The effect of CO donor hemin on the antioxidant and osmoprotective systems state in Arabidopsis of a wild-type and mutants defective in jasmonate signaling under salt stress

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.

Download Full-text

Overexpression of a Novel ROP Gene from the Banana (MaROP5g) Confers Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19103108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 3108 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongxia Miao ◽

Peiguang Sun ◽

Juhua Liu ◽

Jingyi Wang ◽

Biyu Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ion Distribution ◽

Membrane Injury ◽

Primary Roots

Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs) are plant-specific molecular switches that are crucial for plant survival when subjected to abiotic stress. We identified and characterized 17 novel ROP proteins from Musa acuminata (MaROPs) using genomic techniques. The identified MaROPs fell into three of the four previously described ROP groups (Groups II–IV), with MaROPs in each group having similar genetic structures and conserved motifs. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that the two banana genotypes tested, Fen Jiao and BaXi Jiao, had similar responses to abiotic stress: Six genes (MaROP-3b, -5a, -5c, -5f, -5g, and -6) were highly expressed in response to cold, salt, and drought stress conditions in both genotypes. Of these, MaROP5g was most highly expressed in response to salt stress. Co-localization experiments showed that the MaROP5g protein was localized at the plasma membrane. When subjected to salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MaROP5g had longer primary roots and increased survival rates compared to wild-type A. thaliana. The increased salt tolerance conferred by MaROP5g might be related to reduced membrane injury and the increased cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and Ca2+ concentration in the transgenic plants as compared to wild-type. The increased expression of salt overly sensitive (SOS)-pathway genes and calcium-signaling pathway genes in MaROP5g-overexpressing A. thaliana reflected the enhanced tolerance to salt stress by the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type. Collectively, our results suggested that abiotic stress tolerance in banana plants might be regulated by multiple MaROPs, and that MaROP5g might enhance salt tolerance by increasing root length, improving membrane injury and ion distribution.

Download Full-text

Nisin Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Is Increased by Exposure to Salt Stress and Is Mediated via LiaR

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01797-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (18) ◽

pp. 5682-5688 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Teresa M. Bergholz ◽

Silin Tang ◽

Martin Wiedmann ◽

Kathryn J. Boor

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Control Measures ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Wild Type ◽

Content Type ◽

Type Strains

ABSTRACTGrowth ofListeria monocytogeneson refrigerated, ready-to-eat food is a significant food safety concern. Natural antimicrobials, such as nisin, can be used to control this pathogen on food, but little is known about how other food-related stresses may impact how the pathogen responds to these compounds. Prior work demonstrated that exposure ofL. monocytogenesto salt stress at 7°C led to increased expression of genes involved in nisin resistance, including the response regulatorliaR. We hypothesized that exposure to salt stress would increase subsequent resistance to nisin and that LiaR would contribute to increased nisin resistance. Isogenic deletion mutations inliaRwere constructed in 7 strains ofL. monocytogenes, and strains were exposed to 6% NaCl in brain heart infusion broth and then tested for resistance to nisin (2 mg/ml Nisaplin) at 7°C. For the wild-type strains, exposure to salt significantly increased subsequent nisin resistance (P< 0.0001) over innate levels of resistance. Compared to the salt-induced nisin resistance of wild-type strains, ΔliaRstrains were significantly more sensitive to nisin (P< 0.001), indicating that induction of LiaFSR led to cross-protection ofL. monocytogenesagainst subsequent inactivation by nisin. Transcript levels of LiaR-regulated genes were induced by salt stress, and lmo1746 andtelAwere found to contribute to LiaR-mediated salt-induced nisin resistance. These data suggest that environmental stresses similar to those on foods can influence the resistance ofL. monocytogenesto antimicrobials such as nisin, and potential cross-protective effects should be considered when selecting and applying control measures for this pathogen on ready-to-eat foods.

Download Full-text

Rice Overexpressing OsNUC1-S Reveals Differential Gene Expression Leading to Yield Loss Reduction after Salt Stress at the Booting Stage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123936 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3936 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chuthamas Boonchai ◽

Thanikarn Udomchalothorn ◽

Siriporn Sripinyowanich ◽

Luca Comai ◽

Teerapong Buaboocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wild Type ◽

Light Saturation ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Multifunctional Protein ◽

Booting Stage ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Transcriptome Comparison

