scholarly journals Econometric Modelling of Lithuanian Labour Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Dalia Tendziagolskytė ◽  
Rimantas Rudzkis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Svar Model ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Unemployed

Lithuanian labour market indicators, such as the total number of employees, the number of employees in the private and public sectors, the number of the unemployed, labour force, employment and unemployment rates, the relative number of employees, average monthly gross income are analysed in the paper. The experience of foreign countries and Lithuania in creating labour market models and econometric methodology has been examined. As a result, a new model of the Lithuanian labour market is produced, comprising five regressive equations, which are part of the recursive SVAR model, and four identities, which are part of balance equations. According to the logic of economic and other research, relevant connections in the economy have been specified, unknown parameters of equations have been estimated. Finally, forecasts of endogenous indicators for 2014 have been provided, and results have been compared with the projections of the main labour market indicators for 2014−2017, published by the Ministry of Finance. Calculations have been made using a statistical package Gretl.

scholarly journals Developing Labour Market Information System for Informal Sector in Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1357-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabur Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Unemployment Problem

The informal sector (IFS) is seen as having the potential to adequately respond to the growing unemployment problem in Pakistan. Easy access, and low skill and investment requirements of a variety of activities in this sector correspond well with the stock and annual additions to the labour force and the available financial resources. This sector is still absorbing a large proportion of the labour force in rural and urban areas. It is also contributing significantly towards developing the skill base of the labour force.1 (see Annex Tables I-III.) Bu~ the fact remains that its development is rather haphazard with the result that the potential which this sector offers remains poorly utilised. Firstly, adequate dis aggregated information on this l sector is stilllackillg. This often results in the undertaking of activities, but, without taking cognisance of market conditions and availability of adequate consumer demand. A number of -such activities, hence, face the risk of failure at the outset.. Secondly, there is a lack of disaggregated information on the stock of the labour force and annual additions to it, and also on employment patterns. This affects support activities, if any, as adequate feedback is not forthcoming on market con,ditions, new entrants into the labour market and the unemployed. Availability of disaggregated information is necessary for undertaking support and development activities for this sector.

(Non)Participation in the Labour Market: Alternative Indicators and Estimates of Labour Reserve in United Kingdom Regions

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Green ◽  
C Hasluck
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Training Schemes ◽  
The Unemployed

In the context of the continuance of mass high unemployment in the United Kingdom and considerable debate concerning the ‘real level’ of unemployment, the authors of this paper go beyond the official unemployment rate by focusing on the development of alternative indicators of labour reserve in the regions of the United Kingdom. They show how, on a step-by-step basis, successively ‘broader’ indicators of labour reserve (more specifically, those on government training schemes, various categories of those conventionally defined as economically inactive who would like a job, and those in part-time work because they could not find full-time employment) may be derived by means of data from the Labour Force Survey. They then go on to outline the key features of regional variations in the scope for additional labour-force participation. As labour supply is a dynamic concept, and the utilisation of the labour reserve implies transitions from unemployment and non-employment to employment, selected information on transitions between labour-market states and on the previous economic circumstances of the unemployed is presented. Some key features of the broad regional geography of those categorised as in employment, but ‘on the margins’ of the labour reserve, are highlighted also. Finally, the implications for policy of substantial labour reserves in many regions in the United Kingdom are explored.

scholarly journals Forecasting in the Labour Market

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram SriRamaratnam ◽  
Kevin Zhang ◽  
Andrew Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

An assessment of future labour market outcomes is of considerable interest to policy makers and for those making operational decisions with respect to training. These could take the form of forecasts of employment by occupations and skill levels or needs at the national, sectoral or regional level. Often forecasts are make of the demand for labour, both additional and replacement demand, the latter often surpassing the former due to the present demographic composition of the labour force. In order to assess likely future shortages (or surplus) of labour, knowledge of the current supply (not always known with certainty as in the case of seasonal labour) and an understanding of future supply is required, all of which pose considerable challenges. In this paper, an overview of the forecasting needs of the Department of Labour, approaches and methodology likely to be applicable and the required level of accuracy and relevance of forecasts are discussed in relation to national, sectoral, regional and seasonal labour market outcomes. Some preliminary and provisional results are presented as an illustration of likely outcomes. In summary, the total employment level is expected to show and annual average growth of 1.8% from 2005 to 2010, following a higher annual average growth of 2.8% from 2001 to 2005.  However, for the Primary and Manufacturing Sectors, the employment is likely to transform to a positive growth at an average rate of 1.0% and 0.3% respectively from 2005 to 2010 after having experienced a decline from 2001 to 2005. However, for the Private and Public sectors services, employment is expected o increase at an average rate of 1.7% and 2.8% respectively from 2005 to 2010 following a higher growth rate of 3.3% and 4.8% respectively from 2001 to 2005. The consequences of a number of variations in GDP growth and employment ratios by industry are explored in terms of occupational forecasts.

scholarly journals The Qualification and Experience of New Zealand's Key Decision Makers

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Sagoo
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Made In

