The issue of radioactive contamination in context of ecosystem services development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chobotko ◽  
L. Raychuk ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Type Region ◽  
State Register ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Radiation Contamination ◽  
Logical Research

The aim of the article was to defi ne the role of the radioactive environment contamination in the formation of ecosystem services strategy. Methods. Monographic, systemic and structural, factor analysis, abstract and logical research methods have been used. The data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, materials of scientifi c researches, international materials and reports and other literary sources on the issues investigated have been used as an information base. Results. Retrospective analysis of sources and state of radioactive eco- systems contamination was conducted and the priority steps in developing the concept of ecosystem services in conditions of radiation contamination were found. Conclusions. The current socio-ecological paradigm of the transition from environmental use to environmental management should be refl ected in the relevant envi- ronmental management mechanisms. Currently, when assessing the state of ecosystem services in Ukraine and worldwide one must take into account the changes in food demand of residents of radioactively contaminated areas, the exploitation of radioactively safe ecosystems growth, their overload and degradation. All of this re- quires an inventory of ecosystem services by type, region, consumers, etc. and the formation of a state register of ecosystem services with a clear assignment of area of responsibility for appropriate natural ecosystems. This will help to make the economic evaluation of different ecosystem services and mechanisms of charges for ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals Functional diversity: a key aspect in the provision of ecosystem services

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
JESÚS BALLESTEROS CORREA ◽  
JAIRO PÉREZ TORRES
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

 Functional diversity is one of the crucial aspects of the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. In this review paper, we analyze how biodiversity contributes to human well-being through the provision of goods and ecosystem services, and related aspects of ecological processes and their relationship with the functional diversity of ecosystems are presented. It aims to explain in a simple way, the concepts related to functional diversity, the importance of the functional groups and the role of functional traits of the species as a key element in the responses of organisms to environmental changes. Understanding the relationship between ecosystem processes, functional diversity of species and providing ecosystem services, allow better management of natural ecosystems and their biodiversity, enabling conservation and sustainable use of different types of services provided by ecosystems.

scholarly journals Using GIS for mapping the Great Eurasian Natural Backbone

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Nikolay Sobolev ◽  
Arkady Tishkov ◽  
Elena Belonovskaya ◽  
Petr Glazov ◽  
Konstantin Kobyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Frame ◽  
Forest Distribution

The article presents the results of the first two stages of the project on the assessment and mapping changes in the state of the Great Eurasian Natural Tract (GEANT) as a factor of global environmental stability and a source of ecosystem services carried out in the Laboratory for Biogeography of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences. We consider biomes or their integrated parts as units of ecosystem cover. An assessment of the state of the natural frame within each biome is given by a combination of losses in size and phytomass of natural ecosystems. GIS analysis of remote sensing data of the study area is carried out basing the concept of actual biogeography. Field verification is carried out by the method of rapid long-distance observations, which allows collecting data on large territories with an accuracy sufficient for the project. Key natural areas are mapped by summarizing data on specially protected and other natural areas for which their high conservation value is showed. The space between the key areas is considered as connecting areas (“corridors”), from which settlements, mining areas and other transformed landscapes are excluded. GEANT is mapped as an integrated biome complex from Fennoscandia to the Pacific. Several biomes are included in the southern edge of the GEANT in only a small part. We identified biomes the most changed as a result of mining, logging, and fires. Biomes are noted with the most significant spread to the north of woody-shrubby vegetation and a rose up of the upper border of the forest distribution. By contrary, in the south of Primorye the lower border of the primary forest distribution rose up because of frequent fires. The strategic principles of the territorial conservation are formulated for biomes depending on the stage of digression of the natural frame. A basis has established for the quantification of GEANT ecosystem services at the final stage of work.

scholarly journals Influential Actors’ Perceptions of Facilitators and Instruments for Solving Future Forest Land-Use Disputes in Europe

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aurenhammer ◽  
Špela Ščap ◽  
Nike Krajnc ◽  
Jorge Olivar ◽  
Pablo Sabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Market Society

Despite strong expectations regarding the role that forestry, with its multitude of potential benefits, could and should play in the ‘bio-economy’, little research has been done on the actual perceptions of influential actors on how to best address future forest land-use disputes. We want to shed light on whether and in which contexts expectations regarding the bio-economy, e.g., the strong role of markets, are likely. The paper analyses influential actors’ core values and beliefs about the primary facilitators and the most appropriate instruments for resolving disputes over future forest land use. We used Social Network Analysis-based sampling and a quantitative semi-structured questionnaire, which included a preference analysis with twelve items covering broad issues and disputes related to future forest land use, to identify actors’ beliefs about and preferences for facilitators and policy instruments within key issues for future land use. The respondents were asked to identify one of five ‘primary facilitators’ (state, market, society, individual citizens/owners, leave it to nature) and distribute six points to a maximum of three preferred instruments (eight items, covering a broad set of instruments, from dictates or bans to awareness raising). The results are based on the perceptions of the influential or most important actors from various innovative government and private forest initiatives in Bavaria (Germany), Slovenia, Castilla y León (Spain), Nordeste (Portugal), and Latvia (481 actor responses, 109 initiatives). The initiatives included participatory mountain forest initiatives, forest intervention zones, afforestation projects, forest owner associations, and model forest and labelling initiatives. The results provide insight into the similarities and differences between European countries and actor groups regarding the preferred facilitators and instruments for solving future forest problems. In light of disagreement in the literature on the role of the state or markets in future forest land use and the bio-economy, our results show that the market and its instruments are considered to play a dominant role in wood mobilisation. With respect to all other issues (socio-ecological, societal, other), the state or other institutions and their instruments gain priority. The state is considered to play a stronger role in developing new markets, e.g., for energy transition or new uses of wood, contrary to liberal market expectations. Ecological and social problems are considered to be outside of the market domain. Here, the state is called in, e.g., to steer recreational issues, the provision of ecosystem services, or the improvement of the protective function. The clearest preference across all regions is for the state to secure the provision of ecosystem services, in contrast to calls for future markets to regulate this field.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PERSONAL AUXILIARY FA RMS IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CONSUMER COOPERAT ION DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Lilia BURANBAEVA ◽  
◽  
Rimma GILMUTDINOVA ◽  
Elvira DUBININA ◽  
Ekaterina ZHILINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives

The subject of the research is to identify the place and role of personal subsidiary plots in social production in general and in agriculture in particular; object — personal subsidiary plots as a form of non-entrepreneurial activity for the production, processing and sale of agricultural products. The purpose of the study is to identify the importance of the functioning of personal subsidiary plots in ensuring the implementation of the state agrarian policy in terms of ensuring food security. The objectives of the study are to analyze the state of functioning of personal subsidiary plots, to identify their role in ensuring the country's food security. The novelty of the research: the relationship between consumer cooperation and personal subsidiary plots has been revealed. Conclusions: the role of consumer cooperatives in ensuring food security increases with the strengthening of their purchasing and marketing ties with personal subsidiary and peasant (farm) households.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Budget as an Instrument of Reproduction of Bureaucracy in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Yu. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article considers the problem of bureaucratisation of the state and the most important social and economic consequences of this phenomenon. The essence of bureaucracy has been revealed, characteristic features of its functioning in Russia have been analyzed; the material base of bureaucracy and its dominating status in the society have been substantiated. The conclusion has been made that the process of changing the role of the budget to serve the interests of bureaucracy is being accomplished.

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