scholarly journals Determination of the Proximate Composition, Physicochemical Analysis and Characterization of Fatty Acid on the Seed and Oil of Gossypium Hirsutum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okonkwo S. I. ◽  
Okafor E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate

<p>The proximate composition, physicochemical analysis and characterization of <em>gossypium hirsutum</em> seed and its oil was carried out. The parameters that were studied in proximate analysis include (percentage) % moisture, % crude protein, % crude fiber, % ash content, % lipid. The total % carbohydrate content of the seed was 30.49<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.4 and the estimated % energy value was 435.58. The chemical parameters analyzed on the oil include iodine value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA) value and % volatile matter. In the characterization of fatty acid present in the oil with GC-MS Spectroscopy system, the major unsaturated fatty acid values were 14.53% for oleic acid and 55.38% for linoleic acid while the palmitic acid and stearic acid values which were saturated acid are 27.39% and 2.23% respectively. The percentage values of the rest of the fatty acid present in the oil were very low. The parameters determined were within the international and Nigerian industrial standard for vegetable oil.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican waste biomass relative to energy generation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8529-8553
Author(s):  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this work, physical and chemical analyses of 28 sawdust samples (tropical woods, pine woods, and oak woods) derived from the primary process of wood transformation and 4 samples of citrus residues were performed, as an option to make densified biofuels. The study included the determination of initial moisture, particle size distribution, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calculation of the calorific value, and ash microanalysis. The initial moisture content of the biomass samples ranged from 6.04 to 75.21%. The biomass granulometry results indicate that the highest proportion corresponds to the 1.0-mm (33.10%) (Fraction retained in mesh 0.5 mm). Other results obtained indicate the following ranges: ash content (0.27 to 6.27%), volatile matter (78.90 to 90.50%), fixed carbon (9.10 to 20.44%), carbon (49.13 to 50.78%), oxygen (42.62 to 44.49%), and hydrogen (5.24 to 6.55%). The calculated calorific value ranged from 17.65 MJ/kg to 20.72 MJ/kg. The chemical elements with the highest concentration in the biomass samples were K and Ca, followed in some cases by Al and P. The biomass with the greatest possibilities for making densified biofuels of better quality is the group of pine woods because they have low mineral content, low nitrogen content, and high calorific value.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals Mineral and bromatological assessment and determination of the antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in native Amazon fruits

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Márcia Becker ◽  
Carolina Marques Mandaji ◽  
Gaëlle Catanante ◽  
Jean-Louis Marty ◽  
Gilvanda Silva Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Abstract The proximate compositions, mineral contents, antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds of 7 native Amazon fruits were chemically evaluated. The majority of the fruits showed high moisture contents (> 63.02%), and ash, total crude protein and total carbohydrate contents in the ranges of 0.22–2.07%, 0.17–2.44% and 7.17–41.71%, respectively. High levels of total lipids were found in uxi (23.25%) and monguba (18.67%). A wide range of mineral contents was detected and the highest levels were found in the samples of monguba seeds (Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn), uxi pulp (Fe, and Mn) and pajurá pulp (Na). All the fruits showed antioxidant capacity, but the pajurá revealed the highest potential, statistically similar to that of acerola (p < 0.05). The highest vitamin C contents were found in bacuri and cupuaçu and the highest phenolic compound contents in monguba and pajurá fruits, but flavonoids were only detected in pajurá. A statistical correlation between the Na content and antioxidant capacity was also observed. Based on the results obtained, the fruits analyzed are suitable for use in the human diet, in the food and cosmetics industries as well as in pharmaceutical compositions.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Urtica simensis Grown in Different Regions of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Koju Bedekach Bayba ◽  
Amare Aregahegn Dubale ◽  
Bewketu Mehari ◽  
Minaleshewa Atlabachew
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Leaf samples of Urtica simensis collected from different locations of Ethiopia were analyzed for their proximate compositions, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities, and fatty acid profiles. The proximate analysis results revealed the presence of ash in the range 17.2–24.3%, crude fat 3.19–3.50%, crude protein 3.42–6.38%, crude fiber 9.37–14.0%, and carbohydrate 56.7–63.7%. The determined total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities ranged 2.18–4.84 mg gallic acid, 1.35–4.46 mg catechin, and 1.58–3.36 mg ascorbic acid, respectively, equivalents per gram of dry sample. High variability was observed for polyphenol and flavonoid contents while only random variation was observed for crude fat and carbohydrate among samples from different locations. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the leaves were analyzed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 16 different fatty acids were detected in the samples. Linolenic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids with average compositions of 36.6, 20.7, and 15.5%, respectively, of the total fatty acid. The result of this study revealed that the carbohydrate and ash contents of leaves of Urtica simensis are exceptionally high to make the leaves a significant source of the dietary important chemicals. Additionally, the lipid fraction of the leaves was found to be rich in essential fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) that are critically required in the human diet.