Rice nucleolin (OsNUC1), consisting of two isoforms, OsNUC1-L and OsNUC1-S, is a multifunctional protein involved in salt-stress tolerance. Here, OsNUC1-S’s function was investigated using transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsNUC1-S. Under non-stress conditions, the transgenic lines showed a lower yield, but higher net photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates than wild type only in the second leaves, while in the flag leaves, these parameters were similar among the lines. However, under salt-stress conditions at the booting stage, the higher yields in transgenic lines were detected. Moreover, the gas exchange parameters of the transgenic lines were higher in both flag and second leaves, suggesting a role for OsNUC1-S overexpression in photosynthesis adaptation under salt-stress conditions. Moreover, the overexpression lines could maintain light-saturation points under salt-stress conditions, while a decrease in the light-saturation point owing to salt stress was found in wild type. Based on a transcriptome comparison between wild type and a transgenic line, after 3 and 9 days of salt stress, the significantly differentially expressed genes were enriched in the metabolic process of nucleic acid and macromolecule, photosynthesis, water transport, and cellular homeostasis processes, leading to the better performance of photosynthetic processes under salt-stress conditions at the booting stage.

Download Full-text

Action of methyl jasmonate and salt stress on antioxidant system of Arabidopsis plants defective in jasmonate signaling genes

The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal ◽

10.15407/ubj90.05.050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Т. О. Yastreb ◽

◽

Yu. E. Kolupaev ◽

N. V. Shvidenko ◽

A. P. Dmitriev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Jasmonate Signaling

Download Full-text

ROS-Scavengers, Osmoprotectants and Violaxanthin De-Epoxidation in Salt-Stressed Arabidopsis thaliana with Different Tocopherol Composition

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11370

Author(s):

Ewa Surówka ◽

Dariusz Latowski ◽

Michał Dziurka ◽

Magdalena Rys ◽

Anna Maksymowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Transgenic Line ◽

Wild Type ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Tocopherol Composition ◽

Ros Scavengers ◽

Excessive Accumulation

To determine the role of α- and γ-tocopherol (TC), this study compared the response to salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in wild type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. And its two mutants: (1) totally TC-deficient vte1; (2) vte4 accumulating γ-TC instead of α-TC; and (3) tmt transgenic line overaccumulating α-TC. Raman spectra revealed that salt-exposed α-TC accumulating plants were more flexible in regulating chlorophyll, carotenoid and polysaccharide levels than TC deficient mutants, while the plants overaccumulating γ-TC had the lowest levels of these biocompounds. Tocopherol composition and NaCl concentration affected xanthophyll cycle by changing the rate of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and zeaxanthin formation. NaCl treated plants with altered TC composition accumulated less oligosaccharides than WT plants. α-TC deficient plants increased their oligosaccharide levels and reduced maltose amount, while excessive accumulation of α-TC corresponded with enhanced amounts of maltose. Salt-stressed TC-deficient mutants and tmt transgenic line exhibited greater proline levels than WT plants, lower chlorogenic acid levels, and lower activity of catalase and peroxidases. α-TC accumulating plants produced more methylated proline- and glycine- betaines, and showed greater activity of superoxide dismutase than γ-TC deficient plants. Under salt stress, α-TC demonstrated a stronger regulatory effect on carbon- and nitrogen-related metabolites reorganization and modulation of antioxidant patterns than γ-TC. This suggested different links of α- and γ-TCs with various metabolic pathways via various functions and metabolic loops.

Download Full-text

The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

10.21203/rs.2.10262/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sareh Yousefirad ◽

Hassan Soltanloo ◽

Sayad Sanaz Ramezanpour ◽

Khalil Zaynalinezhad ◽

Vahid Shariati

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Ion Homeostasis ◽

High Ratio ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Ion Transporters ◽

Wild Type ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Mutant Genotype ◽

In The Wild

Abstract Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.

Download Full-text

A New Genetic Locus in Sinorhizobium meliloti Is Involved in Stachydrine Utilization

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.10.3954-3960.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 3954-3960 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Donald A. Phillips ◽

Eve S. Sande ◽

J. A. C. Vriezen ◽

Frans J. de Bruijn ◽

Daniel Le Rudulier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Genetic Locus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Single Strain ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Promoter Probe ◽

