scholarly journals TAUTOS IR TAUTINĖS IŠTIKIMYBĖS PROBLEMA A. MACEINOS IR J. GIRNIAUS VEIKALUOSE

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Jonas Balčius
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Loyalty ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Straipsnyje aptariami ir įvertinami Antano Maceinos (1908–1987) ir Juozo Girniaus (1915–1994) veikalai, skirti lietuvių tautos kultūrinio ir politinio išliekamumo klausimams sovietų okupacijos ir tautinės emigracijos sąlygomis. Parodoma, jog šiame darbe cituojami minėtų lietuvių filosofų darbai tebėra vieni reikšmingiausių ir teoriškai brandžiausių veikalų, parašytų ne tik emigracijoje, bet ir per visą Lietuvos filosofijos istoriją. Tai reiškia, kad jie neprarado savo konceptualiojo – teorinio ir praktinio – aktualumo ir mūsų laikais, nes Lietuvos istorija, kaip žinoma, turi didesnių abejonių nekeliančių cikliškumo bruožų – ir tai nėra būdinga vien XX amžiui. Agresyvėjanti dabartinės Rusijos politika – jos strategija ir taktika Baltijos valstybių atžvilgiu rodo, jog minėtuosius pokario laikų lietuvių filosofų, gyvenusių ir dirbusių emigracijos sąlygomis, teorinius veikalus dar pernelyg anksti priskirti tik istorinei lietuvių tautos kovų už savąjį valstybingumą ir laisvę praeičiai. Tai reiškia, tad jie tebeturi ir didesnių abejonių nekeliančio amžinojo šiuolaikiškumo žymę. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: tauta, tautinė ištikimybė, kultūra, moralinė atsakomybė.Nation and National Loyalty in the Works of A. Maceina and J. GirniusJonas Balčius   Summary The article focuses on discussing and evaluating works by Antanas Maceina (1908–1987) and Juozas Girnius (1915–1994) dwelling on questions of the cultural and political survival of the Lithuanian nation under harsh conditions of Soviet occupation and NATIONAL emigration. It is demonstrated that works by the Lithuanian philosophers cited here remain among the most significant and theoretically mature contributions not only in the context of emigration, but also in terms of the whole history of Lithuanian philosophy. These works have not lost their conceptual relevance (both in theory and practice) in the modern times as well, because Lithuanian history may be more or less reasonably characterized by certain cyclical traces, and this assertion holds true not only for the 20th century. The increasingly aggressive policy of modern Russia (ruled by the Putin regime), particularly its strategy and tactics in dealing with the Baltic states, clearly indicate it being far too early to attribute these theoretical works by the above mentioned postwar Lithuanian philosophers living and working in the exile to the historical past of the Lithuanian people’s struggle for its national independence and freedom only. On the contrary, this indicates them being undoubtedly marked with the imprint of eternal modernity. Keywords: nation, national loyalty, culture, resistance, moral responsibility.>   

EXPLORING THE INTERNAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ORGANIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Marin Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this article is the genesis of the professional culture of personnel management. The last decades of the 20th century were marked by various revolutions - scientific, technical, democratic, informational, sexual, etc. Their cumulative effect has been mostly reflected in the professional revolution that shapes the professional society around the world. This social revolution has global consequences. In addition to its extensive parameters, it also has intensive ones related to the deeply-rooted structural changes in the ways of working and thinking, as well as in the forms of its social organization. The professional revolutions in the history of Modern Times stem from this theory.Employees’ awareness and accountability shall be strengthened. The leader must be able to formulate and bring closer to the employees the vision of the organization and its future goal, to which all shall aspire. He should pay attention not to the "letter" but to the "spirit" of this approach.

scholarly journals School history textbook as a component of the Soviet education system by the end of the 1980s

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Tamara М. Kadzoeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
Soviet School ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
School History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Education

The article reveals theoretical approaches to the creation of Soviet school history textbooks of the late 1980s. Despite the achievements of domestic methodologists in the field of theory and practice of a school textbook, the society abandoned the Soviet model of a history textbook. Its crisis is caused by excessive ideologization, dogmatism, one-sided representation of historical events. The article analyzes some aspects of Soviet school history textbooks on the domestic history of the 20th century.

