scholarly journals On the Social and Empirical Nature of Kant’s Transcendental Anthropocentrism: The Problem of Human Nature

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (29) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Oleg Leszczak
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Human Being ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Formal Aspect ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
The Social

This paper presents a conceptual-discursive analysis of Immanuel Kant’s texts from the viewpoint of the ontological essence of humanity (the so-called human nature). On the basis of a functional-pragmatic methodology, the author proposes a metalanguage for a pragmatic conceptual analysis of Kant’s philosophical discourse, together with his own idea of a human as a person, human being, individual, character, and bearer of human traits. The paper consists of two parts. Part One presents the principles by which the human personality is structured, as well as the fundamental methodological questions of the essence of humanity. Part Two analyzes Kant’s notion of “human nature” in both the formal aspect and that of systematic localization. It also considers the issues of social pragmatics and the empirical motivation of “human nature,” which arise from a discursive analysis of texts by Kant. The author attempts to demonstrate that Kant was one of the first philosophers to discern the specificity of human nature in social relations of human personality, which he presented neither in a causal-deterministic form (as a spiritual substance handed down from generation to generation) nor an essentialist one (as a timeless transcendental essence), but rather as a function of social experience for a particular human being (both pragmatic-teleological and transcendental-a posteriori).

Cyborg Anthropology

2022 ◽  
pp. 145-201
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Social

In this chapter, the body is re-envisioned as a cybernetic organism, and new types of exchange of information, matter, and energy are anaylsed. Through the cybernetic understanding of a human being as a machine system, it is possible for man to modify and replace lost organs or functions and create a partially artificial being. When the body becomes a scientific and technological creation and real relationships become a cyborg prosthesis of the non-human, the body and the social relations become a problem of cybernetic functioning.

scholarly journals Socialising tourism after COVID-19: reclaiming tourism as a social force?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Higgins-Desbiolles ◽  
Bobbie Chew Bigby ◽  
Adam Doering
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis article considers the possibilities of and barriers to socialising tourism after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such an approach allows us to transform tourism and thereby evolve it to be of wider benefit and less damaging to societies and ecologies than has been the case under the corporatised model of tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual analysis draws on the theorisation of “tourism as a social force” and the new concept of “socialising tourism”. Using critical tourism approaches, it seeks to identify the dynamics that are evident in order to assess the possibilities for socialising tourism for social and ecological justice. It employs an Indigenous perspective that the past, present and future are interconnected in its consideration of tourism futures.FindingsCOVID-19 has fundamentally disrupted tourism, travel and affiliated industries. In dealing with the crisis, borders have been shut, lockdowns imposed and international tourism curtailed. The pandemic foregrounded the renewal of social bonds and social capacities as governments acted to prevent economic and social devastation. This disruption of normality has inspired some to envision radical transformations in tourism to address the injustices and unsustainability of tourism. Others remain sceptical of the likelihood of transformation. Indeed, phenomena such as vaccine privilege and vaccine tourism are indicators that transformations must be enabled. The authors look to New Zealand examples as hopeful indications of the ways in which tourism might be transformed for social and ecological justice.Practical implicationsThis conceptualisation could guide the industry to better stakeholder relations and sustainability.Social implicationsSocialising tourism offers a fruitful pathway to rethinking tourism through a reorientation of the social relations it fosters and thereby transforming its social impacts for the better.Originality/valueThis work engages with the novel concept of “socialising tourism”. In connecting this new theory to the older theory of “tourism as a social force”, this paper considers how COVID-19 has offered a possible transformative moment to enable more just and sustainable tourism futures.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF «HUMAN NATURE» AS AN AXIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Guzel K. Saikina ◽  
◽  
Zulfiya Z. Ibragimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ontological Framework

