Use of the Grubbs test to study the homogeneity of a NaI(Tl) detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Lins Ramos ◽  
César Marques Salgado ◽  
William Luna Salgado ◽  
Roos Sophia Dam ◽  
Francisco Oliveira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Grubbs Test

scholarly journals Improve of Footwear Comfort Sensation with Material Packages and Knitted Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3(135)) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioleta Serweta ◽  
Zbigniew Olejniczak ◽  
Małgorzata Matusiak
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Grubbs Test ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Footwear Comfort

The main goal of this paper was to analyse the hygienic properties of textile packages used for the construction of shoe uppers. Distance fabrics with varied hygienic properties were the basis of these packages. The discomfort indexes, which describe changes in footwear microclimate, were calculated according to the moisture absorbance capacity and temperature changes in the immediate surrounding of the foot skin surface. The experiment was done for a group of grain leather uppers, where the Grubbs test (a = 0.05) gave positive information about the outliers, describing such parameters as the water vapour permeability and water vapour coefficient. The phase changes of the shoe microclimate were detected via temperature and relative humidity sensors during simulation of the shoes used via an elliptical trainer for a group of 7 men. Statistically significant differences between the packages’ upper – lining confirmed the possibility of monitoring the circulation of biophysical mediums inside a footwear volume. The appropriate choice of package materials could raise the comfort conditions for users. For certain material configurations the microclimate conditions described by the discomfort index were improved.

scholarly journals Accurate Guidance Method and App Development for Assigning Parking Spaces Based on Indoor Wi-Fi

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Fuquan Pan ◽  
Haitao Pan ◽  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Jinshun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
App Development ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Utilization Ratio ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Grubbs Test

Existing parking guidance systems only provide road guidance outside the parking lot but do not provide accurate guidance to specific parking spaces inside the parking lot. By using a Kalman filter, the Grubbs test, and a neural network algorithm to improve the RSSI-based location fingerprint identification technology, an accurate location method based on indoor Wi-Fi is obtained, which implements precise route guidance and a reverse search function for parking spaces. We utilize Beidou positioning to develop a Gaode map for outdoor navigation and use an integrated system of ultrasonic detector/indicators and ground locks to manage parking spaces. Through the secondary development of an Android system and the application of a MySql database, an app for precise parking guidance was developed. The system makes full use of the Internet and parking information, eliminates information asymmetry, improves the utilization ratio of the urban static traffic resources, allocates parking spaces in real-time, breaks information islands, provides parking search and recommendation functions for users, achieves parking information-sharing, and effectively improves parking efficiency and the parking utilization ratio.

scholarly journals Analysis of the applicability of filtration methods for coordinate measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01093
Author(s):  
Fedor V. Grechnikov ◽  
Andrei V. Kochetkov ◽  
Oleg V. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Inverse Fourier Transform ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Gaussian Filter ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Grubbs Test

At present, surface metrology solves such important tasks as monitoring the production process and optimizing the exploitation of parts. A significant part of the measurements is performed by a contact method using Coordinate Measuring Machines. One of the important steps in the processing of measurement information is the filtration of the received signal. The existing standards regulate only the processes of measuring roundness and roughness. Therefore, researches on the applicability of filtration methods in the general case for coordinate measurements are relevant. Based on the review presented in the article, the filters that have received the greatest application in other fields of technology are defined by the strategy of their application for coordinate measurements. It is recommended to use the following sequence: elimination of gross errors based on the Grubbs’ test, discrete Fourier transform for revealing systematic errors, elimination of systematic errors from the signal, minimization of the random error with the bilateral Gaussian filter, surface reconstruction after filtering based on inverse Fourier transform. The above example of signal filtering for flatness confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Considerations on Outliers in Medical Sciences and Materials Characterization

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentiu Roland Cucuruz ◽  
Mircea Nicoară ◽  
Aurel Răduţă ◽  
Cosmin Locovei ◽  
Maria Cucuruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Materials Characterization ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Grubbs Test

Experimental research in both medical sciences and material science rely in many situations on a reduced quantity of available data, due to limited number of patients or high costs of samples. Some statistical data manipulation methods are discussed regarding their applicability, information content, value and limits. A special attention is given to the extreme values eliminated by the GRUBBS test. The necessity of the elimination of the extreme values is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Discovering Outliers of Potential Drug Toxicities Using a Large-scale Data-driven Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. CIN.S39549
Author(s):  
Jake Luo ◽  
Ron A. Cisler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Grubbs Test

