scholarly journals Nomino-Adjectival Collocation in Written Production of L2 French

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Vitalija Kazlauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Know How ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Language Context ◽  
The Relationship

 The acquisition of lexical competence is complex, since it is not enough for learners to distinguish the form and the meaning of a lexical element in order to know how to correctly integrate it into the language context. Learners prefer some lexical combinations to others. Generally speaking, these combinations are determined by usage and by frequency of use in the target language. The question of frequency leads to characterizing the particular cases of co-occurrences as collocations (Anctil, Tremblay 2016). According to Tutin and Grossmann, “one often characterizes collocations by the fact that the meaning is transparent in reception (it is “guessed”), whereas, for a non-native speaker, it is difficult to produce the appropriate lexemes” (Tutin, Grossmann 2002). We will try to verify this statement and define the regularities of lexical combinations in L2 French interlanguage of Lithuanian learners. The aims of this presentation is to take stock of the frequencies and particularities of nomino-adjectival collocations in the written productions of non-native French learners, without claiming to be exhaustive. Thanks to the corpus at our disposal, we have extracted certain characteristics of nomino-adjectival collocations specific to interlanguage. Nomino-adjectival collocations are characterized by the structure (Adj) + N + (Adj) in the corpus. Collocations of the N + Adj type are more frequent than that of the Adj + N type. The corpus also reveals that the combination of words is not always characteristic of the general language. The process of interference and hybridization can be seen as an essential contamination of collocations, both lexically and syntactically. However, partially set phrases, in other words collocations, are an important way of expressing themselves for learner with B1 level. The results of this study demonstrate that the analysis of collocational constructions can reveal the relationship between competence and performance of speakers. This type of data could also form the basis of various scientific approaches relating to teaching and learning of foreign languages.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Analysis of Future Tense Markers in Indonesian EFL Textbooks for Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Ikmi Nur Oktavianti ◽  
Icuk Prayogi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
American English ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Language Context

A well-designed textbook can enhance the teaching and learning of a foreign language and it should also consider the authenticity aspect of the target language. This paper aims at studying the use of future tense markers (i.e. will, be going to) in three EFL textbooks for senior high school in Indonesia and comparing to one of the biggest English corpora, Corpus of Contemporary American English, to investigate the authenticity of the textbooks. This study employs corpus-based analysis as it focuses on the frequency and collocates of future tense markers. This study, however, delimits the scope in conversations of the textbooks and the spoken sub-corpus. It shows that, although ‘will’ and ‘be going to’ are used in the textbooks and the corpus, there are some distinctions observed, be they the frequency of use or the collocates preceding the future tense markers. As for the semantic of the verb collocates, there seem to have many differences. These differences then need to be revisited and re-evaluated to improve Indonesian EFL textbooks materials to equip the English learners in a foreign language context with actual language use.

scholarly journals Do not give up! The importance of mistakes in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Eduardo Dias da Silva ◽  
Romar Souza-Dias ◽  
Juscelino Francisco do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Learning Programs

This paper aims to highlight the importance of errors and mistakes as an essential part in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages (FL). We understand that, while trying to produce meanings in the foreign language, learners, through some errors and mistakes, can develop the mental structures necessary for the consolidation of the target language. In this way, mistakes can e a strong tool indicator for teachers to assess and also to understand how far learners are in relation to the intended knowledge, according to objectives outlined in learning programs. The theoretical approach that orients our way of thinking is based on the point of view of some theorists, such as: Brito (2014); Corder (1967; 1985), Cavalari (2008); Richards and Rodgers (2004); Silva (2014); Simões (2007), among others. The results have demonstrated that the teacher, as a mediator of knowledge, must have a balanced attitude towards the students’ learning needs in order to help the learners to reach their best in the learning process. So, with this study, we expect that, in Teacher Education, mistakes could not be seen as something negative, but positive and necessary for the development of the student’s communicative competence.

Does year 12 French improve proficiency?

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Anne L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Data ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Perceived Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Students Satisfaction

Abstract Do students believe that Year 12 LOTE courses contribute to the development of oral and aural proficiency in the target language? Attitudinal and performance data collected from university French 1 students shed some light on students’ satisfaction with their Year 12 LOTE course and on the relationship among perceived outcomes, course components, language of instruction and language performance. The findings, while not definitive, provide some insights for secondary and tertiary LOTE teachers, together with some baseline data for further research into the success of school language programs.

scholarly journals Communication strategies of English native speaker teacher in the teaching and learning process in a kindergarten

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 00046
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mestriani ◽  
I Ketut Seken ◽  
I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Know How ◽  
Native Speaker Teacher ◽  
English Native Speaker ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