In the philosophy of the 20th century, the idea of the absence of nature in man was established, due to which the concept of «human nature» became a rudiment in anthropological knowledge, and man himself began to be comprehended as «unsupported». In the era of the «biotechnological revolution», this concept turns out to be inconvenient for the transgressive game of man with his own limits. However, the problematization of a person in modern anthropological discourse can occur in many respects precisely through questioning the human nature. In the era of developed biotechnologies, for the purposes of human ecology, modern anthropology should not so much deny as assert the nature of man, since the concept of «human nature» indicates an ontological framework that preserves the authenticity of man, ensuring the continuity of all his historical forms. In contrast to the interpretation of the concept of human nature as opposed to the social essence (as a base physical, material, biological, vital part of human being), it is heuristically significant to elevate it to a socially significant axiological principle, filling it with value content by raising the status of the human nature. This is especially important due to the fact that this concept is substantively included in ethical, social and humanitarian expertise of biotechnological projects. Without the axiological development of this concept, bioethical and ecological discourses will lose strength and persuasiveness. A person is always incomplete, multidimensional, multifaceted, therefore there cannot be a single essential idea of a person capable of becoming the cementing foundation of anthropological knowledge, as the first generation of «philosophical anthropology» representatives hoped for. Still, man is one anthropological type with a single nature. As a result of the study, a hypothesis has been put forward that it is the reanimation of the concept of «human nature» that will give unity to anthropological knowledge and become its «ideological core».

scholarly journals THE GAME AS A PHENOMENON OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOCIAL RELATIONS VIRTUALIZATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Olga Kivlyuk ◽  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Qualities

Due to the digital technologies and the possibilities of modern means of communication, the functioning of virtual space as a new symbolic environment is a specific form of human being that forms new needs, phobias, cultural markers, new faces of the image of one's own «I» and others. The lack of personal communication, in the context of transfer to the virtual area, opens up unlimited possibilities for a person, allows you to undertake any role, blurs socio-cultural boundaries, forms new personal qualities and the like. A person, while in a virtual space, perceives it as a parallel reality, and himself - as a game character with the corresponding rules.

scholarly journals SOME FEATURES OF MUSLIM LAW: NEW TRENDS IN ITS DEVELOPMENT

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
N.L. Seitakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The essence of the integration process in Muslim law has expressed in the enlargement and consolidation of the social relations through the definite points, objects of the concentration of the tension and gradual incorporation of the human being into the community with the system of the relations, with the global order, based on the balance of the regulating influence of the legal systems of the different states and synchronic of the regulating behavior in the different societies. The movable force of the process of the integration is inside the system of the society and social relations in the world scale. Muslim law is an Islamic doctrine about the rules of behavior of the Muslims. The main content of Muslim law is the rules of behavior of believers, that follow from the Sharia and sanctions for non-compliance with these regulations. It was formed in the VII-X centuries in the connection with the formation of the Muslim state - Caliphate. The formation of Muslim law was caused, on the one hand, by the need to bring the actual law in line with the religious norms of Islam, on the other hand, by the need to regulate public relations on the principles, based on the religious and ethical teachings of Islam.

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

10.12737/259 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Гелих
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Is Management ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Social Management

Is management a social phenomenon that undermines the freedom of human nature and fundamentals of its vitality? Or management is the social phenomenon and human invention that by means of its regulating fundamentals increases not only the humanity power but the power of individual, who fi nds in managed organizations his own unique place, vocation, opportunity to show his unique abilities. Here are the key issues or two-in-one key issue that considers thus stated human personality, its individual and collective capabilities.

Humans, nature and dialectical materialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 030981682092912
Author(s):  
Yuliya Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Metabolic Rift ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dialectical Thought ◽  
Innate Tendency

Capitalist relations are the crucial object of social critique due to their innate tendency to accelerate the metabolic rift and alienation, yet, I argue, our focus should stretch beyond capitalist relations. Indeed, both ecocidal and conservationist tendencies have occurred in multiple historical forms of social relations, including socialist societies, for example, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. These are phenomena that reiterate the social, rather than purely capitalist relations as the driver of environmental destruction. Metabolic rifts occur due to malfunctioning of the human–human/human–nature relationships and it is the elimination and prevention of that malfunctioning that must be the aim of radical environmental politics and policies, not merely (the necessary) elimination of capitalist relations. This article contributes to the symposium in three complementary ways. First, it critiques the application of dialectical reading of human–nature relations as articulated in the Foster–Moore debate in its own right. Second, it rearticulates that reading through the lens of the dialectical biospheric analytics of late Soviet ecology. And third, it invokes the dialectical thought of Evald Ilyenkov.