Proximate Composition of the Apple Seed and Characterization of Its Oil

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhu Yu ◽  
Frederick R. van de Voort ◽  
Zhixi Li ◽  
Tianli Yue
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Apple Seeds

Apple seeds, a common byproduct of apple processing, have been examined for their overall proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid composition of the lipid and protein components, respectively, as well as their key mineral constituents. Proximate analysis indicated that apple seeds are rich in oil content and protein ranging from 27.5 to 28% and 33.8 to 34.5% respectively, comparing favorably with oilseeds. GC analysis indicated high levels of linoleic acid (~49%) with the other dominant fatty acids being oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, ranging from ~39, 7 and 2% respectively. Amino acid analysis indicates that there are substantial amounts of sulfur containing amino acids in the apple seed. The apple seeds also contain significant amounts of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron, in the order of 720, 650, 510, 210 and 110 mg/100g, respectively. Based on the proximate composition of the apple seeds, if adequate amounts are available as a process byproduct, apple seeds could have value-added potential as a source of edible oil, with the oil cake potentially serving as an animal feed supplement.

Characterization of Various Types Coal Using Capacitance Measurement Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didied Haryono ◽  
Desiani ◽  
Mahfudz Al Huda ◽  
Warsito P. Taruno ◽  
Marlin R. Baidillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Capacitance Measurement ◽  
Rank One ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Signal Characterization

Each type of coal has different composition and properties, which determine the coal rank. One of the new methods for determining the quality of coal is by measuring its capacitance. It is formerly known that the difference in the moisture content of coal can be determined from the difference in its dielectric properties. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the various types of coal based on capacitance measurement. The samples used are Lignite, Sub-bituminous, Bituminous, and Anthracite. The proximate analysis testing was done to determine the content of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Capacitance value is measured using 2-channel data acquisition system (DAS) and parallel plate capacitive sensor at frequency 2.5 MHz. The results shows that the capacitance values of each type of coal are different. The capacitance value is affected by moisture content of coal since the moisture content and capacitance value have a linear correlation. And also, the signal characterization using frequency from 1 kHz to 5 MHz was performed to verify whether the frequency used in the DAS is able to characterize coal types.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of Malaysian local sweet potatoes

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Zulkifli ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
F.N. Omar ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Parts

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.

scholarly journals Production of Malt-based Sugar Syrup from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Malted Sorghum and Millet Grains

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Okpalanma Emeka Felix
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Dextrose Equivalent ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Malting Loss

The suitability of sorghum and millet grains in the production of malt-based syrups was determined. The grains were steeped for 50 h, germinated for 5 days at room temperature and were kilned for 48h to produce the malts. Mashing was carried out by three-stage decoction method and the resulting wort further hydrolysed with glucoamylase enzyme to yield malt syrups. Proximate analysis results showed that the crude protein contents in sorghum (11.3%) and millet (10.8%) malts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in sorghum (10.36) and millet (8.58%) grains. Cereal grains (sorghum, millet) were higher in fat (6.83, 7.30%), ash (2.41 and 3.16%), fibre (3.31 and 2.63%), moisture (9.93 and 9.95%) and total carbohydrate (71.63 and 53.35%) contents when compared with the malts. Results for malting characteristics of the grains showed that sorghum had significantly (p < 0.05) higher germinative energy (82.53%), germinative capacity (90.50%) diastatic power (32°L) and lower malting loss (13.50%) than millet grains: 76.6%, 85.67%, 27°L and 18.47% respectively. Mashing temperature and pH optima results for amylase activity were 60-70°C in sorghum, 40-450C in millet and pH 6-7 in sorghum and millet respectively. Results obtained on the analysis of the malt syrup samples (sorghum and millet) were (%): Moisture (12.35, 13.46), ash (0.02, 0.04), pH (4.5, 5.0), total solids (82.20, 80.1), Dextrose equivalent (85, 81) and reducing sugar (70.30, 65.45) respectively. Viscosity, colour and taste of the end products were physically checked. Sorghum grain exhibited better potential for syrup production.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Mercury Contents in Polish Coal Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wichliński ◽  
Rafał Kobyłecki ◽  
Zbigniew Bis
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Enrichment Process

Abstract This paper presents the results of the investigation associated with the determination of mercury content in Polish hard coal and lignite samples. Those coals are major fuels used for electricity generation in Poland. The results indicated that the average content of mercury in the coal samples was roughly about 100 ng/g. Apart from the determination of the mercury contents a detailed ultimate and proximate analysis of the coal samples was also carried out. The relationships between the mercury content and ash, as well as fixed carbon, volatile matter, sulfur, and high heating value of the coal samples were also established. Furthermore, the effect of coal enrichment was also investigated, and it was found that the enrichment process enabled the removal of up to 75% of the coal mercury from the samples.

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