The Soviet Approach to the Right of Peoples to Self-determination: Russia’s Farewell to jus publicum europaeum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Mälksoo
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
The Right

The aim of this article is to explore the theory and practice of the Soviet position on the right of peoples to self-determination in 1917 and afterwards. It is a misunderstanding to mention Lenin’s (the Bolsheviks’) and Wilson’s concepts of self-determination in one breath, as ‘precursors’ in international law. The Soviet concept of the right of peoples to self-determination was adopted for tactical and propagandistic purposes, and it had little in common with the liberal democratic concept of this right that saw the right of peoples to self-determination as an end in itself. The real contribution of the Russian Bolsheviks to the history of international law has, to some extent, been overlooked. Throughout the 20th century, the West and the ussr had different regional standards and usages of the right of peoples to self-determination, thus presenting a continuous challenge to the idea of the universality of international law.

scholarly journals Activities of Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society and Its Headquarters at 7 Baldones Street

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 31-64
Author(s):  
Rita Apine
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society was one of the largest and best-known Baltic-German sports organizations in the first half of the 20th century. Sports enthusiasts of various professions, including engineers, participated in the activities of this society. The house built by the Society in 1910 at 7 Baldones S treet, Riga, which has been rebuilt several times, played an important role in the sports life. The research presents comprehensive documentary evidence about the Society until the repatriation of the Baltic- Germans in 1939 and the history of its headquarters building. Using the documents and press materials from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LSHA) of the National Archives of Latvia (NAL), archive documents of the Riga Construction Board, as well as the collection of the Latvian Sports Museum, previously unknown facts have been revealed.

scholarly journals Theoretical Generalizations in Epidemiology: from History to the Present

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article presents an analysis of theoretical generalizations in epidemiologists at all stages of its development and development. It is shown that the components that make up the content of the subject of epidemiology have evolved in the understanding of their essence, in particular, causality, the mechanism of development and epidemiological manifestations. Representations and terminology about the content and essence of the subject have changed: from the epidemic, to the epidemic process, and, finally, to the population level of organization of pathology and human health (morbidity and public health). The greatest scientific discussions and intellectual struggle of opinions passed through the whole history of science. The concepts that prevailed in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, in the 20th century and theoretical generalizations in epidemiology of the modern period are presented. Problems were revealed and directions for further research in the field of theory and practice of epidemiology were suggested.

scholarly journals Hvad var dannelse?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Per Jepsen
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Climate ◽  
History Of

The article reconstructs the history of the concept of “Bildung” from its origin in the philosophy of Enlightenment to the crisis of education in the middle of the 20th century. After a presentation of the rise of the concept in the 18th and 19th century (Kant, Humboldt), the article discusses Horkheimer and Adornos critique of the classical tradition of Bildung and their diagnosis of the intellectual and educational climate in Th e Western World after the 2nd World War. Following this it presents the even more pessimistic view of the Austrian philosopher Konrad Paul Liessmann, who in his book Theorie der Unbildung from 2008 claims that the concept of “Bildung” today has no longer any normative impact on the theory and practice of education. In the final section I second this view by claiming that the tradition of Bildung is now closed: What is left of it is its history.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF JEAN LOPEZ & LASHA OTKHMEZURI, JOUKOV: L`HOMME QUI A VAINCU HITLER

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
French Military ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Most of the history of the Baltic States in the 20th century is completely dominated by their relation to the Eastern giant, the Soviet Union. What the Soviet Union represented was not only an authoritarian, and at times, totalitarian rulership but also a constant fear of the unpredictable. Two French military historians, connected with the journal Guerre et Histoire, have recently managed to go through newly opened archives in Russia to unveil the unpredictable career of the most distinguished commander of the Red Army, Gregory Zhukov. Their book entirely confirms the impression among Baltic people that the Soviet Union was fundamentally instable in the sense that anything could happen: state arbitrariness. [...]

scholarly journals Giurisprudenza e responsabilità morale: Il "Buon Giudice" Magnaud = Jurisprudence and moral responsibility: "The Good Judge" Magnaud

2018 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mariella Robertazzi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
Good Judge ◽  
Shed Light

RIASSUNTO: Paul Magnaud, magistrato e politico francese operante tra la fine del XIX e gli inizi del XX secolo e divenuto noto con l'appellativo di "bon juge", ci offre l'opportunità di riflettere su un nodo ineliminabile della teoria e della prassi giuridica: il rapporto tra legge ed equitá, tra certezza del diritto ed esigenze di giustizia. Nel saggio vengono ricostruiti i casi principali di cui egli si occupò quando era presidente del Tribunale di Chateâu-Thierry al fine di riportare alla luce un episodio della storia del diritto che può dire ancora molto al dibattito giuridico e politico contemporaneo.ABSTRACT: Paul Magnaud, who was a French politician and magistrate, mainly active between the end of 19thand the beginning of 20th century and known as the “bon juge” provides the opportunity to reflect on an unavoidable issue concerning both legal theory and practice. The specific object of that focuses on the correlation between law and fairness, as well as, legal certainty and need of justice. This essay will retrace the most important legal cases he dealt with, when he was the president of the court of Chateâu-Thierry, in order to shed light on a specific case, pertaining to the annals of the history of law, which can enhance the current judicial and political debate.PAROLE CHIAVE: legge, equità, certezza del diritto, giustizia.KEYWORDS: law, fairness, legal certainty, justice.

