scholarly journals DE LA TRADUCTOLOGIE DES ÉTATS D’ÂME ET «VICE VERSA»: VERS UNE ÉTUDE DES ASPECTS PSYCHOLOGIQUES EN TRADUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nicolas Froeliger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aspects Psychologiques

Written in French, this paper is a reflection on how to set up a sociological study of translator behavior and decision-making based on the study of actually translated texts. A few hurdles have to be overcome in that perspective: (1) that of insignificance: this research (in the author’s humble opinion) has to be insightful not only for translation studies specialists, but first and foremost to translators themselves; (2) that of striking a balance between outliers (i.e. genuine but isolated cases) and generic (i.e. generalizable, but not meaningful) cases in the context of growing use of computer assisted tools; (3) that of using psychology and sociology in order to build a translation theory rather than the reverse. Eventually, it points toward three instances of acceptability: that of individual and collective behavior, that of the results achieved, and that of the translation professions in the eyes of society at large. The methodological issues raised by such research will be dealt with in a further paper.

Semiotics East and West: an aesthetic-semiotic approach to translating the iconicity of classical Chinese poetry

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangxu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Classical Chinese Poetry ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Sacrifice

Abstract For some Western translators before the twentieth century, domestication was their strategy to translate the classical Chinese poetry into English. But the consequence of this strategy was the sacrifice of the ideogrammic nature of these poems. The translators in the twentieth century, especially the Imagist poets and translators in the 1930s, overcame the problems of their predecessors and their translation theory and practice was close to that of the contemporary semiotic translators. But both Imagist translators and contemporary semiotic translators have the problem of indifference to the feeling of the original in their translations. For the problem of translating the classical Chinese poetry by the Westerners before the twentieth century and the Imagist poets and translators of the twentieth century, see Zhao and Flotow 2018. This paper attempts to set up an aesthetic-semiotic approach to the translation of the iconicity of classical Chinese poetry on the basis of the examination of both Eastern and Western translation studies.

scholarly journals Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis in Translation Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kussmaul ◽  
Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Use Of Models

Abstract Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis in Translation Studies: This paper reports on think-aloud protocol (TAP) research in Finland and Germany. It discusses some methodological issues: choice of subjects, TAPs in a language-learning and in a professional context, monologue and dialogue protocols, the use of models provided by psycholinguistics. Two types of processes - successful and less successful ones - are distinguished and specified as to the subjects' comprehension and reverbalisation processes, their focus of attention, decision-making, monitoring, flexibility, creative thinking and attitude toward the task. Some tentative results of the research going on in Germany and Finland are presented. The results are expected to serve as hypotheses for the teaching of translation.

scholarly journals Teaching translation: university courses in "Translation Theory and Practice" of the early 1930s

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
University Courses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Translation Methodology ◽  
Official Recognition

The article describes the programs of the first academic institutions, which started running translation courses as early as the 1930s: the Ukrainian Institute of Linguistic Education set up in Kyiv (with a branch in Kharkiv) in May of 1930 and the Moscow Institute for Modern Languages founded in July of the same year. The article shares new archival findings and analyzes the content of two syllabi in translation studies. The first course entitled “Translation Methodology” and compiled by Mikhailo Kalynovych was designed for the second-year students for the 1932/33 academic year in Kyiv/ Kharkiv; the second course “Theory and Practice of Translation” was compiled by Dmitrii Usov in Moscow in 1934. Usov’s course is made public for the first time here. The comparative analysis of these two documents demonstrates that both programs addressed a wide range of issues that extended far beyond purely practical concerns. The article also provides brief information on the scholars who stood at the origins of the new discipline of Translation Studies several decades before its official recognition (Mykola Zerov, Mykhailo Kalynovych, and Dmitrii Usov). The article also discusses the lists of recommended literature to the syllabi, which proves that Russian and Ukrainian scholars worked with a close eye on each other’s achievements, programs, and developing ideas.

scholarly journals Practical considerations for creating a strategic and proactive clinical safety and pharmacovigilance organization for the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Magnus Nord ◽  
Magnus Ysander ◽  
Tim Sullivan ◽  
Mayur Patel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Operating Model ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Patent Expiry ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Future Business

OBJECTIVE: In 2012, Patient Safety (PS) in AstraZeneca was facing a situation with multiple challenges, scientifically and structurally. To meet these and support AstraZeneca’s ambition to return to growth after years of patent expiry, we undertook a project to fundamentally revisit ways of working to create an organisation set up to provide strategic safety in support of drug project decision-making. METHOD: In this paper, we describe the challenges we faced, the project to deliver changes to respond to them, and the methodology used. The project had two main components: creating a new operating model and simplifying the procedural framework. RESULTS: It was delivered in a focused effort by internal PS resources with cross-functional input. The framework simplification resulted in a 71% reduction in procedural documents and a survey of PS staff revealed an increase in satisfaction of 10%–20% across all scores. CONCLUSIONS: With >3 years of observation time, this project has provided AstraZeneca with a PS organisation able to provide strategic safety, supporting successful portfolio delivery, while ensuring patient safety and maintaining compliance with global pharmacovigilance regulations. It has driven efficiency and set the foundation for continued organisational evolution to meet future business needs in an everchanging environment.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Screening by Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Part 2 – Key Elements for Programmatic Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Delorme ◽  
Rudolf Kaaks
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level

