scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Leandra P. Santos ◽  
Douglas S. da Silva ◽  
Thais H. Morari ◽  
Fernando Galembeck
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Material ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Materials Used

Many materials and additives perform well as fire retardants and suppressants, but there is an ever-growing list of unfulfilled demands requiring new developments. This work explores the outstanding dispersant and adhesive performances of cellulose to create a new effective fire-retardant: exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). This is a new 2D polyfunctional material formed by drying aqueous dispersions of graphite and cellulose on wood, canvas, and other lignocellulosic materials, thus producing adherent layers that reduce the damage caused by a flame to the substrates. Visual observation, thermal images and surface temperature measurements reveal fast heat transfer away from the flamed spots, suppressing flare formation. Pinewood coated with ERG underwent standard flame resistance tests in an accredited laboratory, reaching the highest possible class for combustible substrates. The fire-retardant performance of ERG derives from its thermal stability in air and from its ability to transfer heat to the environment, by conduction and radiation. This new material may thus lead a new class of flame-retardant coatings based on a hitherto unexplored mechanism for fire retardation and showing several technical advantages: the precursor dispersions are water-based, the raw materials used are commodities, and the production process can be performed on commonly used equipment with minimal waste.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rapid Detection Methods on the Minimization and Prevention of the Risk of Contamination with Aflatoxins in Peanut Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Marieta Stefanova ◽  
Sabka Pashova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Incoming Inspection

The methods of analysis and control of aflatoxins in peanuts pursue three key objectives: prevent the entry of contaminated peanuts into ready-to-eat products where they are used as an ingredient; prevent and minimize the risk of cross-contamination from contaminated peanuts to fit-for-use raw materials; perform an appropriate incoming inspection through rapid analysis methods for real-time detection of the absence of or the degree of contamination with aflatoxins. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of rapid detection methods on the minimization and prevention of the risk of contamination with aflatoxins during the incoming inspection in industries using peanut products in the composition of the finished products. The methods of detection of aflatoxins in peanut products are: Mass Spectrometry combined with High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the internal methodology VAL 92:2010 developed by an accredited laboratory and immunochromatographic rapid tests.

scholarly journals Reduction of Core-loss in the High Frequency Band of the Fe-Si-Cr Crystalline Alloy According to Particle Size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Jun Choi ◽  
Ji Hun Ahn ◽  
Deok Hyeon Kim ◽  
Ye Rae Kim ◽  
Bo Wha Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Magnetic Saturation ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In order for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) to achieve the high-performance requirements expected of them even at high frequencies, high permeability and low core-loss are required. In this study, we used different sizes of gas atomized Fe-Si-Cr alloy powder to produce SMCs, this alloy has higher resistivity than existing materials used in SMCs such as Fe-Si alloy or pure Fe. These powders were prepared by sieving raw materials which had an average size from less than 25 µm to over 63 µm. Our experiments show that as particle size decreases, the magnetic saturation tends to increase, the sample made from the powder with particles 25-38 µm in size recorded the highest magnetic saturation of 169.38 emu/g. Additionally, as particle size decreased, permeability increased. The sample made from powder with particles under 25 µm had a permeability of 20.7 H/m at 1 MHz. Also, the relationship between particle size and quality factor was found to be inversely proportional. Finally, the minimum core-loss was 187.26 kW/m3 at 1 MHz for the sample made from powder whose constituent particles are under 25 µm. We also observed that the core-loss is proportional to particle size.

Development of Hybrid Cellulose Bio Nanocomposite From Banana and Jute Fiber

2017 ◽  
pp. 361-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Rathore ◽  
Mohan Kumar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
New Class ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
New Material ◽  
Materials Used

In the era of globalization and industrialization the concern is limited only in development, without taking the environment into consideration this leads to global warming and big ecological changes in recent year. The material like Synthetic materials used in many applications due to ease of fabrication and higher strength, but the major disadvantage with it is, its neither recyclable nor bio-degradable. Therefore, the researchers develop a new material and technique for the sustainable development. A lot of researches were carried out in the reinforcing potential in the polymer matrix composite, reinforcing can be of two kinds synthetic and natural fiber. Natural fiber is gaining importance in the last decade due to its ecofriendly nature and does not leave carbon foot print, for better utilization of banana and jute fiber for making value added products. Hence, in this work the objective is to develop a new class of hybrid nano-materials from natural fiber such as banana and jute fiber. This chapter sees an opportunity of enhancement of interface property.

High Temperature Use Fractal Insulation Materials Utilizing Nano Particles

2008 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kandell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Large Volume Fraction ◽  
New Class ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Gas Space

Refractories are used in a variety of processing industries including the ceramic, steel, aluminum, metal casting and heat treatment industries. Refractories provide thermal insulation, and do so by providing stagnant or "dead" gas space, namely, they contain a large volume fraction of voids. The prime criterion for material selection is refractoriness (i.e. use temperature) and the dimensional stability. One key property required for insulating refractory qualification is the service temperature limit (STL), which is related to composition, sinterability at use temperature, sintering temperature, and void volume. During the past ten years nano-pore and nano-scale fractal refractories have become available which are possibly significantly less toxic when compared to fibrous refractories. The materials used in fractal refractories are discussed in this article. Apart from use as high temperature thermal insulators the new class of materials are also finding use in a variety of products and applications of structural components such as nano-pore high performance coatings, sensors, filters and membranes used in the electronics, aeronautics, space, energy, and biomedical engineering fields.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of fired-clay bricks incorporating both mineral and organic wastes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Achik ◽  
Hayat Benmoussa ◽  
Abdellah Oulmekki ◽  
M. Ijjaali ◽  
N. EL Moudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
New Material ◽  
Materials Used

