Giomers in dentistry – at the boundary between dental composites and glass-ionomers

Introduction. From the variety of direct restorative dental materials, composite resins are considered as having the most esthetic and functional properties. The conservative preparation, esthetic results, good mechanical qualities and surface finishing properties of dental composites, combined with the protective properties of fluoride from glass-ionomers, led to a new generation of dental materials: the giomers. Objective. The purpose is to review the available literature about the giomers, regarding the chemical composition, handling properties and esthetics, adhesion and microleakage, fluoride releasing and protection offered, clinical indications. Method. The search was carried out using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases with the following keywords: giomer, esthetic properties giomers and fluoride releasing giomers. A total of 232 articles were initially selected, with the following inclusion criteria: full text articles, written in English, with topics on the properties and the clinical implications of giomers. Papers presented as abstract were not included. In the next step, review articles, duplicates, and articles in other languages were removed; as a result, a total of 44 sources published between 2004 and 2017 were selected. Results. The selected articles referred to the following aspects about the giomers: chemical composition (8 articles), adhesion and microleakage (10 articles), fluoride releasing and pulp protection (15 articles), clinical indications (6 articles), effects of additional treatments and dietary habits (11 articles).

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Moving Towards a Finer Way of Light-Cured Resin-Based Restorative Dental Materials: Recent Advances in Photoinitiating Systems Based on Iodonium Salts

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13184093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4093

Author(s):

Monika Topa ◽

Joanna Ortyl

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Iodonium Salts ◽

Photoinduced Polymerization ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Restorative Dental Materials ◽

Phosphine Derivatives ◽

Short Time

The photoinduced polymerization of monomers is currently an essential tool in various industries. The photopolymerization process plays an increasingly important role in biomedical applications. It is especially used in the production of dental composites. It also exhibits unique properties, such as a short time of polymerization of composites (up to a few seconds), low energy consumption, and spatial resolution (polymerization only in irradiated areas). This paper describes a short overview of the history and classification of different typical monomers and photoinitiating systems such as bimolecular photoinitiator system containing camphorquinone and aromatic amine, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, phosphine derivatives, germanium derivatives, hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives, silane-based derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives used in the production of dental composites with their limitations and disadvantages. Moreover, this article represents the challenges faced when using the latest inventions in the field of dental materials, with a particular focus on photoinitiating systems based on iodonium salts. The beneficial properties of dental composites cured using initiation systems based on iodonium salts have been demonstrated.

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Molecular Interactions between Saliva and Dental Composites Resins: A Way Forward

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2537

Author(s):

Veaceslav Șaramet ◽

Marina Meleșcanu-Imre ◽

Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu ◽

Crenguța Cristina Albu ◽

Alexandra Ripszky-Totan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Materials ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Dental Composite ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Dental Composite Resins ◽

Molecular Landscape

Dentin and enamel loss related to trauma or especially caries is one of the most common pathological issues in dentistry that requires restoration of the teeth by using materials with appropriate properties. The composite resins represent dental materials with significant importance in today’s dentistry, presenting important qualities, including their mechanical behavior and excellent aesthetics. This paper focuses on the saliva interactions with these materials and on their biocompatibility, which is continuously improved in the new generations of resin-based composites. Starting from the elements involved on the molecular landscape of the dental caries process, the paper presents certain strategies for obtaining more advanced new dental composite resins, as follows: suppression of oral biofilm acids formation, promotion of remineralization process, counteraction of the proteolytic attack, and avoidance of cytotoxic effects; the relation between dental composite resins and salivary oxidative stress biomarkers is also presented in this context.

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A State-of-the-Art Review on the Wear of the Occlusal Surfaces of Natural Teeth and Prosthetic Crowns

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3525

Author(s):

Ana Catarina Branco ◽

Rogério Colaço ◽

Célio Gabriel Figueiredo-Pina ◽

Ana Paula Serro

Keyword(s):

Wear Mechanisms ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Surface Finishing ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Filler Particles ◽

Restorative Dental Materials ◽

Tooth Abrasion ◽

Wear Tests

This review focuses on the wear mechanisms of natural and restorative dental materials, presenting a comprehensive description and analysis of the works published in the last two decades on the wear at the interface of occlusal surfaces. Different groups of tribological pairs were considered: tooth-tooth, tooth-restorative material (tooth-ceramic, tooth-resin-based-materials, and tooth-metal), and restorative-restorative materials. The lack of standardization of the wear tests impairs the direct comparison of the obtained results. However, it was possible to infer about the main wear mechanisms observed on the different classes of dental materials. Concerning ceramics, their toughness and surface finishing determines the wear of antagonist tooth. Abrasion revealed to be the main wear mechanisms at occlusal interface. In the case of resin-based composites, the cohesion of the organic matrix and the nature, shape, and amount of filler particles greatly influences the dental wear. The protruding and detachment of the filler particles are the main causes of abrasion of antagonist enamel. Metallic materials induce lower wear on antagonist enamel than the other classes of materials, because of their low hardness and high ductility. Most of the studies revealed plastic deformation and adhesive wear as the main wear mechanisms. Overall, more research in this area is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved at the occlusal surfaces wear. This would be essential for the development of more suitable restoration materials.