Inducible Genes

ABSTRACT Stachydrine, a betaine released by germinating alfalfa seeds, functions as an inducer of nodulation genes, a catabolite, and an osmoprotectant in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Two stachydrine-inducible genes were found in S. meliloti1021 by mutation with a Tn5-luxAB promoter probe. Both mutant strains (S10 and S11) formed effective alfalfa root nodules, but neither grew on stachydrine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. When grown in the absence or presence of salt stress, S10 and S11 took up [14C]stachydrine as well as wild-type cells did, but neither used stachydrine effectively as an osmoprotectant. In the absence of salt stress, both S10 and S11 took up less [14C]proline than wild-type cells did. S10 and S11 appeared to colonize alfalfa roots normally in single-strain tests, but when mixed with the wild-type strain, their rhizosphere counts were reduced more than 50% (P ≤ 0.01) relative to the wild type. These results suggest that stachydrine catabolism contributes to root colonization. DNA sequence analysis identified the mutated locus in S11 as putA, and the luxABfusion in that gene was induced by proline as well as stachydrine. DNA that restored the capacity of mutant S10 to catabolize stachydrine contained a new open reading frame, stcD. All data are consistent with the concept that stcD codes for an enzyme that produces proline by demethylation of N-methylproline, a degradation product of stachydrine.

Download Full-text

β-1,4-Glucanase-like protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is a β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and functions in salt stress tolerance

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20070171 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 405 (1) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Masahiro Tamoi ◽

Hideki Kurotaki ◽

Tamo Fukamizo

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Expression System ◽

Light Stress ◽

O2 Evolution ◽

Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽

Wild Type ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Synechocystis Pcc6803 ◽

Mutant Cells

In the present study, we characterized the gene (Cyanobase accession number slr0897) designated Ssglc encoding a β-1,4-glucanase-like protein (SsGlc) from Synechocystis PCC6803. The deduced amino acid sequence for Ssglc showed a high degree of similarity to sequences of GH (glycoside hydrolase) family 9 β-1,4-glucanases (cellulases) from various sources. Surprisingly, the recombinant protein obtained from the Escherichia coli expression system was able to hydrolyse barley β-glucan and lichenan (β-1,3-1,4-glucan), but not cellulose (β-1,4-glucan), curdlan (β-1,3-glucan), or laminarin (β-1,3-1,6-glucan). A 1H-NMR analysis of the enzymatic products revealed that the enzyme hydrolyses the β-1,4-glycosidic linkage of barley β-glucan through an inverting mechanism. The data indicated that SsGlc was a novel type of GH9 glucanase which could specifically hydrolyse the β-1,3-1,4-linkage of glucan. The growth of mutant Synechocystis cells in which the Ssglc gene was disrupted by a kanamycin-resistance cartridge gene was almost the same as that of the wild-type cells under continuous light (40 μmol of photons/m2 per s), a 12 h light (40 μmol of photons/m2 per s)/12 h dark cycle, cold stress (4 °C), and high light stress (200 μmol of photons/m2 per s). However, under salt stress (300–450 mM NaCl), growth of the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells was significantly inhibited as compared with that of the wild-type cells. The Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells showed a decreased rate of O2 consumption and NaHCO3-dependent O2 evolution as compared with the wild-type cells under salt stress. Under osmotic stress (100–400 mM sorbitol), there was no difference in growth between the wild-type and the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells. These results suggest that SsGlc functions in salt stress tolerance in Synechocystis PCC6803.

Download Full-text

Improved Salinity Tolerance in Carrizo Citrange Rootstock through Overexpression of Glyoxalase System Genes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/827951 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ximena Alvarez-Gerding ◽

Rowena Cortés-Bullemore ◽

Consuelo Medina ◽

Jesús L. Romero-Romero ◽

Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Type Plant ◽

Wild Type ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Glyoxalase System ◽

Carrizo Citrange

Citrus plants are widely cultivated around the world and, however, are one of the most salt stress sensitive crops. To improve salinity tolerance, transgenic Carrizo citrange rootstocks that overexpress glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II genes were obtained and their salt stress tolerance was evaluated. Molecular analysis showed high expression for both glyoxalase genes (BjGlyIandPgGlyII) in 5H03 and 5H04 lines. Under control conditions, transgenic and wild type plants presented normal morphology. In salinity treatments, the transgenic plants showed less yellowing, marginal burn in lower leaves and showed less than 40% of leaf damage compared with wild type plants. The transgenic plants showed a significant increase in the dry weight of shoot but there are no differences in the root and complete plant dry weight. In addition, a higher accumulation of chlorine is observed in the roots in transgenic line 5H03 but in shoot it was lower. Also, the wild type plant accumulated around 20% more chlorine in the shoot compared to roots. These results suggest that heterologous expression of glyoxalase system genes could enhance salt stress tolerance in Carrizo citrange rootstock and could be a good biotechnological approach to improve the abiotic stress tolerance in woody plant species.

Download Full-text