scholarly journals Optimized green extraction conditions of matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) using central composite design for maximal polyphenol and antioxidant contents

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3255-3271
Author(s):  
Nor Hafiza Sayuti ◽  
Ammar Akram Kamarudin ◽  
Norazalina Saad ◽  
Nor Asma Ab. Razak ◽  
Norhaizan Mohd Esa
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Central Composite

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from matcha green tea (Camellia sinensis) using central composite design (CCD). The desirability function was used to find the optimum extraction conditions. The highest polyphenol and antioxidant content yield were reached at a temperature of 80 °C, an extraction time of 20 min, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100 mL/g, and a desirability value of 0.948. The experimental values for total phenolics under the optimum extraction conditions were 317.62 ± 3.45 mg GAE/g and 29.21 ± 0.38 mg RE/g for the total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity (AA) was evaluated using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), which showed radical scavenging activities at 88.28 ± 0.14% and 90.02 ± 0.14%, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis at the optimum condition revealed 14 compounds. Among the analyzed compounds, matcha green tea extract (MGTE) had the highest content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with 95.48 mg/g, followed by epicatechin gallate (ECG) at 74.48 mg/g, and catechin at 28.94 mg/g. The results suggested that the optimized parameters of heat-assisted extraction provide an ideal green extraction method for the extraction of the high polyphenol and antioxidant content in matcha green tea.

scholarly journals Development of a Rapid UHPLC-PDA Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Flavonol Contents in Onions (Allium cepa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana V. González-de-Peredo ◽  
Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Successful Separation

Onion, one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, is also known to contain high levels of antioxidant compounds, with protective effects against different degenerative pathologies. Specifically, onion is rich in flavonols, mainly quercetin derivatives, which are compounds with high antioxidant and free radical scavenging power. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance to count on optimal analytical methods that allow for the determination and quantification of these compounds of interest. A rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-photo-diode array (PDA) method for the separation of the major flavonols in onions was developed using a Box–Behnken design in conjunction with multiresponse optimization on the basis of the desirability function. The conditions that provided a successful separation were 9.9% and 53.2% of phase B at the beginning and at the end of the gradient, respectively; 55 °C column working temperature; and 0.6 mL min−1 flow rate. The complete separation was achieved in less than 2.7 min with excellent chromatographic characteristics. The method was validated, and its high precision, low detection and quantification limits, good linearity, and robustness were confirmed. The correct applicability of the method improves the analysis of the raw material, increasing the quality of onions and its subproducts in terms of bioactive compounds and functional characteristics for consumers.

scholarly journals The Free Radical Scavenging and Anti-Isolated Human LDL Oxidation Activities of Pluchea indica (L.) Less. Tea Compared to Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kittipot Sirichaiwetchakoon ◽  
Gordon Matthew Lowe ◽  
Griangsak Eumkeb
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Camellia sinensis tea (CST) or green tea is widely regarded as a potent antioxidant. In Thailand, Pluchea indica (L.) Less. tea (PIT) has been commercially available as a health-promoting drink. This study focused on free radical scavenging activities of PIT, and its ability to protect isolated human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation by chemical agents. A preliminary study to investigate the antioxidant nature of PIT was undertaken. These included common antioxidant assays involving 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and its potential to scavenge peroxynitrite. In separated experiments, isolated human LDL was challenged with either 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), copper (Cu2+), or 3-Morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) to induce LDL oxidation. PIT exhibited antioxidant activity in all test systems and performed significantly better than CST in both DPPH (P<0.05; IC50PIT=245.85±15.83 and CST=315.41±24.18 μg/ml) and peroxynitrite scavenging assays. PIT at 75 μg/ml almost fully prevented the peroxynitrite over a 5 h period. Moreover, it displayed similar properties to CST during the antioxidation of isolated human LDL using AAPH, Cu2+, SIN-1, and hypochlorous acid scavenging assays. However, it revealed a significantly lower ABTS scavenging activity than CST (P<0.05; IC50PIT=30.47±2.20 and CST=21.59±0.67 μg/ml). The main constituents of the PIT were identified using LC-MS/MS. It contained 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQ), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQ), 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-CQ), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-CQ), and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-CQ). In conclusion, caffeoyl derivatives in PIT could play an important role in potent antioxidant properties. So, it may be further developed to be antioxidant beverages for preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Ion Exchange Dialysis for Aluminium Transport through a Face-Centred Central Composite Design Approach

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Asante-Sackey ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal ◽  
Lingham V. Pillay ◽  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Target Response ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
The Face ◽  
Desirability Approach ◽  
Central Composite

