Effect of resin content on the physiochemical and combustion properties of wood fiber insulation board

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5210-5225
Author(s):  
Se-Hwi Park ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Pureun-Narae Sun ◽  
Eun-Chang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Muf Adhesives

As petrochemical products (including plastics) contribute to the destruction of the natural environment, the use of such products must be reduced. Plastics account for 90% of the insulation materials used in Korea, including extruded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), and urethane foam. Wood-fiber insulation board (WIB) is a promising natural alternative to petrochemical insulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of adhesive resin required for manufacturing WIB. Fire-resistant WIB was prepared with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin (ranging from 20% to 35%), and the physicochemical and fire-resistant properties were determined. Higher resin content led to improved physical properties, while the thermal conductivity was unaffected. With the exception of 35% resin content in the WIB, the formaldehyde emissions of the WIB samples complied with the Korean Industrial Standards requirements for Super E0 grade (less than 0.3 mg per L). The physicochemical properties of the WIB samples were sufficient for use as an insulating material, even at 20% resin content. A perpendicular flame test revealed that all samples formed a carbonized layer to prevent flame penetration, except for the specimen with 20% of the resin content. The cone calorimeter testing indicated that the MUF adhesives acted as an effective fire retardant at resin contents above 25%.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Leandra P. Santos ◽  
Douglas S. da Silva ◽  
Thais H. Morari ◽  
Fernando Galembeck
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Material ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Materials Used

Many materials and additives perform well as fire retardants and suppressants, but there is an ever-growing list of unfulfilled demands requiring new developments. This work explores the outstanding dispersant and adhesive performances of cellulose to create a new effective fire-retardant: exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). This is a new 2D polyfunctional material formed by drying aqueous dispersions of graphite and cellulose on wood, canvas, and other lignocellulosic materials, thus producing adherent layers that reduce the damage caused by a flame to the substrates. Visual observation, thermal images and surface temperature measurements reveal fast heat transfer away from the flamed spots, suppressing flare formation. Pinewood coated with ERG underwent standard flame resistance tests in an accredited laboratory, reaching the highest possible class for combustible substrates. The fire-retardant performance of ERG derives from its thermal stability in air and from its ability to transfer heat to the environment, by conduction and radiation. This new material may thus lead a new class of flame-retardant coatings based on a hitherto unexplored mechanism for fire retardation and showing several technical advantages: the precursor dispersions are water-based, the raw materials used are commodities, and the production process can be performed on commonly used equipment with minimal waste.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Properties of Wheat-Straw Boards with FRW

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 947-950
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Zhu ◽  
Feng Hu Wang ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Peak Value

This paper explored the effect of MDI, UF and FRW content on the mechanical and fire retardant property of straw based panels with surface alkali liquor processing. In order to manufacture the straw based panel with high quality, low toxic and fire retardant, the interface of wheat-straw was treated with alkaline liquid under the optimal treating condition: alkaline liquid concentration was 0.4-0.8%, alkaline dosage was 1:2.5-1:4.5, alkaline-treated time was 12h-48h.The physical and mechanical properties of wheat-straw boards after treated could satisfy the China national standard. And the variance analysis of the fire retardant property of straw based panel showed that TTI, pkHRR and peak value appearance time were not affected by the MDI, UF and FRW content significantly. The results of orthogonal test showed that the optimized processing condition was MDI content as 4%, UF resin content as 7% and the FRW content as 10%.

Investigation of Gas Formation Processes in Cotton Fabrics Impregnated with Binary Compositions of Ethyl Silicate - Flame Retardant System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Dmitriy Saveliev ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Ethyl Silicate ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

The use of complex fire-retardant coatings based on ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate reduces the process of smoke formation during thermal exposure to treated tissue samples, which is promising for improving the fire safety of textile materials. The compositions are easy to obtain, they do not require specific processing conditions, do not contain toxic substances. This allows us to offer developed compositions for fire protection of textile materials used in facilities with a large number of people.

