnock parameterization for the roughness length and several parameterizations that explicitly account for the sea wave parameters. A catalog of storm wave events and a catalog of extreme cold-air outbreaks over the Barents Sea were created and used to calculate heat fluxes during extreme events. The important role of cold-air outbreaks in the energy exchange between the Barents Sea and the atmosphere is demonstrated. A high correlation was found between the number of cold-air outbreak days and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat, as well as with the net flux of longwave radiation averaged over the ice-free surface of the Barents Sea during a cold season. The differences in the long-term mean values of heat fluxes calculated using different parameterizations for the roughness length are small and are on average 1 %–3 % of the flux magnitude. The parameterizations of Taylor and Yelland (2001) and Oost et al. (2002) lead to an increase in the magnitude of the fluxes on average, and the parameterization of Drennan et al. (2003) leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the fluxes over the entire sea compared with the Charnock parameterization. The magnitude of heat fluxes and their differences during the storm wave events exceed the mean values by a factor of 2. However, the effect of explicitly accounting for the wave parameters is, on average, small and multidirectional, depending on the parameterization used for the roughness length. With respect to the climatic aspect, it can be argued that explicitly accounting for sea waves in the calculations of heat fluxes can be neglected. However, during the simultaneously observed storm wave events and cold-air outbreaks, the sensitivity of the calculated values of fluxes to the parameterizations used increases along with the turbulent heat transfer increase. In some extreme cases, during storms and cold-air outbreaks, the difference exceeds 700 W m−2.

scholarly journals Climate change and heat exchange between atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic based on data from the Barents and the Kara sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
G. V. Surkova ◽  
V. A. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Turbulent Heat Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

The paper investigates the current regime of turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere over the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as its spatial, seasonal and temporal variability (1979–2018). It is shown that over the past decades, the areas of the location of the centers of maximum energy exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere have not changed significantly in comparison with the middle and second half of the XX century. It was revealed that the greatest seasonal and synoptic variability of heat fluxes is typical of the central and western parts of the Barents Sea. It was found that both indicators of variability in the cold season are 2–5 and more times higher than in the warm season, and the spatial heterogeneity of the indicators of variability in winter is about twice as large as in summer. Quantitative estimates have shown that, within the Barents Sea, the spatial variability of fluxes in winter may be 5–10 times or more higher than the summer values. Above the Kara Sea, the greatest heterogeneity in the fluxes field is typical of the autumn and early winter seasons. It has been found that the annual sums of heat fluxes from the surface of the Barents Sea exceed the values for the Kara Sea, on average, 3–4 and 5–6 times, for sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively, and in some years may differ tens of times. For the period under study, a single trend of the integral fluxes over the water area and their annual magnitude is not expressed, although there are multi-year decadal fluctuations. It is shown that, despite the significant difference in the thermal regime of the Barents and Kara seas and the lower atmosphere above them, the interannual changes in the total turbulent flows are quite well synchronized, which indicates the commonality of large-scale hydrometeorological processes in these seas, which affect the energy exchange between the seas and the atmosphere.

scholarly journals On the mechanism of a positive feedback in long-term variations of the convergence of oceanic and atmospheric heat fluxes, and the ice cover in the Barents sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
K. A. Kalavichchi ◽  
I. L. Bashmachnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Oceanic Heat Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Heat

This paper presents a study the interannual variability of the convergence oceanic and atmospheric advective heat fluxes in the Barents Sea region for 19932014, using combined in situ, satellite and numerical model-based oceanic and atmospheric data-sets: ARMOR-3D and ERA-Interim. On inter-decadal scales, the leading role of convergence of the oceanic heat flux, and on interannual scale of atmospheric heat flux are demonstrated to play the leading role in variations of the sea-ice area of the Barents Sea. The inter-decadal and the interannual variations of the oceanic heat flux are found to be mainly shaped by variations of the current velocity. In the long-term tendencies the current velocity is responsible for about 70% of the increase in the oceanic heat flux, mainly due to a higher transport in the North Cape Current. Variations in transport of the North Cape current and of the Return current are governed by variations in the meridional gradients of the zonal wind speed, in turn, caused by the stronger oceanic heat transport into the Barents sea and by the consequent melting of the sea-ice. The in situ observations supports the effectiveness of the previously suggested positive feedback between variations in the oceanic heat flux into the Barents Sea, and changes of the sea-ice area and of the atmospheric circulation in the Barents Sea region on the decadal time scales.

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