Unique experiment of global agriculture in the Poltava region – long-term winter rye cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
A. Kohan ◽  
L. Hlushchenko ◽  
V. Hanhur ◽  
O. Samoylenko ◽  
O. Len ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To determine the impact of long-term effect of the complex of factors (anthropogenic and climatic) on the soil fertility, the change in the phytocenosis of weeds and the productivity of winter rye at permanent cultivation. Methods. The content of nitrogen in soil was defi ned by Kornfi eld’s method, phosphorus and potassium – according to Chirikov; the content of non-organic chemical elements in the soil – by ICP-MS method using the emission mass-spectrometer Agilent-7700 × (USA). Results. It was determined that the average productivity of winter rye in 1884–2016 was 1.19 t/ha, but the level of crop productivity fl uctuated depending on the favorable weather conditions of the year, the quality of soil preparation and the content of productive moisture in the cultivated soil layer during sowing, and the weediness of the experimental sowing. Conclusions. The results of the studies may be used to solve the fundamental issues of agriculture, for comprehensive complex investigations, the demonstration of the role of the main factors and conditions of vegetative life.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

scholarly journals Cropping capacity of winter rye cultivated for fodder

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Galina Konieva ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Ochirov ◽  
Vera Ivanova ◽  
Rustam Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Republic

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER

scholarly journals Climate change and drought effects on rural income distribution in the Mediterranean: a case study for Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4353-4389
Author(s):  
S. Quiroga ◽  
C. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper examines the effects of climate change and drought on agricultural outputs in Spanish rural areas. By now the effects of drought as a response to climate change or policy restrictions have been analyzed through response functions considering direct effects on crop productivity and incomes. These changes also affect incomes distribution in the region and therefore modify the social structure. Here we consider this complementary indirect effect on social distribution of incomes which is essential in the long term. We estimate crop production functions for a range of Mediterranean crops in Spain and we use a decomposition of inequalities measure to estimate the impact of climate change and drought on yield disparities. This social aspect is important for climate change policies since it can be determinant for the public acceptance of certain adaptation measures in a context of drought. We provide the empirical estimations for the marginal effects of the two considered impacts: farms' income average and social income distribution. In our estimates we consider crop productivity response to both bio-physical and socio-economic aspects to analyze long term implications on both competitiveness and social disparities. We find disparities in the adaptation priorities depending on the crop and the region analyzed.

scholarly journals Crop adaptation to climate change as a consequence of long-term breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod J. Snowdon ◽  
Benjamin Wittkop ◽  
Tsu-Wei Chen ◽  
Andreas Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMajor global crops in high-yielding, temperate cropping regions are facing increasing threats from the impact of climate change, particularly from drought and heat at critical developmental timepoints during the crop lifecycle. Research to address this concern is frequently focused on attempts to identify exotic genetic diversity showing pronounced stress tolerance or avoidance, to elucidate and introgress the responsible genetic factors or to discover underlying genes as a basis for targeted genetic modification. Although such approaches are occasionally successful in imparting a positive effect on performance in specific stress environments, for example through modulation of root depth, major-gene modifications of plant architecture or function tend to be highly context-dependent. In contrast, long-term genetic gain through conventional breeding has incrementally increased yields of modern crops through accumulation of beneficial, small-effect variants which also confer yield stability via stress adaptation. Here we reflect on retrospective breeding progress in major crops and the impact of long-term, conventional breeding on climate adaptation and yield stability under abiotic stress constraints. Looking forward, we outline how new approaches might complement conventional breeding to maintain and accelerate breeding progress, despite the challenges of climate change, as a prerequisite to sustainable future crop productivity.

scholarly journals UTICAJ SORTE I MIKROBIOLOŠKIH PREPARATA NA BROJ I MASU NODULA KOD ORGANSKE PROIZVODNJE PASULJA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Dozet ◽  
◽  
Vojin Đukic ◽  
Zlatica Miladinov Mamlic ◽  
Nenad Đuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Bean Root ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insignificant Correlation

Three-year research, in the impact of microbial preparations and Gunatito on bean-root-nodule number and mass in organic production, was published. The highest nodule number and mass was in the year with a more favorable weather conditions, with a higher humidity. The lowest nodule number was in the method with a direct Tiffi application on the pre-sowing seed, whereas the lowest nodule mass was in the control variety. A positive insignificant correlation was determined between nodule number and mass, and yield. Nodulation was variety dependant. EM application 7 days before sowing, and the combination of Guanito before sowing with EM in flowering, showed a positive impact on nodule number and mass.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prolonged Irrigation on Soil-amelioration State of the Aley River Steppe in Altai Krai