In order to be more competitive, New Zealand's labour force must be more skilled and educated. Having a qualification is seen as a key to getting into the labour market, into employment and into work. Obtaining information and data on what qualifications New Zealanders have and need is relatively easy. But little is known about the distribution of individuals in relation to their qualifications. There have been many claims made that "New Zealand has too many accountants and lawyers in key positions and not enough scientists and engineers". Earlier studies have suggested there is an over-emphasis on accountancy and law as business qualifications. What is not clear is the extent to which other fields of study are represented amongst New Zealand's key decision makers. This paper is based on a comprehensive survey of the qualifications and experience of New Zealand's key decision makers, that is, individuals likely to affect significant decisions made in the private and public sectors within New Zealand.  It aims to provide a clearer picture of the extent to which business versus technology related and other qualifications and experience exist amongst senior personnel.

scholarly journals Dualisation versus targeting? Public transfers and poverty risks among the unemployed in Germany and Great Britain

2020 ◽  
pp. 000169932097474
Author(s):  
Jan Brülle
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Unemployed

The paper analyses changes in the generosity of public transfers to the unemployed and their effectiveness for the alleviation of poverty risks in Germany and Great Britain between the 1990s and the 2000s. In the light of changing poverty risks among the unemployed, the contribution of policy changes is assessed using individual-level data on household incomes. The results indicate that the introduction and expansion of the tax credit programmes in Britain led to an increase of public transfers especially for those with low household market incomes and thereby also improved the effectiveness of transfers in combating poverty. In Germany, the generosity of transfers to the unemployed hardly changed over time, whereas the effectiveness of transfers to prevent households from falling into poverty declined. This can be explained by changes in the composition of the unemployed by recent labour force participation and household market incomes. As former labour market insiders are consistently better protected from poverty than former outsiders, the results confirm the stratified nature of unemployment protection in Germany, albeit no significant trend towards increasing dualisation in public benefits is found. Thus, the results do not support notions of a fundamental shift of the system of unemployment protection with respect to the generosity of transfers in Germany but emphasise the importance of changes in the German labour market.

Russian Labour Market Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
K. E. Laykam
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article reflects the results of a statistical analysis of signifcant changes in the Russian labour market in 2020 amidst the spread of coronavirus infection. The study presents the results of a labour force survey organized for the frst time in Russia (following the ILO recommendations) through telephone interviews of respondents based on a representative sample.The author analyzed the transformation of the Russian labour market in both the Russian Federation as a whole and regions using different group forming criteria, in particular, types of economic activity, sectors of the economy, various socio-demographic characteristics of the population (gender, age, place of residence, etc.). The paper outlines the dynamics and structure of employment (including part-time work) and unemployment, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of the unemployment rate in Russia and a number of foreign countries. Other indicators of labour underutilization, including the potential labour force, are considered.To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the Russian labour market transformation indicators of dynamics of employees' wages are considered along with indicators of employment. At the same time, special attention is given to the analysis of the situation of personnel remuneration during the most severe period of the viral pandemic – in April 2020

scholarly journals The problems and perspectives of the labour market development in Serbia on national and regional level

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-434
Author(s):  
Jelena Zvezdanovic-Lobanova ◽  
Mikhail Lobanov ◽  
Milan Zvezdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Unemployed

The paper deals with the analysis of inter-regional differences in unemployment rates, including an assessment of changes in local labour markets in the 2010s. Comparison of statistics related to the labour market development exclusively at the national level does not allow a complete overview of the employment problems. Based on the available data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, we have compiled three maps that give a visual representation of the unemployment in municipalities in Serbia. The first map demonstates the share of the unemployed in the total population of municipalities at the beginning of 2018 (taking into account the qualification structure of the unemployed population). The second map reveals the dynamics of unemployment rates in municipalities (value ratio for 2018 and 2010). Finally, the third map reflects the authors' vision of regionalization of the unemployment phenomenon in Serbia, expressed in identifying spatial configurations that differ in labour market characteristics. The regionalization of the phenomenon of unemployment in Serbia has enabled the identification of the most and least successful territories in terms of maintaining stability in the labour market. In addition, we highlighted the existing problems of the labour market, emphasized the importance of implementation of employment policies and inclusion in this process of all societal structures, starting with the state, local authorities, private and public sectors in order to achieve sustainable economic growth.

Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽  
Norlida Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.   

scholarly journals Granger Causal Nexus between Good Public Governance and Unemployment: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Cristina Boţa-Avram ◽  
Adrian Groşanu ◽  
Paula-Ramona Răchişan ◽  
Sorin Romulus Berinde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Data Investigation ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Causal Nexus ◽  
Total Labour

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.

Dealing with ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment: Front-line constraints and strategies in employment standards enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2090914
Author(s):  
Alan Hall ◽  
Rebecca Hall ◽  
Nicole Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Individual worker complaints continue to be the core foundation of employment standards enforcement in many Western jurisdictions, including the Canadian province of Ontario. In the contemporary labour market context where segments of the labour force may be disproportionately impacted by rights violations, and employment relationships are more diverse and often more tenuous than previously, the continued reliance on individual claims suggests a need to better understand the challenges associated with the investigation and resolution of claims involving ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment situations. Using interviews with front-line Ontario employment standards officers (ESOs), this article examines the extent to which certain worker characteristics and employment situations perceived by officers as ‘vulnerable’ are identified by officers as significant constraints or barriers to investigation processes and outcomes, and documents whether and how officers address these constraints and barriers. The analysis also identifies the perceived influence of policy, resource and legislative requirements in shaping how officers deal with the more difficult and challenging cases, while also considering the extent to which the officers’ actions are understood by them as discretionary and guided by their particular orientations or concerns. In so doing, this article reveals challenges to the resolution of claims in precarious employment situations, the very place where employment standards are often most needed.

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