The Influence of Amount of Wood Fiber on New Flame-Retardant Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) Composite Foam

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Ma ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Ming Ming Zhang ◽  
Zeng Hui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Irregular Cell

New composite foams were prepared by co-foaming of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) resin and wood fiber in the closed mould at 70°C. The effects of amount of wood fiber on mechanical properties, brittleness, flame-retardant, insulation and microscopic structures of wood fiber-MUF foam were investigated. Results indicated that the flame-retardant properties increased, and the brittleness and mechanical properties decreased with the increase of the amount of wood fiber in composite foams. The addition of wood fiber resulted in more uniform cell size distribution and irregular cell shape, but had little effect on insulation properties.

scholarly journals Estimating impact of financial incentives on construction waste production

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Milad Pavopar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Polystyrene Waste ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Project Lead ◽  
Total Price ◽  
Ready Mix Concrete

Due to destructive environmental effects of construction wastes and increasing amount of these wastes that are in conflict with sustainable development objectives, it is essential to adopt solutions in order to reduce such wastes regarding environment preservation. This study was conducted to examine impact of financial incentives on reducing construction wastes using pairwise comparisons. According to professional opinions and experience of experts in building industry based on the 7-point Likert scale, mean responses obtained to 4.93, 4.83, and 4.73 for waste materials (stone, tile, ceramic), ready mix concrete waste, and EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) waste, respectively. On the other hand, reliability of research instrument obtained at 0.77 using Cronbach’s alpha test. Moreover, it is seen that the studied materials in this research assigned 41% contribution of constructing costs to themselves; of them, fittings and tiles, ceramics and stone assigned the highest constructing cost to themselves with 12%contribution. In fact, waste of materials in projects under the “total price” contract 30-50% higher than projects under the “cost plus” contract. Increasing number of floors and area of construction project lead to average reduction in waste of materials from 4.4% to 1.4%. Change in regional price of housing will changes materials used in construction based on different prices.  

Individual unit and guard-zone airtightness tests of apartment buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-337
Author(s):  
Andreas Kaschuba-Holtgrave ◽  
Angela Rohr ◽  
Stefanie Rolfsmeier ◽  
Oliver Solcher
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Guard Zone

The airtightness of eight apartment buildings containing six to 11 units each on three or four floors was tested with and without guard-zone pressure, that is, with and without consideration of internal leakages. The layouts of these buildings varied: two of them had no central stairwell; in two other buildings, only some of the apartments were connected to the central stairwell; and the third type had all apartments connected to a central stairwell. Airtightness tests were performed with and without guard-zone pressure conditions. During these tests, two to eight BlowerDoor systems were used simultaneously to create guard-zone pressure conditions. In this report, the authors evaluate the test results of three buildings of different layout types. Furthermore, a reference model for the natural air permeability of all construction materials used in the interior and exterior envelopes of each apartment was created for two buildings in accordance with the German Industrial Standards (DIN). We present the results of this assessment and put them in context with the airtightness tests with and without guard-zone pressure. The results indicate that the air leakage contribution of internal partitions is significant, namely 32% and 27%. As this affects sound transmission, fire protection, odor transfer, and the quality of ventilation, it is essential to assess the airtightness of not only the exterior but also the interior envelope of each apartment.

Effects of resin content on mechanical properties of cork-based panels bound with melamine-urea-formaldehyde and polyurethane binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 102632
Author(s):  
Ana Antunes ◽  
João Pereira ◽  
Nádia Paiva ◽  
João Ferra ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Resin Content

Studies on Mechanical Properties of Mulberry Branches Scrimber

2013 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 486-488
Author(s):  
Mei Ling Chen ◽  
Chuan Gui Wang ◽  
Shuang Yan Zhang ◽  
Heng Wu ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Resin Content

This paper presents the manufacturing process of scrimber by using mulberry branches and urea-formaldehyde. The effect of density, hot-pressing conditions and resin content on scrimbers mechanical properties was conducted. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the scrimber met the relative requirements in the density of 0.8 g/cm3 while the resin content was 12% and the hot-pressing conditions were in 1.5MPa, 100°C and 1.4min/mm. The MOR, MOE and IB of samples had reached 40.14MPa, 5024.20MPa and 0.44MPa under the best process condition. The MOR and MOE had achieved the standard of LY/T 1655-2006 and the surface of scrimber had natural textures which could be used as decorated materials for building.

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