Purpose For screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) to be effective, the benefits must outweigh the potential risks. In large lung cancer screening studies, a mortality reduction of approx. 20 % has been reported, which requires several organizational elements to be achieved in practice. Materials and Methods The elements to be set up are an effective invitation strategy, uniform and quality-assured assessment criteria, and computer-assisted evaluation tools resulting in a nodule management algorithm to assign each nodule the needed workup intensity. For patients with confirmed lung cancer, immediate counseling and guideline-compliant treatment in tightly integrated regional expert centers with expert skills are required. First, pulmonology contacts as well as CT facilities should be available in the participant’s neighborhood. IT infrastructure, linkage to clinical cancer registries, quality management as well as epidemiologic surveillance are also required. Results An effective organization of screening will result in an articulated structure of both widely distributed pulmonology offices as the participants’ primary contacts and CT facilities as well as central expert facilities for supervision of screening activities, individual clarification of suspicious findings, and treatment of proven cancer. Conclusion In order to ensure that the benefits of screening more than outweigh the potential harms and that it will be accepted by the public, a tightly organized structure is needed to ensure wide availability of pulmonologists as first contacts and CT facilities with expert skills and high-level equipment concentrated in central facilities. Key Points:  Citation Format

Compliance control as a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of businesses in e-commerce

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1518
Author(s):  
Vilena A. YAKIMOVA ◽  
Viktor S. RADOMSKII
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Compliance Control ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
It Risk

Subject. The article focuses on organizational and methodological issues of internal compliance control in e-commerce businesses. Objectives. We refine the design and technique of internal compliance control for e-commerce businesses. Methods. The study relies upon methods of analysis and generalization, grouping, systematization, risk-based, systems and business process approaches. Results. We devised the five-component compliance control sysem, determined its principles and functions ensuring the economic security of e-commerce businesses. We suggest conducting compliance procedures intended to mitigate IT risks and accounting for the specifics of e-commerce business processes. Conclusions and Relevance. In e-commerce, compliance control serves for identifying and monitoring compliance risks, ensuring safe operations of businesses, which is vital for people. The information system for IT risk protection was found to underlie compliance control, while control procedures can be classified into general and applied. The findings can be used to set up a reliable and effective compliance system for e-commerce businesses in order to prevent economic abuses and crime.

Independent Environmental Regulation in India: Less an Authority and more a Process from Below

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-626
Author(s):  
Tishyarakshit Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Primary Field ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Set Up

With India’s well-intentioned environmental laws and legal interpretations in place, there is still a perceptible weakness in the enforcement of her environmental regulations. This is ascribed to the centralised departmental structure and process of implementation, which prioritise clearances of developmental projects over monitoring and cleaning up of already polluted environments. Although in a democratic set-up, a lack of transparency and participation of knowledgeable stakeholders in decision-making are other process weaknesses noticed. Establishing an Independent Environmental Regulatory Authority has been tried repeatedly but given up mainly because its effectiveness depends on the same resources support as at present, on reliable primary field-level environmental data, not gathered regularly now and on sustained political support. Technically analysing the issues involved, this article suggests a process shift towards a locally relevant, transparent, decentralised, participative and area-science–value-based approach that can strengthen environmental regulation from below.

Decision-making in the translation of end-user license agreements

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-239
Author(s):  
Olga Torres-Hostench ◽  
Ramon Piqué Huerta ◽  
Pilar Cid Leal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
End User ◽  
License Agreements ◽  
Decision Making Criteria

EULAs (End-User License Agreements) present specific translation challenges, ones contingent on how the EULAs will be used. In a recent study, the decisions made by forty-seven translation students while translating a EULA were observed and analyzed. The aim of the study was threefold: (1) to observe the criteria used for decision-making when translating a EULA; (2) to observe how decision-making criteria changed after using specific resources designed for translating EULAs (lawcalisation.com); and (3) to evaluate the overall usefulness of the lawcalisation.com resource. Results suggest that by providing translators with a single website portal of specific resources, they were able not only to find the equivalents they needed but also to consult the relevant legal and translation information that ultimately helped them develop more solid criteria for translation decision-making. Decisions were guided by principles of law applicability, terminology, legislation, and translation studies Skopos theories.

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