In Dyatmika Kindergarten, the students came from different cultural backgrounds and nations. They were taught by English native speaker teacher in English sessions. The students sometimes might understand the intention of the teacher; however, sometimes they might not understand at all. Therefore, the teacher should know how they communicate with the students to avoid misunderstanding. This study aimed at identifying, describing and explaining communication strategies used by English native speaker teacher at Dyatmika Kindergarten during English sessions of the teaching and learning process. This study used descriptive qualitative design, and the data collected through observation and interview. The data were analyzed using taxonomy of communication strategies by Dornyei and Scott (1995). The result indicated there were thirteen communication strategies used by the English native speaker teacher in teaching and learning process. The use of communication strategies by English native speaker teacher was expected to inspire other teachers inside and outside Dyatmika Kindergarten when they communicate with students and make the students understand the message conveyed by the teachers.

scholarly journals Learnability in the second language acquisition of semantics: a bidirectional study of a semantic parameter

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roumyana Slabakova
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Property ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The One ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Relationship

The study investigates the relationship between input, UG (Universal Grammar) parameter values, and the native language in the acquisition of a purely semantic property that is superficially unrelated to its syntactic trigger, The Bare Noun/Proper Name parameter (Longobardi, 1991; 1994; 1996; 2001; 2005). On the one hand, English and Italian bare nouns have identical syntactic form and distribution, but differ in available interpretations. On the other hand, proper names display cross-linguistic constant meaning but variable word order. Variation in this respect can be accounted for by a parameter that is set to one value in English and another one in Italian. A bidirectional study of the two properties was conducted. Individual results calculated with the native speaker accuracy as the cut-off point for successful acquisition indicate that parametric restructuring is attested in both learning directions. In the English [.arrowright] Italian direction, the lack of one native interpretation in the target language (a contracting of the grammar) is achieved in the absence of negative evidence, in a Poverty of the Stimulus situation. In both directions, the semantic property is acquired based on input and/or positive evidence for the syntactic side of the parameter.

scholarly journals DALLA LINGUA MATERNA ALLA SECONDA LINGUA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Maria Manganaro
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Learning a second language, in addition to the mother tongue, helps to significantly improve the maturation and cultural education of the child, and to enhance its expressive and communicative skills. The 85 New Programs for the Primary School, emphasize the need to strengthen the pupils’ ability to make linguistic relationship with various interlocutors using the language in its variety of codes and its main functions. You need to direct the child to take account of extra-linguistic elements (situations, characters, topics, roles) as a fundamental condition for understanding texts and to produce oral and written messages, in relation to cognitive situations. On 1 September 2012, the Minister Profumo issues the New Indications, maintaining continuity with the previous ones. They assume an intercultural aspect, which concerns, not only the presence of foreign students in the classes, but also an open attitude towards the world and the reality of which the younger generation will be part. In recent years, mankind has achieved a considerable progress in the field of mass communication, the economic and cultural exchanges with different peoples and in the field of science and technology; hence the use of foreign languages is becoming indispensable tool of modern man, open to a broader vision of life. In this regard, school is primarily called to make its contribution, because it first must fulfill these needs, as an institution to which it is specifically entrusted with the task of preparing the new generations in society. So the early teaching of a second language is possible, as long as you lay down clearly achievable goals and implement a suitable educational mediation. In addition, to know how one acquires a language, you have to observe the evolution in the period of growth of the child since he is infant and, above all, the relationship between language and thought.Keywords: Learning a second language - L2 - Bilingualism - Learning motivationRiassunto.Apprendere una seconda lingua oltre a quella materna contribuisce a migliorare in modo considerevole la maturazione e la formazione culturale del bambino, nonché a potenziare le sue capacità espressive e comunicative. I Nuovi Programmi dell’85, per la Scuola Elementare, mettono in evidenza la necessità di potenziare nell’alunno la capacità di porsi in relazione linguistica con interlocutori diversi usando la lingua nella sua varietà di codici e nelle sue numerose funzioni. Bisogna avviare il bambino a tener conto degli elementi extralinguistici (situazioni, personaggi, argomenti, ruoli) come condizione fondamentale per comprendere testi e per produrre messaggi, orali e scritti, rapportati alla situazione cognitiva. Il 1° Settembre 2012 il Ministro Profumo emana le nuove indicazioni, mantenendo una continuità con quelle precedenti. Esse assumono un carattere interculturale, che non riguarda soltanto la presenza di alunni stranieri nelle classi, ma anche un atteggiamento di apertura verso il mondo e la realtà in cui si troveranno le giovani generazioni. Negli ultimi anni l’umanità ha raggiunto un notevole progresso nell’ambito delle comunicazioni di massa, degli scambi economico-commerciali e culturali con diversi popoli e nel campo delle scienze e della tecnologia, di conseguenza l’uso delle lingue straniere è diventato strumento indispensabile dell’uomo moderno, aperto ad una visione più ampia ed universale della vita. A tal proposito, la scuola è chiamata principalmente a dare il suo contributo, perché essa in primo luogo, come istituzione a cui è specificatamente affidato il compito di preparare le nuove generazioni alla vita sociale, deve assolvere a queste necessità. Dunque l’insegnamento precoce di una seconda lingua è possibile, purché si fissino chiaramente gli obiettivi raggiungibili e si attui un’ idonea mediazione didattica. Inoltre, per sapere come si acquisisce una lingua, bisogna osservare le evoluzioni nel periodo di crescita del bambino sin da quando è infante e, soprattutto il rapporto intercorrente tra linguaggio epensiero.Parole Chiave: Apprendere una seconda lingua- L2- Bilinguismo- Motivazione all’apprendimento

scholarly journals Essence of Authenticity and its Criteria in the English Language Classroom.

