scholarly journals Polymorphism of nucleolar organizer regions in different Ukrainian cattle breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
V. Dzitsiuk ◽  
H. Typylo ◽  
I. Mitiohlo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Dairy Breed

Aim. To study the activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in different Ukrainian cattle breeds in terms of their apparent activity status in silver stain and possible relation with milk productivity. Methods. Chromosome prepara- tions using lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 90 cows of different breeds were used in the study. NOR activity was determined by visual evaluation of concentrations of silver precipitation on NORs in individual chromosomes. A 50 % silver nitrate solution was used to stain chromosome preparations. NORs were detected as dark spots on telomeres of the corresponding chromosomes. Results. The cytological analysis of chromosome preparations from lymphocytes of first lactation cows detected NOR polymorphism in Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy cattle (URM), Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (UBW), and hybrid cows, obtained by crossing Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy breed and Montbeliarde bulls (URM × M). First lactation cows of URM and UBM had higher or the same inci- dence of cells with four (29.8 and 30 %) and five (17.1 and 19.5 %) NORs, while in URM × M cows the incidence of cells with the same number of NORs was almost twice lower; cells with 7 and 8 NORs exceeded a similar index for other investigated breeds almost twice (2.5 against 4.5 % and 2.0 against 4.2 %). The highest level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) was observed in the group of animals with medium number (2 to 3 NORs per cell), and the lowest – in the group with a high number of NORs (from 6 to 7) with a reliable intergroup difference (p < 0.01). NOR activity was the highest in the group of animals of local origin (URM × M) with a milk yield over 7,000 kg in 305 days of the first lactation and the lowest in the UBW cows with a milk yield of 4–5,000 kg during the first lactation. Conclusions. We determined the differences in the activity of nucleolar organizers between the investigated groups of cows of dairy breed. URM × M hybrids reliably (р ≤ 0.05) exceeded dairy UBW cows by this index. No statistically significant different was found between other investigated groups of animals by this trait. Higher dairy productivity was found in the animals with higher frequency of NORs in the chromosomes of metaphase cells. In our opinion, the number of active NORs demonstrates relative variability between their number and the rate of protein synthesis, required to implement the productivity traits of the investigated animals.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

VARIABILITY OF POPULATION-GENETIC PARAMETERS OF EXTERIOROF COWS IN SUMY INTERBREED TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Khmelnyhcyy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Dairy Breed

The study of variability of population-genetics parameters of cows’ exterior was conducted on the livestock number of Sumy interbreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed in the pedigree farm Pidlisnivskа branch of PJSC «Rise-Maksymko», Sumy district. The level of positive correlation coefficients and their reliability showed that milk yield of first-calf heifers in the experimental herd to the greatest extent depended on the height at withers (r = 0.458) and rump (r = 0.324), depth of chest (r = 0.375) latitudinal measurements of backside (r = 0.263-0.375), body length (r = 0.303) and chest girth (r = 0.388). With age, the relation between the measurements of body conformation and the amount of milk yield of first-calf heifers in this direction remains, but with a slight decrease of correlation coefficients that can be the result of natural growth of age variability of exterior traits under the influence of ontogenetic regularities of development and paratypical factors. Analysis of inheritance coefficients of the body conformation measurements of the estimated cows of Sumy innerbreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed showed their genotypic variability, which varied within the recorded lactations. In the pedigree farm a sufficient, reliable according to Fisher criterion, level of inheritance coefficients was found, which would provide appropriate effectiveness of mass selection on the measurements of height at withers and rump, depth of chest, latitudinal measurements of backside which were different in the first and second lactations. Somewhat lower and less reliable levels of the inheritance coefficients of body measurements traits were obtained from cows according to the third lactation, which is explained, in a certain way, increasing age variability of the estimated traits. The level of correlation of the measurements with milk yield allows to perform indirect selection by type, and the figures of inheritance of the measurements confirm the possibility of efficient selection of dairy cattle at the age of the first lactation with the aim of improvement of exterior for the herd and breed.

scholarly journals Improvements in the silver-staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR).