The clay brick is one of the oldest building materials, and as the use of waste in the bricks can reduce clay consummation and the environmental burden due to the accumulation of waste, the present study was chosen, the addition of mineral and organic waste to the clay brick. The added value of this work, which was carried out within the Institute of Building Materials at VGTU, is that the mixture studied is very special, because the raw materials used are: − Yellow Clay (C) from Fez which is used only in the field of pottery; − Pyrrhotite Ash (PA) which is a mineral waste produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid from the roasting of pyrrhotite ore. This waste is stored in the open air since 1982 and until now it doesn't have any specific use; − Cedar Sawdust (S) is an organic waste regenerate by the artisanal sector from Fez. The bricks’ technological properties depended on the amount of ashes used. So, adding 5% S to the mixture (20% PA – 80% C) gives rise to a new material that is light, porous with a natural brick red colour. Most importantly, this material exhibits mechanical strength according to the standards of a terracotta brick.

scholarly journals The possibility of using waste materials as raw materials for the production of geopolymers

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Beata Figiela ◽  
Kinga Korniejenko
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
New Material ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Materials Used

This article shows the possibility of using industrial and mining waste for creating new eco-friendly materials – geopolymers. The main objective of the article is to analyze the possibilities of using new composite received from waste materials from mining industry in practical applications, especially in construction industry. The article presents benefits and potential threats for using wastes for production of geopolymers from gangue, waste from iron processing, waste from copper mining and processing, waste from chromium processing and so-called red mud from aluminum production. Research methods applied in the article are: critical analysis of literature sources, including comparison new material with other materials used in similar applications.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Notes on the ‘Mahat’ (Artocarpus lacucha and A. thailandicus, Moraceae) Species Complex in Thailand

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Aneklaphakij ◽  
Somnuk Bunsupa ◽  
Yotsawate Sirichamorn ◽  
Bhanubong Bongcheewin ◽  
Veena Satitpatipan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprints ◽  
New Material ◽  
Flora Of Thailand

‘Mahat’ is a well-known medicinal plant utilized in Thailand. The Thai name ‘Mahat’ has been used in many scientific articles for years. However, it is, unpredictably, a homonym of two scientific names in Flora of Thailand, i.e., A. lacucha and A. thailandicus. Additionally, both species are complex due to their high morphological variation. This causes difficulties in species identification especially when this Thai name is referred to as the scientific name for research publication, quality control of pharmaceutical raw materials, and registration of pharmaceutical products. In this study, we scrutinized the taxonomy of ‘Mahat’ by detailed examination of its morphology and distribution, including molecular and qualitative phytochemical studies. Leaf surfaces were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. The phylogeny of both species was studied using DNA sequences of nuclear and plastid regions. Chromatographic fingerprints, focusing on the major active compound oxyresveratrol, were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. According to our current study, phylogenetic evidence showed that some samples of both species were clustered together in the same clade and phytochemical fingerprints were almost identical. These results are valuable data for taxonomic revision in the near future and reveal the possible utilization of A. thailandicus as a new material source of oxyresveratrol in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Challenges in Ecofriendly Battery Recycling and Closed Material Cycles: A Perspective on Future Lithium Battery Generations

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Stefan Doose ◽  
Julian K. Mayer ◽  
Peter Michalowski ◽  
Arno Kwade
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Material Cycles

The global use of lithium-ion batteries of all types has been increasing at a rapid pace for many years. In order to achieve the goal of an economical and sustainable battery industry, the recycling and recirculation of materials is a central element on this path. As the achievement of high 95% recovery rates demanded by the European Union for some metals from today’s lithium ion batteries is already very challenging, the question arises of how the process chains and safety of battery recycling as well as the achievement of closed material cycles are affected by the new lithium battery generations, which are supposed to enter the market in the next 5 to 10 years. Based on a survey of the potential development of battery technology in the next years, where a diversification between high-performance and cost-efficient batteries is expected, and today’s knowledge on recycling, the challenges and chances of the new battery generations regarding the development of recycling processes, hazards in battery dismantling and recycling, as well as establishing a circular economy are discussed. It becomes clear that the diversification and new developments demand a proper separation of battery types before recycling, for example by a transnational network of dismantling and sorting locations, and flexible and high sophisticated recycling processes with case-wise higher safety standards than today. Moreover, for the low-cost batteries, recycling of the batteries becomes economically unattractive, so legal stipulations become important. However, in general, it must be still secured that closing the material cycle for all battery types with suitable processes is achieved to secure the supply of raw materials and also to further advance new developments.

Research on the Flame-Retardant Property of Continuous Basalt Fiber Based on Basic Properties of Advanced Composite Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Sheng Jia ◽  
Lian He Yang ◽  
Rui Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Advanced Composite Materials ◽  
Continuous Basalt Fiber ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Digital Sample

In this paper, Continuous Basalt Fiber (CBF) was used as the raw materials, and then woven by the Digital sample looms. Experimental results show that CBF has a very high limiting oxygen index, even if which more than 69%, was much higher than 27% of the indicators of the non-combustible fiber. In the Vertical Burning Test, there was no burning, smoldering, continued burning phenomenon, which can be clearly seen, and the mechanical properties can remain stability in the before-and-after-test. The CBF, would be bound to play a significant role in future of fire-retardant materials and high-temperature composite materials, exhibited excellent flame resistance and heat resistance.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

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