scholarly journals Global strategy and targets to reach end the global tuberculosis epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Yousef Veisani ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Salman Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Tuberculosis (TB) has the second highest death rate in the world among infectious diseases after HIV/AIDS (Wei et al., 2016). TB epidemic is more important than it was supposed to be (Raviglione and Sulis, 2016). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases were occurred worldwide, among these, 5.9 million (56%) were male, 3.5 million (34%) were female, and 1.0 million (10%) of them was the child. It should be noted that 1.2 million (11%) of all new TB cases were occurred in people that living with HIV (PWLH). Although tuberculosis deaths are declined by about 22% between 2000 to 2015, still is remained among top 10 causes of death in 2015 (Uplekar et al., 2015; WHO, 2016).

Photos to ‘show the world what we’re going through’: Women use images to talk about living with HIV/AIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Teti ◽  
Jenne Massie ◽  
Nancy Cheak-Zamora ◽  
Diane Binson
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Socio-cultural Factors affecting People Living with HIV/AIDS Attendance at Hawassa and Yirgalem Hospital ART Clinics, South Ethiopia. Quantitative and Qualitative Mixed Approach.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemante A Ayalew ◽  
Zeytu G Asfaw ◽  
Solomon A Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
The World ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS pandemic seriously ravaged the world for the past three decades. It left the world with full of complicated social, economic and political problems. The problem has continued as major health problems for most developing countries, including Ethiopia. Socio-cultural practices which are predominantly determining the life of most of these peoples have structured the spread of HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to investigate how socio-cultural factors are affecting patients' adherence at ART clinics in Hawassa and Yirgalem Referral Hospitals. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative designs were used to collect the data. Results: The findings have shown that for fear of stigma and discrimination at family and community levels forced patients' affected adherence at ART clinics. People living with HIV were forced to travel long distance to get rid of social exclusion and isolation that resulting in drug interruptions and drop outs. The findings have also shown that most of the followers of protestant religion make believe that HIV could be cured and boycotted them from taking ART drugs. Moreover, confidentiality of information about HIV positive children living with care givers and newly tested patients found to be resistant to start or continue their drugs. Sense of wellbeing elicited form long term ART drugs effects made patients to imagine complete healing thereby dropping their treatment. Conclusions: The findings made clear that multidimensional socio-cultural factors structure and restructure adherence problems at the ART clinics in the study hospitals. Interventions targeting to change socio-cultural factors play crucial roles to prevent and control new infections, occurrence of drug resistant strains, and social and economic repercussions in the society.

scholarly journals Update on TB Vaccine Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Martin ◽  
Nacho Aguilo ◽  
Dessislava Marinova ◽  
Jesus Gonzalo-Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
The World

In addition to antibiotics, vaccination is considered among the most efficacious methods in the control and the potential eradication of infectious diseases. New safe and effective vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) could be a very important tool and are called to play a significant role in the fight against TB resistant to antimicrobials. Despite the extended use of the current TB vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), TB continues to be transmitted actively and continues to be one of the 10 most important causes of death in the world. In the last 20 years, different TB vaccines have entered clinical trials. In this paper, we review the current use of BCG and the diversity of vaccines in clinical trials and their possible indications. New TB vaccines capable of protecting against respiratory forms of the disease caused by sensitive or resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains would be extremely useful tools helping to prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistance.

scholarly journals Causes of Death in HIV Patients and the Evolution of an AIDS Hospice: 1988–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Stewart ◽  
Soo Chan Carusone ◽  
Kent To ◽  
Nicole Schaefer-McDaniel ◽  
Mark Halman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In ◽  
Hiv Aids

This paper reports on the transformation that has occurred in the care of people living with HIV/AIDS in a Toronto Hospice. Casey House opened in the pre-HAART era to care exclusively for people with HIV/AIDS, an incurable disease. At the time, all patients were admitted for palliative care and all deaths were due to AIDS-defining conditions. AIDS-defining malignancies accounted for 22 percent of deaths, mainly, Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma. In the post-HAART era, AIDS-defining malignancies dropped dramatically and non-AIDS-defining malignancies became a significant cause of death, including liver cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancers. In the post-HAART era, people living with HIV/AIDS served at Casey House have changed considerably, with increasing numbers of patients facing homelessness and mental health issues, including substance use. Casey House offers a picture of the evolving epidemic and provides insight into changes and improvements made in the care of these patients.

scholarly journals Difficult Diseases: Tuberculosis and Other Infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
Claire Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Open Wards ◽  
As If