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Silver Staining ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Background Staining ◽  
Silver Staining Technique ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Nucleolar Function

The silver-staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) of Ploton et al., as popularized by Crocker, is being widely used for evaluation of nucleolar function, especially in neoplasia. It suffers from limited reliability, background staining, precipitates, and fading of the sections. Factors were identified that affect these problems. The oxidation-reduction level and gelatin used are particularly important. An improved procedure is presented which incorporates pre-reduction of the sections, selection of an optimal gelatin, and post-treatment of the sections to produce a permanent preparation. It is compatible with many fixatives and with other stains used before or after the silver stain.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED UKRAINIAN DEPENDING ON HEREDITARY FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

A rather low productive longevity of cows, particularly among holsteinized cattle stock, is observed in dairy husbandry of Ukraine. In the process of creating new dairy breeds in Ukraine, the reduction of cows’ lifespan and productive longevity along with yield increase are observed. The scientists’ research revealed the tendency to cows’ long-term performance reduction under the increasing of the genetic potential of a herd. It stipulates the topicality of the research as to the search of the effective genetic and selective methods of lengthening animals’ long-term performance. The goal of the research was to study the indicators of economic use and lifetime productivity of daughters from different bulls, as well as from different cows’ lines of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The research was conducted on the materials of a stud farm «Yerchyky» in Zhytomyr oblast which specializes in Ukrainian black-and-white livestock breeding, as well as on using own experimental data. The indices of cow economic use and lifetime productivity were determined on the ground of the term of rearing, life duration, term of economic use, amount of lactations, the total duration of lactation period, milk yields, milk yield per one lactation day, per life, and per economic use. The reasons for their disposal were determined according to veterinary disposal acts. The statistical data processing was done using the method of variational statistics. The power of influence of both, the paternity and the linear belonging, was determined by single-factor variance analysis. Having evaluated the daughters from different bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed on a stud farm “Yerchyky”, it has been determined that daughters of Dilaita 542206 had better indices of economic use. They had both, the longest lifespan and the longest economic use, under uncertain distinction between them and the daughters from other bulls. The number of lactations in daughters from different bulls was low – in the range of 2.0 to 2.5. The coefficient of economic use was in the range of 48.4–50.5%. A long-life milk yield of daughters of Dilaita 542206 was the highest, but they had absolute advantage only above the half-sisters from stud bulls Virnyi 4975 and Klen 5221. The highest milk yield per lactation day had the daughters of Filder 5573125 (16.6 kg), which is by 2.8 kg more than the milk yield received from the daughters of Virnyi 4975, by 1 kg more than from the daughters of Dilait 5422064, by 2.9 kg more than from the female descendants of Klen 5212.   On a one day basis of economic use, the highest milk yield had half-sisters of Kondon bull 397111, that is by 2.2 kg more than had the daughters of Virnyi 4975, by 1.8 kg more than had the daughters of Klen 5212. Practically there is no difference as to the milk yield of daughters of Dilait 5422064 and that of Fidler 5573215. The descendants of Fidler 5573125 had the highest milk yield per one day of life. The parameters of economic use and of the lifetime productivity of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed have been studied comparing different lines. The longest lifespan had the cows of Starbuck line, the cows of Waliant line had the longest economic use under uncertain difference when comparing with the descendants of other lines. The number of lactations was low and ranged from 2.3 to 2.6. The coefficient of economic use of the cows of different lines was within 48.6–54.00%. The highest life-term milk yield had the cows of Valiant and Vis Burke Aidiala lines. These cows had the best indices of economic use and of lifetime productivity, they had the highest milk yield per one lactation day. By means of single-factor variance analysis it has been determined that the paternity has a significant impact on the indices of economic use as well as on a linear belonging. A reliable part of bulls influence on the duration of cultivation period makes 7.2%, on milking yield per one day of lactation – 12.6%, on one day of economic use – 4.8%, on one day of life – 4.2%. The influence of linear belonging was lower. A reliable part of linear belonging influence on the duration of cultivation period makes 2.9%, on milking yield per one lactation period – 9.5%, and on one day of economic use – 3.3%.

scholarly journals Variability of dairy productivity of cows depending on the breeding method by lines

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
A. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Statistical Reliability ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