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Gornostal
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Amelioration ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Literary Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water And Salt Balance

On the basis of many years of research conducted at the Aley River irrigation system and generalization of literary materials, the impact of irrigation on soil fertility, composition and properties of chernozemic, meadow chernozemic and chernozemic meadow soils, their water and salt regime, and crop productivity has been established. A comprehensive assessment of the long-term impact of irrigation on the change in the hydrophysical and chemical properties of soils and the ecological and reclamation state of the irrigated area is given. The influence of long-term irrigation on the nature and direction of the dynamics of groundwater and salt levels in soils is revealed. The water and salt balance of soils has been compiled, depending on the characteristics and duration of irrigation. It is proved that in conditions of insufficient drainage of the territory, non-compliance with scientifically grounded irrigation regimes, rational irrigation techniques, violation of agricultural technology and crop rotation during long-term irrigation leads to the deterioration of some properties of soils, their salinization and alkalination. Regularities and changes in soil-amelioration conditions during prolonged irrigation of land have been established.

scholarly journals MOBILITY OF URANIUM AND SATELLITE ELEMENTS IN URANUS ORBIT ALBITITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Fomin ◽  
◽  
Yu. Demikhov ◽  
V. Verkhovtsev ◽  
N. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Weathering Crust ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Disintegration Zone ◽  
Migration Capacity ◽  
The Impact

The work considers the mobility series, the features of the hydrogenous mobilization of uranium and elements-satellites of the material complexes of the mineral-forming systems in the weathering crust of uranium-ore albitites of the Ukrainian Shield. Chemical elements that are companions of uranium can enter both concentrating minerals and ordinary rock-forming minerals containing these elements. The first include native metals – gold, bismuth, lead; sulfides: Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co; monazite, zircon. Examples of the second group of the minerals are feldspars with rubidium, strontium, lead; egirin, ribecite, sphen with vanadium. Samples of rocks to calculate the average content of chemical elements and their mobility were formed taking into account the composition of the rocks and the degree of weathering. Titanium, the least mobile element, was used as a conditionally stable element, for which, in fact, all calculations were performed. Approbation of the method at all levels, including the root base, disintegration zone, hydromica-kaolin and kaolin weathering crust, soil layer (B- and A-horizons) and scattering fluxes, showed quite satisfactory results. Wastes from the industrial development of uranium deposits of albite formation, that are (and will be) stored, being essentially a crushed mineral concentrate enriched in uranium and heavy metals, which in conditions of hypergenic processes conducive to oxidation and decomposition, undoubtedly pose a potential threat of environmental pollution . A significant part of uranium and related elements in all blocks of rocks that are subject to operational excavation can be classified as “mobile”, ie has a fairly high migration capacity. This form can be a source of contamination of groundwater and surface water, and soils. Calculations show that uranium in all areas of the weathering crust behaves as a mobile element, prone to scattering. The share of uranium removed from different zones is 25-42% (0.11-0.19 g/t), which in absolute terms is the maximum in the kaolin zone. The main role in the migration of radionuclides is played by water erosion under the influence of precipitation. Therefore, to reduce hydrogen pollution, it is necessary to provide underlayment of dumps with clay and carbonate rocks. To limit the impact of wind erosion, it is necessary to fill the dumps with a layer of inert soil.

Terrestrial Solar Radiation

2017 ◽  
pp. 191-293
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Estimation Models

After shading a light on the extraterrestrial solar radiation in the chapter 3 it is important to evaluate the global terrestrial solar radiation and its components. The information on terrestrial solar radiation is required in several different forms depending on the kinds of calculations and kind of application that are to be done. Of course, terrestrial solar radiation on the horizontal plane depends on the different weather conditions such as cloud cover, relative humidity, and ambient temperature. Therefore, the impact of the atmosphere on solar radiation should be considered. One of the most important points of terrestrial solar radiation evaluation is its determination during clear sky conditions. Therefore, in this chapter, the equations that determine the air mass basing on available theories are given and the clear sky conditions are introduced with shading a light on the previous work in identifying clear sky conditions. Taking into consideration that, clear sky solar radiation estimation is of great importance for solar tracking, a detailed review of main available models is given in this chapter. As daily, monthly, seasonally, biannually and yearly mean daily solar radiations are required information for designing and installing long term tracking systems, different available methods are commented regarding their applicability for the estimation of solar radiation information in the desired format from the data that are available. An important accent is paid also on the assessment and comparison of monthly mean daily solar radiation estimation models.

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