scholarly journals Āgenskalna Vingrošanas un sporta biedrības darbība un nams Baldones ielā 7

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30-62
Author(s):  
Rita Apine
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Āgenskalna Vingrošanas un sporta biedrība bija viena no lielākajām un pazīstamākajām vācbaltiešu s porta organizācijām 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē. Tajā darbojušies dažādu profesiju sporta entuziasti, tostarp inženieri. Sporta dzīvē nozīmīgs bija biedrības 1910. gadā uzceltais nams Rīgā, Baldones ielā 7, kas līdz mūsdienām vairākkārt pārbūvēts. Pētījumā rodams bagātīgs materiāls par biedrību un tās namu līdz vācbaltiešu izceļošanai 1939. gadā. Izmantojot Latvijas Nacionālā arhīva Latvijas Valsts vēstures arhīva (LNA LVVA) dokumentus un preses materiālus, Rīgas Būvvaldes arhīva dokumentus, kā arī Latvijas Sporta muzeja krājumu, atklāti agrāk nezināmi fakti. Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society was one of the largest and best-known Baltic-German sports organizations in the first half of the 20th century. Sports enthusiasts of various professions, including engineers, participated in the activities of this society. The house built by the Society in 1910 at 7 Baldones Street, Riga, which has been rebuilt several times, played an important role in the sports life. The research presents comprehensive documentary evidence about the Society until the repatriation of the Baltic-Germans in 1939 and the history of its headquarters building. Using the documents and press materials from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LSHA) of the National Archives of Latvia (NAL), archive documents of the Riga Construction Board, as well as the collection of the Latvian Sports Museum, previously unknown facts have been revealed.

Ieskats latviešu folkloristikas terminoloģijas attīstībā

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Anita Helviga
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Folk Poetry ◽  
Latvian Academy

Latvian literary terminology and folklore studies terminology have many connections. Both areas have been comparatively understudied; especially, systemic and comprehensive analysis of folklore terminology should be carried out in broader research, which would require in-depth studies of emergence, loan, choice, use, inheritance, and succession of terms. This article mostly deals with historical or chronological aspect, providing a view into some essential lexicographic, monographic, and other resources of terms. The article aims to provide a view into the development of Latvian terminology in the 20th century (more precisely – from the beginning of independent Latvia until the restoration of independence after the Soviet occupation), paying attention to several resources of terminology. To reach the aim, a number of essential term sources of the field, which have had an impact on future terminology use and development, have been selected; characteristic of the resources is given, and specific examples are provided to illustrate the tendencies of the field’s terminology development. The publications, personalities, events, and discussions of the time help to understand what has happened in the newest terminology development period. The article draws from the following essential resources of terminology, which have had an impact on the Latvian folklore studies terminology: “Latvian Encyclopaedia” (Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīca, 1927–1940), “Introduction into Latvian Folk Poetry” (Ievads latviešu tautas dzejā, 1940) by Ludis Bērziņš (1870–1965), “General Conceptions about Folk Poetry” (Pamatjēdzieni par tautas dzeju, 1937) by Anna Bērzkalne (1891–1956), “Latvian Folklore” (Latviešu folklora, 1948) by Jānis Niedre (1909–1987), the Terminology Commission’s 8th Bulletin (1950), “Language of Latvian Folk Songs” (Latviešu tautasdziesmu valoda”, 1961) and “Works in Folklore Studies” (Raksti folkloristikā, 1968) by Arturs Ozols (1912–1964), “History of Latvian Folklore Studies” (Latviešu folkloristikas vēsture, 1989) by Ojārs Ambainis (1926–1995). The theoretical framework of the research consists of the studies in terminology theory and history by Māris Baltiņš and Valentīna Skujiņa, and the folklore studies history research by researchers at the Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia (Māra Vīksna, Dace Bula, Rita Treija, Anda Kubuliņa, Baibas Krogzeme-Mosgorda). Also, the minutes of the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences Terminology Commission available at the Latvian Academy of Sciences archive have been studied.

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