The effectiveness of intraline and interline selection at breeding of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were carried out in the breeding farms of Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC “Raise-Maximko” and “Pershe Travnya” in the Sumy district. According to the results of researches of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, regularities of influence on the level of traits of dairy productivity of different variants of selection were determined and confirmed by statistical reliability. According to the evaluation of cows under control herds obtained during intra-linear and interlinear selections, it was found that most often among the evaluated variants the offspring obtained from interlinear crosses were the best on the grounds of milk productivity. In the herd of breeding farm “Pershe Travnya” sires of Starbak's parental line 352790 were successfully combined in all investigated variants of interlinear crosses with maternal Eleveyshna 1491007, Valianta 1650414, S.T. Rokita 252803 and P.F.A. Chifa 1427381, as evidenced by the high milk yield of cows, received from these combinations, which was according to the first lactation 5837-6223 kg of milk and higher - 6525-7474 kg. The difference in milk yield of first-born cows obtained in the interlinear crosses with Starbak's parent line 352790 ranged from 404 (P <0.05) to 790 kg (P <0.001). In the system of linear breeding the reasonableness of carrying out regular monitoring to evaluate the combination of lines in the breeding process of dairy breeds is motivated. Reapplication of the most successful and abandonment of ineffective selection options will help to increase the genetic potential of dairy productivity of cattle produced by Ukrainian breeds. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, lines, milk productivity.

