Organonitrogen Highly Paraffinic Oil Bases and Asphalt-Resin-Paraffin Deposits Formed Therefrom

STR-5L is a high quality block rubber in Thailand that is interesting to apply in medical and pharmaceutical products because it has very low impurity but high uniformity. In this study, medicated pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches were developed by melt blending technique using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as tackifier and paraffinic oil as softener. Two rolls mill was used to blend all ingredients and the thin PSA patches were rolled out. Various preparation parameters were studied such as initial viscosity of rubber (60 or 80 Mooney viscosity; MV), mastication time (5-20 minutes), step of mixing, mixing time (35-80 minutes) and gap between rollers (0.1-0.4 mm). The suitable processing conditions were optimized. It was found that the rubber having initial viscosity of 80 MV provided better physical properties, for example, higher force T-peel, lap shear strength and shear holding time. Longer mastication time increased the shear holding time of patches. At 70 minutes of mixing time, the patches showed the highest shear holding time and did not leave any residue on the testing equipment surface. Moreover, the shear holding time decreased when the gap between rollers was expanded. Mixing method with the sequential addition of STR-5L, HEC and then paraffinic oil, provided good PSA patches. However, preparation process did not affect the plasticity retention index of PSA patches due to there were not significant change of values when those all parameters were varied. Next, lidocaine or its hydrochloride salt in powder form could be blended into this PSA to be the homogeneous patches. This lidocaine PSA patches for local anesthetics application on the skin would be evaluated in further study.

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Postemergence Grass Control with Herbicides Applied at ULV in Paraffinic Oil

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00034709 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chester G. McWhorter ◽

William L. Barrentine ◽

James E. Hanks

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Low Volume ◽

Paraffinic Oil

Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1were compared with 94 and 187 L ha–1applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated. Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha–1controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha–1in water. At 2.3 L ha–1, barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1with an air-assist sprayer.

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Effect of Petroleum Oils on the Uptake of Atrazine-14C by Corn

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500036948 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 220-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. E. Coats ◽

C. L. Foy

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Foliar Uptake ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion ◽

Paraffinic Oil ◽

Petroleum Oils

Selected paraffinic and naphthenic phytobland oils used as adjuvants markedly enhanced the foliar uptake and acropetal translocation of ring-labeled atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] by corn (Zea maysL. ‘VPI 646′), when compared with atrazine-14C applied with nonionic polysorbate surfactant or in aqueous 25% methanol alone. Generally,14C uptake increased with increasing concentration (1.25 to 20.0%) of a 100-sec viscosity paraffinic oil and with time (up to 32 hr) after application. No consistent additional promotion of atrazine-14C uptake was derived from the use of emulsifier concentrations above 2.0% in the oil of a 10% oil-in-water emulsion. With a few exceptions, paraffinic and naphthenic oils of comparable viscosities were about equally effective as penetrant aids for atrazine. For both the paraffinic and naphthenic series, the 100-sec viscosity oils appeared to be slightly better penetrant aids than comparable 70, 150, and 200-sec oils.

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Variables Affecting the Use of Positive Displacement Pumps to Apply Herbicides in Ultralow Volume

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00033364 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

James E. Hanks ◽

Chester G. McWhorter

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Liquid Flow ◽

Field Application ◽

Positive Displacement ◽

Spray System ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

System Components ◽

Spray Droplets ◽

Median Diameter ◽

Paraffinic Oil

Water and paraffinic oils were used to determine variables that affect positive displacement pumps used to meter liquid flow in an air-assist spray system. Components needed to construct an air-assist spray system were described for use in spray chambers and on a tractor for field application of herbicides in ultralow volume (ULV). The flow rate of the pump varied less than 2% for the water and oil as the pump setting was varied from 0 to 100% of the pump's capacity. Linear relationships were shown for both liquids as the voltage input varied from 4 to 13 volts. Air pressures to 100 kPa and liquid temperatures to 35 C did not affect flow rate of the pump. Volume median diameter of the spray droplets decreased from 295 μm to 77 μm and 159 μm to 85 μm for water and paraffinic oil, respectively, as the air pressure was adjusted from 14 to 110 kPa.

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Effect of Drift Retardant Adjuvants on Spray Droplet Size of Water and Paraffinic Oil Applied at Ultralow Volume

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00023514 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 380-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

James E Hanks

Keyword(s):

Droplet Size ◽

Liquid Flow ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Spray Droplet ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Pressure Water ◽

Paraffinic Oil

Adjuvants were evaluated to determine the effect on increasing spray droplet size and reducing the amount of spray dispensed in small driftable size particles when applying water and paraffinic oil at ultralow volume. Spray solutions were applied with an air-assist system at liquid flow rates of 28 and 56 ml/min and atomized with 14, 28, 42, 56, and 84 kPa of air pressure. Water and paraffinic oil were applied alone and with two drift retardant adjuvants mixed individually in each. The two water soluble adjuvants were mixed at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0%; oil soluble adjuvants were applied at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50%. Adjuvants used in water and oil were effective at increasing droplet size and reducing the amount of liquid dispensed in small driftable size particles. Effectiveness of the adjuvants decreased as air pressures increased, with water soluble adjuvants being more susceptible to air pressure. Volume median diameters > 200 μm with water could be achieved without adjuvants; whereas with oil, an adjuvant was required.

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Streamers in large paraffinic oil gap

2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids ◽

10.1109/icdl.2011.6015465 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. V. Dung ◽

F. Mauseth ◽

H. K. Hoidalen ◽

D. Linhjell ◽

S. Ingebrigtsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paraffinic Oil

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Experimental investigation of iso-paraffinic oil for application in high voltage power transformers

2012 IEEE 10th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials ◽

10.1109/icpadm.2012.6318992 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Umashankar Babuparamashiva ◽

Sushil Chaudhari ◽

Anil Kumar Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

High Voltage ◽

Power Transformers ◽

Paraffinic Oil

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Evaluation of Lubricants for High-Temperature Ball Bearing Applications

Journal of Lubrication Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3601524 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. J. Parker ◽

E. N. Bamberger ◽

E. V. Zaretsky

Keyword(s):

Ball Bearing ◽

Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽

Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽

Percent Level ◽

Contact Fatigue ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Outer Race ◽

Polyphenyl Ether ◽

Paraffinic Oil

Several lubricants that are considered candidates for ball bearing applications in the temperature range of 500 to 700 deg F were investigated in full-scale ball bearings and in a rolling-contact fatigue rig. Bearing endurance tests indicate that a synthetic paraffinic oil with an antiwear additive can perform beyond catalog rating at temperatures up to 600 deg F in a low oxygen environment. In a rolling-contact fatigue tester, this synthetic paraffinic oil exhibited at least twice the fatigue life at the 10 percent level of a fluorocarbon and a polyphenyl ether. Based on bearing race groove appearance, elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication was apparent at outer-race temperatures up to 700 deg F.

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