Abstract The pre-war annual asylum death rate of under ten per cent rose to 12 per cent in 1915–1916, and 20 per cent in 1918. There was little alarm, because causes of death were the same as pre-war, often infectious diseases, so it did not indicate staff failing in their duty of care, such as if the rise been attributed to “accidents” or suicide. Little was done to stem the rising death rate. A parallel rise did not occur in community dwelling civilians. Numerous practices, known to be unhygienic, risked spreading infection. They included: treating healthy and infectious patients together in open wards; lack of hand washing by laundry and kitchen workers and by patients after using the lavatory; lack of measures to prevent inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis; and drying soiled underclothing in the ward to be worn again without washing. Overcrowding, understaffing and war time austerity aggravated the situation.

scholarly journals Scientists, do it like Al Gore

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. E
Author(s):  
Pietro Greco
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Aids ◽  
Al Gore

Human health has currently to face a growing series of global issues. From the spread of HIV/AIDS to a fresh outbreak of tuberculosis, increasingly drug-resistant, the world is witnessing a return, mostly unexpected, of infectious diseases. At the same time, the economic growth in many regions of the globe is generating a sort of “epidemics of wellbeing diseases”: obesity, diabetes, heart disease.

scholarly journals Studi Literatur: Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Stigma pada Penderita HIV/AIDS (ODHA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nila Alfiani ◽  
Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi ◽  
Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi ◽  
Diansanto Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Systematic Review Methods ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS is a disease that has become a pandemic and worries people all over the world, because until now there has not been found a vaccine or drug for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. HIV positive cases in Indonesia from year to year have increased. The problems faced by people with HIV/AIDS are very complex. Every day the patient's condition will get weaker if he does not take medication regularly because the HIV virus will attack the patient's immune system. In addition, the stigma and discrimination of the surrounding community are also a burden that must be borne by people with HIV AIDS. The stigma makes HIV sufferers worse, with this stigma, HIV sufferers are ashamed to seek treatment at a health service. This writing is to determine the relationship between knowledge and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) through a review of various literature with the same theme. The method used in this paper uses rivew literature. This type of research uses systematic review. The study design used retrospective, prospective and systematic review methods. There is a relationship between knowledge and stigma against PLWHA. People with low knowledge tend to stigmatize people with HIV.

A Disease Called Poverty: The Sickness Dismantling Global Health Equity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Foran ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Equity ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria are considered the “big three” infectious diseases in global health. These illnesses alone account for nearly 3 million deaths every year, ravaging communities and countries around the world (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021). While this number alone is staggering, it is even more notable to observe exactly who is getting sick from these diseases. 95% of all AIDS victims, 98% of the world’s TB cases, and over 90% of the deaths from Malaria occurred in developing countries (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2021).

scholarly journals Causes of death among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Luiza Lage Fazito Rezende ◽  
Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauricio Gomes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Does recall time matter in verbal autopsies? Evidence from urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Donnie Mategula ◽  
Judy Gichuki
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Recall Time ◽  
Informal Setting ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: To assign a cause of death to non-medically certified deaths, verbal autopsies (VAs) are widely used to determine the cause of death. The time difference between the death and the VA interview, also referred to as recall time, varies depending on social and operational factors surrounding the death. We investigated the effect of recall time on the assignment of causes of death by VA. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of 2002-2015 survey data of the Nairobi Urban Health Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS). The independent variable recall time was derived from the date of death and the date when the VA was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to calculate odds ratios of assigning a cause of death in defined categories of recall time. Results: There were 6218 deaths followed up between 2002 and 2016, out of which 5495 (88.3%) had VAs done. Recall time varied from 1-3001 days (mean 115.5 days, sd216.8). Majority of the VAs (45.7%) were conducted between 1-3 months after death. The effect of recall time varied for different diseases. Compared to VAs conducted between 1-3 months, there was a 24% higher likelihood of identifying HIV/AIDS as the cause of death for VAs conducted 4-6 months after death (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01-1.54; p-value = 0.043) and a 40% increased chance of identifying other infectious diseases as the cause of death for VAs conducted <1 month after death (AOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.02-1.92, p-value = 0.024). Conclusions: Recall time affected the assignment of VA cause of death for HIV/AIDS, other infectious diseases and maternal/neonatal causes. Our analysis indicates that in the urban informal setting, VAs should be conducted from one month up to 6 months after the death to improve the probability of accurately assigning the cause of death.

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