scholarly journals THE PREDICTED GENETIC PROGRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE POPULATIONS USING A VARIETY OF METHODS FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Babenko ◽  
V. P. Оleshko ◽  
V. Y. Afanasenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic progress in a herd of animals is due to the selection of four categories of pedigree animals: fathers of sires, mothers of sires, fathers of cows and mothers of cows. Extremely important role in genetic improvement of a herd plays selection of the sires for insemination of breeding stock which become the potential parents of cows. The selection of sires’ mothers, sires’ and cows’ parents provides 90-95% of the effect of selection in animal population, and massive selection of cows’ mothers only 5-10%. The main selection trait in а herd is milk production, therefore with the purpose of analyzing the effectiveness of selection by this trait defined pedigree value of 4 categories of pedigree animals, which influenced on the pace of improvement of the populations. Therefore, to accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations is necessary to increase the magnitude of the genetic benefits of parental animals and reduced generation intervals, which is the aim of our research. The average annual genetic progress through selection of four categories of pedigree animals in the herd of Holstein breed is 61.2 kg of milk per cow per year and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.81 %. In the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, these figures are respectively 43.2 kg of milk and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.62 % Much more opportunities in raising the rate of genetic improvement can be achieved through the introduction of genomic (GS) or marker-assisted selection (MAS). Under the terms of the genomic breeding, final estimation of pedigree value of sires is carried out during 2.5 years in the contrast with traditional breeding, which involves the time for 5 years. Experts estimate the cost from the use of GS or MAS compared with conventional breeding are up to 92%, and the efficiency of selection is improved two times. Taking into account that data of productivity of animals are associated with genes of economically useful traits, the topical issue is the selection of the optimal polymorphic marker systems for their introduction into practice of breeding and assessment of genetic structure of cattle breeds. On the basis of our results of studies of the effect of QTL – gene, the complex model genotype for the selection of animals for the purpose of increasing milk yield in animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed is like this: CSNSАВ, GHLL, βLGАВ, Pit-1АВ; Holstein – CSNS AB, GHLV, βLGАA, Pit-1АВ. Comparison of model genotypes of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy and Holstein shows that there are differences in the combination of genotypes contributing to the best development of traits. Thus, the mass fraction of the protein, the model genotypes are identical at 75% in both breeds: by the yield, quantity of milk fat and protein and total milk fat and protein model genotypes match by 50%. Due to implementation of genomic evaluation and breeding of dairy cattle, the valuation period of pedigree animals was reduced significantly. Unlike conventional breeding, the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the genetic interval in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed of sires’ fathers by 4.5 years, sires’ mothers by 4.6 years, cows’ fathers by 4.6 years and cows’ mothers by 2.9 years. In the population of Holstein cattle generation interval of sires’ fathers is reduced by 4.3 years, sires’ mothers by 4.5 years, cows’ fathers by 4.5 years, and cows’ mothers by 2.7 years. The results of our studies show that the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle population in the main breeding traits can be improved through the selection of animals by QTL-complexes. Thus, the selection of breeding stock based on a comprehensive model of genotype on yield gave an opportunity to improve pedigree value of the maternal cows at 155 kg compared to traditional breeding, and in the population of Holstein cattle at 246 kg. Only these factors allow genetic progress in milk yield in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle by 128.5 kg, which is 2.9 times more than the value of the actual genetic progress and in the population of Holstein cattle – 183.2 kg, which is three times more compared to the actual value of genetic progress for milk yield in this population. The contribution of the cows’ mothers to genetic progress increases. So, if at conventional breeding, the contribution of this category of pedigree animals was negative (-4.9%), selection on QTL complex is 3.2% and in the population of Holstein cattle 12%. If you apply the selection of other categories of pedigree animals (sires’ fathers, mothers and parents of sires) on QTL-complexes, which contribution in the genetic improvement of populations is 88.0–96.8%, the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations will greatly increase. Conclusion. To accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations it is necessary to use molecular genetic markers that control metabolic processes in the body.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST CALVING COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON WEIGHT GROWTH OF HEIFERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
А. А. Klimkovetskyi ◽  
D. K. Nosevych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity of cows with the first calving depending on live weight and average daily gains of heifers during rearing studied. The data of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of Kyiv factory type used for the research. Every three months, from birth to 18 months of age, heifers were determined live weight and average daily gain. According to the indicators of weight growth, the heifers divided into 5 groups of the standard deviation principle from the mean. In animals included in these groups studied the performance of the first lactation. It found that obtaining a live weight of 3-month-old heifers over 127 kg can significantly reduce the age of the first calving. The advantage over animals belonging to the groups with less weight is 2.7-3.5 months. Increasing the live weight of heifers at 12 and 15 months also allows reducing the age of the first calving. Moderate (less than 722 g per day) growth of heifers at the age of 6-9 months also has a positive effect on the reduction of the age of the first calving. The weight of newborns heifers during lactation was associated with first calving cow’s milk yield. Heifers born with the lowest live weight (less than 28 kg) had after the first calving milk yield per lactation 145… 1956 kg more than in other groups. The live weight of 3-month-old heifers is of the greatest importance for the formation of high milk productivity of cows. Obtaining live weight of heifers of this age 117-127 kg with an average daily gain of 902-1037 g provided in first the lactation the largest milk yield with an advantage over animals of other groups up to 3119 kg. In older age periods, the influence of growing heifers on the formation of milk productivity is less pronounced, and the optimal live weight and growth rate was at the level of the average size of the herd. The research results can used to optimize the growth plans of heifers and their selection.

scholarly journals GENETIC FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vechorka ◽  
L. M. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Line P ◽  
Dairy Breed