scholarly journals How Humanistic Is Positive Psychology? Lessons in Positive Psychology From Carl Rogers' Person-Centered Approach—It's the Social Environment That Must Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Carl Rogers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Both positive psychology and the person-centered approach share a common aim to promote human flourishing. In this article I will discuss how the person-centered approach is a form of positive psychology, but positive psychology is not necessarily person-centered. I will show how the person-centered approach offers a distinctive view of human nature that leads the person-centered psychologist to understand that if people are to change, it is not the person that we must try to change but their social environment. Centrally, the paper suggests that respecting the humanistic image of the human being and, consequently, influencing people's social environment to facilitate personal growth would mean a step forward for positive psychology and would promote cross-fertilization between positive psychology and the person-centered approach instead of widening their gap.

scholarly journals Plaga bezprawia. Wojna domowa i paradoks władzy suwerennej

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 183-204
Author(s):  
Michał Pospiszyl
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This paper consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the role of the Athenian plague in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. There are indications that the civil war that broke out in the country, weakened by plague, was not simply the result of a historical and degraded human nature. Instead of using evil human nature as the key for understanding each social conflict, I suggest interpreting the Athenian civil war (stasis) as a symptom of non-egalitarian social relations. The  second part of the paper is devoted to the birth of modern capitalism and the analysis of Thomas Hobbes’ philosophy. An English philosopher, Hobbes not only translated The History of the Peloponnesian War, but was also an author who treated the reality of modern civil wars as a principal point of reference. Hobbes created his philosophy mainly as a result of fearing a conflict that could undermine the existing division of power and wealth. The result of this fear was a mechanism that I refer to as the paradox of sovereign power. It was a process during which the authority that had been established to defend society against lawlessness and chaos dominated the social life, not respecting existing laws and customs, and thus creating the very world it was supposed to protect the people from. The third part is devoted to Walter Benjamin’s criticism of sovereign power. Observing the same processes as Hobbes did, the German philosopher viewed them from the inside (i.e., from the perspective of the victims of modern progress, the same view that aroused fear in the author of Leviathan). Benjamin argued that the social order established at the threshold of modernity was built on unlawful violence (primitive accumulation) and that the condition for its duration was the permanent reproduction of this lawlessness (hence, the thesis of the state of emergency, which has become the rule). According to Benjamin, this vicious circle of violence can only be escaped by recovering the memory of folk traditions, past class struggles, lost revolutions and social systems that, like the Paris Commune, pose the possibility of life liberated from the yoke.

Personhood

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-288
Author(s):  
John Frow
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Person ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Material World ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
Natural Person ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mode Of Being

Legal personhood is distinct from and dependent on ordinary understandings of what it means to be a human person. Yet not every human being is a person (slaves are not, for example), and there are some non-human entities (such as corporations) which are. The legal category of the person is thus at once continuous and discontinuous with that of the natural person, designating a subject of rights and duties along a spectrum from full to very partial personhood. Moreover, the mode of being of natural persons is by no means self-evident, because the status of the “natural” person is itself constituted by a juridical demarcation of the boundaries of embodied human being and by distinct institutional and practical conditions of constitution, and natural persons are not necessarily coextensive with their bodies. While Western models of personhood are based on the coherence and continuity of the self as rational or ethical substance, quite different ways of understanding personhood are found in other cultures, where persons may be taken to be the sum of their social relations or of the exchange of substances between their bodies and the rest of the social and material world. Similarly, in most cultures persons are constituted by their relation to the generations of the dead from whom they inherit, to the gods, and to the unborn descendants to whom property and some of the components of kinship (a name, a status, a genetic inheritance) are to be passed on.

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