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Effects of ionizing radiation on surface properties of current restorative dental materials

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-021-06543-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Débora Michelle Gonçalves de Amorim ◽

Aretha Heitor Veríssimo ◽

Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro ◽

Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza ◽

Isauremi Vieira de Assunção ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Post Radiation ◽

Restorative Dental Materials ◽

Ionomer Cement

AbstractTo investigate the impact of radiotherapy on surface properties of restorative dental materials. A conventional resin composite—CRC (Aura Enamel), a bulk-fill resin composite—BFRC (Aura Bulk-fill), a conventional glass ionomer cement—CGIC (Riva self cure), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement—RMGIC (Riva light cure) were tested. Forty disc-shaped samples from each material (8 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) (n = 10) were produced according to manufacturer directions and then stored in water distilled for 24 h. Surface wettability (water contact angle), Vickers microhardness, and micromorphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after exposition to ionizing radiation (60 Gy) were obtained. The data were statistically evaluated using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test (p < 0.05). Baseline and post-radiation values of contact angles were statistically similar for CRC, BFRC, and RMGIC, whilst post-radiation values of contact angles were statistically lower than baseline ones for CGIC. Exposition to ionizing radiation statistically increased the microhardness of CRC, and statistically decreased the microhardness of CGIC. The surface micromorphology of all materials was changed post-radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation negatively affected the conventional glass ionomer tested, while did not alter or improved surface properties testing of the resin composites and the resin-modified glass ionomer cement tested.

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An experimental study of the adhesion of bacterial layers to some restorative dental materials

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0722.1986.tb01381.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 164-173

Author(s):

A. TULLBERG

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Restorative Dental Materials

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Measurement of the fluorescence of restorative dental materials using a 655-nm diode laser

10.1117/12.424492 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatima A. A. Zanin ◽

Dilma H. Souza-Campos ◽

Sissi Zanin ◽

Aldo Brugnera, Jr. ◽

Jesus D. Pecora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Restorative Dental Materials

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Kekasaran Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanofilled dan Nanohybrid Setelah Paparan Asap Rokok Kretek

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v8i1.2018.30-35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Johanna Chandra ◽

Laksmiari Setyowati ◽

Setyabudi Setyabudi

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Dental Composites ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Control Groups ◽

The Past ◽

Nanohybrid Composite

Background: Cigarette smoking is a public health problem that may influence physical properties of dental composites. Surface roughness is one of the physical properties of restorative materials that can influence their success. The use of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites in dentistry has substantially increased over the past few years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke. Methods: Twelve cylindrical specimens were prepared of each material and divided into two groups (n=6). For the control groups, the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at 37oC and the water was renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were exposed daily to kretek cigarette smoke, then washed and stored in distilled water at 37oC. After 21 days, specimens were measured using a Surface Roughness Tester and the data was statistically analyzed. Result: Independent-T Test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the surface roughness between control and experimental groups both nanofilled and nanohybrid, and between experimental groups nanofilled and nanohybrid. Conclusion: The exposure to kretek cigarette smoke can significantly increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composites more than nanofilled composites.

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Pengaruh Penambahan Hidroksiapatit dari Cangkang Telur Ayam Terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan GIC

Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi ◽

10.32793/jmkg.v5i2.247 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Putri Ajri Mawadara ◽

Martha Mozartha ◽

Trisnawaty K

Keyword(s):

Dental Materials ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

System A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Calcium Source ◽

Chicken Eggshell ◽

Restorative Dental Materials ◽

Experimental Group

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioceramic with excellentbiocompatible properties, and composition and crystal structure similar to apatite in the human dental structure and skeletal system. A number of researchers have attempted to evaluate the effect of the addition of HA powders to increasemechanical properties of restorative dental materials. In this study, HA was synthesized using chicken eggshell as calcium source for synthesizing HA by using precipitation technique. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of incorporation of eggshell-derived HA on the surface hardness GIC (Fuji IX GP). Specimens were divided into two groups: group GIC without incorporation of HA as control group (n = 16) and group GIC with incorporation of 5% HA as experimental group (n = 16). Total of specimens were 32 cylinders 5mm diameter and 2mm height. Surface hardness GIC was measured with vickers microhardness tester. Data wasanalyzed by unpaired T-test. The mean of surface hardness for GIC control group was 51.37 ± 1,63VHN and the experimental group was 56.60 ± 1,22HVN. The results T-test showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded thatincorporation of eggshell-derivedHA could increasesurface hardness of GIC.

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