An ion exchange dialysis (IED) is used in the recovery of aluminium from residue. In this paper, the face-centred central composite design (FC-CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability approach is used for experimental design, modelling and process optimization of a counter flow IED system. The feed concentration, feed flowrate, sweep flowrate and sweep concentration were selected as the process variables, with the Al transport across a Nafion 117 membrane as the target response. A total of 30 experimental runs were conducted with six centre points. The response obtained was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis. The actual R2 and standard deviation of the model are 0.9548 and 0.2932, respectively. Depending on the time zone of reference (24 h or 32 h), the highest enrichment of >1.50 was achieved. The designed variables were numerically optimized by applying the desirability function to achieve the maximum Al transport. The optimised condition values were found to be a feed concentration of 1600 ppm, feed flowrate of 61.76%, sweep flowrate of 37.50% and sweep concentration of 0.75 N for the 80% target response at 32 h. Overall, the model can be used to effectively predict Al recovery using the designed system.

scholarly journals CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR OPTIMIZING EXTRACTION OF EGCG FROM GREEN TEA LEAF (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Eka Indra Setyawan ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Brewing Time ◽  
Optimum Extraction Condition

Objective: This study was intended to optimize the extraction condition using central composite design.Methods: Central composite cesign with three independent variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were used to obtain the optimum extraction condition. Two dependent variables, namely yield of extraction and epigallocatechingallate level were used as a response parameter. Epigallocatechin gallate level was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results: Extraction yield was varied from 0.30 g to 0.72 g. All variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were able to increase the extraction yield. Epigallocatechingallate level was varied from 190.23 mg/g to 301.74 mg/g. Water temperature, brewing time, and both interaction were able to increase the epigallocatechin gallate level in green tea extract.Conclusion: Optimum extraction condition was shown using hot water at a temperature of 95 °C for 20 min and two-times infusions. The condition obtained extraction yield and epigallocatechingallate of 0.70 g and 286.87 mg/g dry weight, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimization The Effect of Roasting Conditions by Central Composite Design (CCD) Method on The Antioxidant Compounds of Opuntia Ficus Indica Seeds From Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakir El Guezzane ◽  
Hamza El Moudden ◽  
Hicham Harhar ◽  
Abdelkader Zarrouk ◽  
Mohamed Tabyaoui
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract The effect of roasting conditions on antioxidant activity Opuntia Ficus Indica seeds from Morocco and their phenolic compounds were optimized by the Central Composite Design (CDD) method. The CCD was used to optimize the roasting conditions: temperature (X1: 60–200 °C) and roasting time (X2: 10–50 min). The best roasting conditions were used in order to optimize the optimal value of the response : TPC (Total Phenolic Content): X1: 200°C, X2: 50min with 104.86±1.94GAE/g extract predicted response, TFC (Total Flavonoids Content) : X1: 200 °C, X2: 50 min with 81.23±0.90 mg QE/g extract predicted responses, TTC (Total Condensed Tannins Content): X1: 128.9°C, X2: 34.92min with 6.12±0.95 mg QAE/g extract) predicted response. Moreover, the optimal potential antioxidant activity by ABTS assay and DPPH assay was found in extracts of Opuntia Ficus Indica seeds roasted: at a high temperature of the roasting. Furthermore, the positive significant correlations were determined by the principal component analysis (PCA) on the one hand, between the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and their antioxidants compounds (TPC and TFC), and on the other hand, between the two assays ABTS and DPPH. Consequently, the results of this work indicated that roasted Opuntia Ficus Indica seeds from Morocco can be considered as an essential ingredient for human foods.

scholarly journals Process variable optimization in the cold metal transfer weld repair of aerospace ZE41A-T5 alloy using central composite design

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 4827-4835 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Ola ◽  
R. L. Valdez ◽  
K. M. Oluwasegun ◽  
O. A. Ojo ◽  
K. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractThe pulsed cold metal transfer (CMT+P) process was evaluated for the repair of aerospace structural components made from ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloy. The choice of welding variables was considered to be unique for the material type, weld design and geometry, and application-specific requirements. A design of experiment (DOE) method based on a rotatable 3D central composite design (CCD) was used to systematically establish relationships between independent welding variables and the resultant output variables of the CMT+P process, including the development of mathematical models based on second-order polynomial. A multiple response desirability function approach was then used for process optimization. The CMT+P process produced high-quality welds in the alloy. Welding process variables were established to produce desired weld penetration and weld reinforcement and complete fusion with minimal weld defects. Optimal domains of the independent variables were achieved; where the welds comply with the application-specific (repair of gearbox housing) requirements and acceptable class A weld quality of the aerospace fusion welding standard AWS D17.1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document