We systematically compared the adverse effects of cancer drugs to detect event outliers across different clinical trials using a data-driven approach. Because many cancer drugs are toxic to patients, better understanding of adverse events of cancer drugs is critical for developing therapies that could minimize the toxic effects. However, due to the large variabilities of adverse events across different cancer drugs, methods to efficiently compare adverse effects across different cancer drugs are lacking. To address this challenge, we present an exploration study that integrates multiple adverse event reports from clinical trials in order to systematically compare adverse events across different cancer drugs. To demonstrate our methods, we first collected data on 186,339 clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov and selected 30 common cancer drugs. We identified 1602 cancer trials that studied the selected cancer drugs. Our methods effectively extracted 12,922 distinct adverse events from the clinical trial reports. Using the extracted data, we ranked all 12,922 adverse events based on their prevalence in the clinical trials, such as nausea 82%, fatigue 77%, and vomiting 75.97%. To detect the significant drug outliers that could have a statistically high possibility of causing an event, we used the boxplot method to visualize adverse event outliers across different drugs and applied Grubbs’ test to evaluate the significance. Analyses showed that by systematically integrating cross-trial data from multiple clinical trial reports, adverse event outliers associated with cancer drugs can be detected. The method was demonstrated by detecting the following four statistically significant adverse event cases: the association of the drug axitinib with hypertension (Grubbs’ test, P < 0.001), the association of the drug imatinib with muscle spasm ( P < 0.001), the association of the drug vorinostat with deep vein thrombosis ( P < 0.001), and the association of the drug afatinib with paronychia ( P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Detection of Outlier Observations in Piezometric Measurements: A Case Study in the Southern Region of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Stanisław Lach
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Earth Dams ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Suitable Test ◽  
Grubbs Test

One of the main modes of monitoring the geotechnical conditions of earth dams is piezometric measurement, which measures water levels in an open piezometer or water pressure in a closed piezometer. During piezometric measurements, various types of factors can cause disturbances in these measurements that take the form of systematic, accidental, or obvious mistakes. Before measurements from open or closed piezometers are analyzed, outliers due to coarse errors should be detected and rejected. Such observations may significantly influence the result of the analysis and cause erroneous assessment and interpretation of the phenomenon studied. To do this, statistical tests must be applied so that the doubtful measurement can be accepted or rejected at the assumed significance level. This paper uses five statistical tests for identifying and rejecting outliers: the Q-Dixon test, the Grubbs test, as well as the Hampel test, the Iglewicz and Hoaglin test, and the Rosner test. The aim of this article is to try to identify the most suitable test for periodic piezometric measurements. The scope of the study includes the analysis of piezometric measurements for the Czaniec Dam for the multi-year period 2017–2020.

scholarly journals Modeling of neutron flux density anomalies in the automated system of «Shelter» Object’s nu-clear safety control.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
I.S. Skiter ◽  
◽  
M.V. Saveliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mathematical Significance ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Neutron Flux Density ◽  
Grubbs Test ◽  
Priori Information

Analysis of the dynamics of neutron flux density (NFD) from fuel-containing masses (FCM) in the «Shelter» Object shows the presence of values that exceed the average values for different observation periods. Identification of such values by the criterion of «anomaly / non-anomaly» will allow excluding uninformative events from the array of observations. Or, in the case of the anomaly confirmation, it will allow forming effective actions for decision-making in order to eliminate the consequences of such events. To solve the problem of detecting anomalous measurements, now there is utilized the theory of statistical solutions which is based on the use of parametric methods. The utilization of these methods requires a priori information about the nature of the distribution of the measured process and its parameters. In order to find an effec-tive solution to the problem of detecting and eliminating anomalous measurements, it is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of normal and anomalous components. This paper proposes statistical criteria for estimating anomalies in time series of NFD which have different approaches to the formation of observation intervals, power and reliability of anomaly detection. Depending on the type of distribution of the array of observations, a set of criteria is proposed. These criteria are most expedient to use when checking the anomaly of series levels for the exponential distribution, the Poisson and Weibull distribution. The capacity of the criteria has been evaluated depending on the sample size. The article defines the accuracy of determination of anomalies by criteria with the known values of the mean and dispersion in the studied sample. As the result, it is recommended to use the Grubbs test to study the anomaly of the sample levels with n>700, and the Dixon and Smolyak-Titarenko criteria for the samples with n<50. The utilization of optimal criteria depending on the characteristics of the studied samples will increase the mathematical significance of the obtained results and, as a result, will improve the quality of management decisions and nuclear safety on the «Shelter» Object as a whole.

scholarly journals Transcriptome dataset of human corneal endothelium based on ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA-Seq data

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Tokuda ◽  
Naoki Okumura ◽  
Yuya Komori ◽  
Naoya Hanada ◽  
Kei Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Grubbs Test

AbstractThe corneal endothelium maintains corneal transparency; consequently, damage to this endothelium by a number of pathological conditions results in severe vision loss. Publicly available expression databases of human tissues are useful for investigating the pathogenesis of diseases and for developing new therapeutic modalities; however, databases for ocular tissues, and especially the corneal endothelium, are poor. Here, we have generated a transcriptome dataset from the ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA from the corneal endothelium of eyes from seven Caucasians without ocular diseases. The results of principal component analysis and correlation coefficients (ranged from 0.87 to 0.96) suggested high homogeneity of our RNA-Seq dataset among the samples, as well as sufficient amount and quality. The expression profile of tissue-specific marker genes indicated only limited, if any, contamination by other layers of the cornea, while the Smirnov-Grubbs test confirmed the absence of outlier samples. The dataset presented here should be useful for investigating the function/dysfunction of the cornea, as well as for extended transcriptome analyses integrated with expression data for non-coding RNAs.

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