The purpose of research was to study the influence of genetic factors (belonging to the line and conditional blood on the improvement breed) on the formation of milk productivity of cows in Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the basic pedigree herds (“Mayak” of Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region and LLC “Vladana” of Sumy district in the Sumy region) in the conditions of the central and northeastern region of Ukraine at the present stage of breeding. The level of indicators of dairy productivity of cows in the controlled herds of two breeding farms of breed which was created according to the classical scheme of reproductive crossbreeding, testified to excellent results of the breed formation. The milk yield of cows during the evaluation of seven lactations changed to third, and after the fourth, the number of animals in both households slightly decreased. For the best lactation, he equaled 6548 kg from cows of the farm "Mayak", and 7326 kg from cows of "Vladana" farm. With regard to the content of fat in milk, a very important breeding indicator – its quality, it varied within 0,78–3,86% in cows of herds of the farm "Mayak" and 3,75–3,99% – in cows herds of the economy "Vladana". However, the best possible characterization of the genetic potential of dairy animals was milk yield for the best lactation, which was determined in controlled herds of farms "Mayak" and "Vladana", respectively – 8276 and 8779 kg of milk. According to the results of research, differentiation of indicators characterizing the milk yield of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breeds undeniably testified to the hereditary effect of genealogical formations on their variability. In the herd of "Mayak" farm, the best were lines of Inhance 343514 and Valiant 1650414 and the genealogical line – Starbuck 352790 were found to be the best. The reliable difference of filial dgeneration of the above mentioned lines for milk yield of the first (654–1598 kg; P < 0.001) and the best (1238–2062 kg; P < 0.001) of lactation in comparison with the progeny of lines Eleveishn, Mett and P. F. A. Chif testified about their hereditary influence on the development of this trait. Sufficiently well characterized performance indicators in the herd "Vladana" most numerous offspring of bull-sires line P. F. A. Chif with a yield for the first and best lactation respectively – 6580 and 7886 kg of milk. Their difference by this indicator at the age of the first lactation was significant in comparison with offspring of Eleveishn line (1537 kg; P < 0.001), R. Sovrin (1430 kg; P < 0.001) and Starbuck (509 kg; P < 0.001). According to the higher lactation, offspring of the sires of line P. F. A. Chif dominated on cows of remaining lines with a very high difference of 905 kg (P < 0.001; Hanover line) to 1164 kg (P < 0.001; R. Sovrein's line). When studying the effect of conditional inheritance Holstein dairy efficiency it found that the best highest milk yield according to the first lactation were both controlled by the crossbred animal herds with a high proportion of Holstein blood, whereas in low-blooded animal milk yield was significantly less. The difference in favor of animals with Holstein heredity 87.6–100% in comparison with all groups of cows with lower blood in the herd "Mayak" was according to the first lactation from 263 kg (P < 0.01; 75.1–87.5% ) to 1765 kg (P < 0.001, 50.1–62.5%). In the herd "Vladana", high-blood animals by Holstein breed (87.6–100%) dominated on the rest group of crossbred cows for milk yield in the first lactation 704–2429 kg with high reliability (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Created Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed at the present stage of breeding consolidation has been characterized by excellent results on the basis of milk productivity, regardless of the region of its use, which depending on the successful selection of genealogical formations. Structuring of the breed into differentiated genealogical and stud lines was a prerequisite for further effective intrabreed breeding. According to the research of two leading breeding flocks found a significant impact on conventional blood by the improvement breed formation on milk production of cows, including best performance obtained by absorbing crossing.

scholarly journals Population-genetic parameters of the traits of the body structure of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
S. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

Researches of the linear traits of the body structure of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were conducted in the herd of the breeding plant of the Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC «Rise-Maksymko» in Sumy region. The results of the correlated variability between conformation measurements and the value of animal milk yield in the age-related lactation dynamics were presented. Positive correlation coefficients were determined within the statistical significance between measurements and milk yield of first-born cows: height at withers (r=0,422) and sacrum (0,353), chest depth (r=0,362), width in pin (r=0,311), hip bone (0,271 ) and ischial humps (r=0.366); oblique body length (r=0,286) and rear (r=0,244); chest girth (r=0.391). With age ties are weakening. The degree of heritability measurements varies within the traits and age of cows. In the herd of the breeding farm revealed sufficient, reliable by Fisher's criterion, the level of inheritance coefficients, which will provide adequate efficiency of mass selection by height measurements at the withers (h2=0,347) and sacrum (h2=0,288), depth (h2=0,244) and chest girth (h2=0,348), rear width (h2=0,251‒0,264), oblique body length (h2=0,318) and rear part (h2=0,216), for which animals differed at the age of the first lactation. It was determined that the share of variability of measurements of the main traits of the body structure is caused by the heritability of improving breed (22.1‒36.4 %), parent breeding value of cows (16.1‒37.7 %), blood of father (10.9‒26, 6 %) and father line (8.6‒19.6 %). The positive correlation coefficients have been determined between the majority of body parts measurements and the value of milk yield, and the sufficient level of heritability in age-related lactation dynamics were the motivating factors for efficiency of selective breeding of dairy cattle breed by conformation. Power of influence of the breeding value of parent and his origin on the indicators of the conformation measurements of their offspring indicated the need to consider when selection of indicators of comprehensive assessment the breeding value of sires. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, measurements, correlation, inheritance, power of influence, hope.

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