2018 ◽  
pp. 1088-1093
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Syunina ◽  
Iskander E. Yarmakeev ◽  
Tatiana S. Pimenova ◽  
Albina R. Abdrafikova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Teaching Techniques ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Authenticity In Teaching ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Pedagogical Literature

The main goal of our research was to analyze students can sound authentic in the English language classroom. The theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature plus the analysis of the empirical experience of teaching foreign languages were chosen as the leading research methods. the results showed that most of the surveyed students expressed a wish to be able to sound authentic and improve their language skills. When the essence of authenticity in teaching and learning EFL is identified and approbated there can be chosen appropriate teaching techniques and learning activities which have the power of bridging the eternal divergence between two targets of L2 learners: sounding more like a native speaker or simply sounding more fluent. This frames the research goal of the experiment which is scheduled to be conducted at the second (final) stage of the research.

scholarly journals Spoken Latin in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (40) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Moran
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
First Language ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Subject

Did educated people in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance use Latin routinely (Medieval Latin and Neo-Latin), rather than a regional vernacular, to conduct real-life conversations about ordinary, everyday matters? Were they taught how to do this in the schools of the day with the help of specimen written dialogues (colloquia)? Did their teachers use a Renaissance equivalent of the ‘direct method’, and did they teach Latin in the way that modern foreign languages are taught today? Or was spoken Latin, with a simulacrum of practical relevance to everyday life, a way of ‘bringing the subject to life’, an enjoyable diversion from the standard pedagogical fare (the ‘grammar grind’)? These are the questions that this article addresses. I argue that Latin was not generally used for everyday conversations, and that students were not taught how to conduct them outside the classroom any more than they are today, though spoken Latin was used as a medium for teaching and learning Latin, as it is to some extent today. Since Latin was not the first language of any native speaker, and since it was learned as a language primarily for reading and writing, comparisons with the teaching of modern foreign languages are specious. I also argue that spoken Latin today, as a pedagogical tool, is best kept out of the classroom and used, if it must be used, as a hobby or a pastime. It has limited usefulness as a means of learning Latin to a meaningful level (a level at which the learner can engage with original Latin texts). And the kind of Latin that is spoken in the classroom, an attempt to render a spoken form of Classical Latin, however ‘correct’ it may be grammatically and phonologically (and the grammar and phonology even of Classical Latin changed over time), is most unlikely to have been spoken routinely in the same kind of informal situations by an educated (one who is adept in Classical Latin) native speaker of Latin. In fact, the more ‘correct’ it is, the less likely it is to resemble authentic everyday spoken Latin, even of the educated elite that learned Classical Latin. This is even more the case after Classical Latin came increasingly to be different from the contemporary Latin that anyone spoke, and had increasingly to be learned from grammar books as if it were a second language. What Quintilian says of written Latin may be said of educated spoken Latin too: aliud est Latine, aliud grammatice scribere.

scholarly journals TEACHING ASSESSMENT TO DEVELOP ESP STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS

2018 ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Branislava Ličen ◽  
Vesna Bogdanović
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Teaching Assessment ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Speaking Skills

The demand for changing the conceptions of teaching and learning has brought peer- and self-assessment into the classroom. This paper presents the challenges teachers have to face while preparing the assessment process for the ESP classroom, with a special emphasis on developing ESP students’ speaking skills. It is of primary importance that teachers know how to prepare the assessment criteria, how to instruct students on this topic and provide them with adequate feedback while avoiding possible barriers and misunderstandings along the process. The paper further demonstrates how students become active participants in the learning process and are asked to contribute in providing assessment criteria and feedback. While learning speaking skills, students also learn how to assess themselves and others. That enables them to raise awareness of the most common problems and mistakes they encounter when developing their communication skills and increases the overall level of their language ability and performance. As a result, teachers might dedicate more time to other useful classroom activities.

scholarly journals Essence of Authenticity and its Criteria in the English Language Classroom

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Syunina ◽  
Iskander E. Yarmakeev ◽  
Tatiana S. Pimenova ◽  
Albina R. Abdrafikova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Teaching Techniques ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Authenticity In Teaching ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Pedagogical Literature

The main goal of our research was to analyze students can sound authentic in the English language classroom. The theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature plus the analysis of the empirical experience of teaching foreign languages were chosen as the leading research methods. the results showed that most of the surveyed students expressed a wish to be able to sound authentic and improve their language skills. When the essence of authenticity in teaching and learning EFL is identified and approbated there can be chosen appropriate teaching techniques and learning activities which have the power of bridging the eternal divergence between two targets of L2 learners: sounding more like a native speaker or simply sounding more fluent. This frames the research goal of the experiment which is scheduled to be conducted at the second (final) stage of the research.

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