Education for Women and Girls in Iraq

Women in Iraq are still acquiring equality and equity in various aspects of their personal and professional lives. Hence, it is essential to identify factors that influence their education, emphasizing equity as it fulfills lives with strength, success, and prosperity. This chapter presents key challenges that impede a prosperous educational climate that is fair among genders. The chapter presents cultural, economic, social barriers, and pushbacks against women's education in Iraq, the overall impact of education decline, among other factors that reduce equity for women. The author then presents various solutions and recommendations based on an analytical evaluation to achieve education access, equality, and equity for Iraqi women. The chapter calls to develop effective policies and programs that target the identified cultural, societal, and infrastructure obstacles to help improve women's education in Iraq and assure equality and equity.

Kombinasi Voice Note dan Mind Mapping dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia secara Daring Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Online learning is one of the alternative solutions set by the government in an effort to carry out an educational climate during the Covid-19 pandemic. Online learning patterns at least require teachers to try to find ways to make distance learning fun and can meet the needs of students for scientific material. The combination of voice notes and mind mapping is an alternative that can be used as a means and media for online learning. The assumption is that most of the participants currently have a WhatsApp application so that it will not make it difficult for them with regards to devices or quotas. Meanwhile, for making mind mapping students can make their versions according to their respective versions so that they will get the sensation of learning while playing. Therefore, the problems of this article are Indonesian language learning technical with a combination of voice notes and mind mapping; and strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of learning Indonesian with a combination of voice notes and mind mapping. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis. The result of the research is that a combination of voice notes and mind mapping can be used for learning Indonesian online by following the proper technical implementation. The combination of the two has a positive and negative impact on learning. Keywords: Voice Note, Mind Mapping, Indonesian Language Learning

Bilingual education teachers’ perceptions of the educational climate and policies in the United States and Spain

Access to high-quality bilingual education is critical and has evolved in many different ways during the last decades. Given recent efforts to enhance bilingual education, it is important to examine the perceptions of the current education workforce who serve students in bilingual education programs. A hundred and sixty-four bilingual education professionals from Spain and the U.S. participated in the research. They completed a questionnaire about the effect of educational climate and policies in their own countries. Findings show that teachers from Spain rate bilingual education higher than teachers from the U.S. There are significant differences in their general perceptions and insights about resources, collaboration, students, parents and community. Being proficient in two languages seems to have a positive effect on two categories: general perceptions and perceptions about parents. Our findings also suggest that the years of teaching experience influence their responses and there is a need for more professional development in both countries.

fabulate ergo sum: a criação, o currículo e o cuidado com a vida

This essay discusses the possibility of turning what Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari called “fabulating” into a collective research method, insomuch as Deleuze and Guattari identified it as the invention of a collectivity that does not yet exist, a people to come. Given our current situation, in which the vital force of contemporary collectivities is undermined by the capitalist machine, this text inquires into the possibilities of an insurrection that begins with life in schools. If, as Bergson claimed, fabulating has a dark side that is inclined to the regulation of life, a philosophy of difference, on the other hand, conceptualizes the possibilities inherent in lived immanence. To fabulate would be, then, a question of creating possible existences. As such, this text proposes to fabulate, together with students from a suburban school in the municipality of Cariacica-ES, possible conditions of collective life in the school itself. Faced as it is by the market imperatives that govern the school and its curriculum, fabulation offers an approach and a methodology that promises to overcome this negative educational climate by fashioning larger than life images that transform and metamorphose conventional representations and concepts of collectivities, thereby enabling the invention of a people to come, and the creation of a commons and of a collective body capable of creating cognitive and affective domains that expand the limits of life.

Clima de aprendizaje en residencias: adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario D-RECT al español

Introducción. Medir el clima de aprendizaje es un aspecto relevante para estimar la calidad de los programas educativos. El Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) es un instrumento ampliamente reconocido para ese propósito. Objetivo. Realizar la adaptación transcultural y validación del D-RECT al español para su utilización en Argentina. Métodos. A partir del cuestionario original, se realizó el proceso de traducción, y posterior demostración de evidencia sobre validez de contenido (equivalencia lingüística y cultural, y representatividad de los ítems dentro del constructo), proceso de respuesta (pretesteo y entrevistas a grupo piloto), estructura interna y confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y estudio G). Resultados. Cumplidas las etapas de adaptación transcultural, validación de contenido y del proceso de respuesta, 403 residentes de diferentes especialidades contestaron la versión en español del cuestionario e ingresaron al estudio. El análisis de propiedades psicométricas se realizó con los 392 cuestionarios completos, revelando evidencia favorable sobre la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento. Conclusión. Se realizó la adaptación transcultural del cuestionario D-RECT y se confirmó su adecuada validez y confiabilidad para evaluar el clima de aprendizaje en residencias de Argentina.

Towards Consensus on the School Library Learning Environment: A Systematic Search and Review

The school library as a learning environment has been described by some as a dynamic domain where dedicated professionals and students engage collaboratively in an active and evolving educational climate. Although the field of classroom learning environment research can be charted internationally over the past several decades, journal article literature fails to consistently and coherently identify specific aspects of the school library learning environment and methods to evaluate outcomes. A systematic search and review of the literature using the learning environment as the primary search term revealed a set of 10 elements associated with this concept but few evaluation methods. Clearly defining school library learning environments could aid in the development and evaluation of school libraries as places where librarians and teachers transform and influence student lives and learning.

Students’ Perceptions of Educational Climate in a Spanish School of Dentistry Using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: A Longitudinal Study

Background: Educational Climate (EC) may determine teacher and student behaviour. Our aim was to evaluate EC longitudinally in a period of ‘curricular transition’ from traditional (teacher-centred learning) to Bologna curricula (interactive student-centred learning). Methods: The ‘Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure’ (DREEM) questionnaire was completed by 397 students from a Spanish School of Dentistry. Students’ perception was assessed in different courses and academic years. Results: The overall EC scale average was 115.70 ± 20.20 (57.85%) and all domain values showed a percentage > 52%, which were interpreted as ‘positive and acceptable’. The EC mean was: 118.02 ± 17.37 (59.01%) for 2010–2011; 116.46 ± 19.79 (58.23%) for 2013–2014; 115.60 ± 21.93 (57.80%) for 2014–2015; 112.02 ± 22.28 (56.01%) for 2015–2016, interpreted as ‘more positive than negative EC’. The worst Learning domain scores corresponded to later academic years and may reflect the Bologna curriculum’s more intensive clinical training involving greater responsibility and self-learning. Conclusions: EC and its domains were perceived more positively than negatively. The Social domain was the most positively evaluated, while the Learning domain was the worst.