scholarly journals Memory-enhancing effects of goat milk in D-galactose-induced aging rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3563-3571
Author(s):  
Afifa Safdar ◽  
Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman ◽  
Rahimah Zakaria ◽  
Che Badariah Ab Aziz ◽  
Usman Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aging Rat

Introduction: Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, particularly in memory deterioration. D-galactose is a reducing monosaccharide which, if systemically exposed, causes accelerated senescence in several organs and is widely being used as an ideal agent to induce brain aging in animal models. Goat milk is a food of high nutritional value which has been demonstrated to possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, thus far, little is known of its possible effects on the brain, especially on memory during aging. The present study examined the efficiency of goat milk supplementation on memory performance in a D-galactose induced aging rat model. Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) goat milk treated group, 3) D-galactose treated group, and 4) goat milk plus D-galactose treated group. D-galactose (120 mg/kg subcutaneously) and/or goat milk (1 g/kg orally) were administered continuously for six weeks, preceded and followed by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Results: Prior to goat milk and D-galactose administration, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in memory performance among all groups. Six weeks of D-galactose administration significantly decreased (p<0.001) short-term, long-term and spatial memory performance. Goat milk supplementation in the D-galactose induced rats managed to protect against memory decline, as exhibited by significantly higher (p<0.0001) short-term, long-term and spatial memory performance of the D-galactose plus goat milk treated group, compared to the D-galactose treated group. Conclusion: In conclusion, goat milk possesses memoryenhancing effects and, hence. may be useful in protecting against age-related memory deficits.  

scholarly journals Weight and Glycemic Control Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacotherapy in Patients With Melanocortin-4 Receptor Deficiency

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esphie Grace Fodra Fojas ◽  
Saradalekshmi Koramannil Radha ◽  
Tomader Ali ◽  
Evan P. Nadler ◽  
Nader Lessan
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundMelanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) mutations are the most common of the rare monogenic forms of obesity. However, the efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) and pharmacotherapy on weight and glycemic control in individuals with MC4R deficiency (MC4R-d) is not well-established. We investigated and compared the outcomes of BS and pharmacotherapy in patients with and without MC4R-d.MethodsPertinent details were derived from the electronic database among identified patients who had BS with MC4R-d (study group, SG) and wild-type controls (age- and sex-matched control group, CG). Short- and long-term outcomes were reported for the SG. Short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsSeventy patients were screened for MC4R-d. The SG [six individuals (four females, two males); 18 (10–27) years old at BS; 50.3 (41.8–61.9) kg/m2 at BS, three patients with homozygous T162I mutations, two patients with heterozygous T162I mutations, and one patient with heterozygous I170V mutation] had a follow-up duration of up to 10 years. Weight loss, which varied depending on mutation type [17.99 (6.10–22.54) %] was stable for 6 months; heterogeneity of results was observed thereafter. BS was found superior to liraglutide on weight and glycemic control outcomes. At a median follow-up of 6 months, no significant difference was observed on weight loss (20.8% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.65) between the SG and the CG [eight individuals (four females, four males); 19.0 (17.8–36.8) years old at BS, 46.2 (42.0–48.3) kg/m2 at BS or phamacotherapeutic intervention]. Glycemic control in patients with MC4R-d and Type 2 diabetes improved post-BS.ConclusionOur data indicate efficacious short-term but varied long-term weight loss and glycemic control outcomes of BS on patients with MC4R-d, suggesting the importance of ongoing monitoring and complementary therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term and short-term therapies on seminal parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jlenia Elia ◽  
Norina Imbrogno ◽  
Michele Delfino ◽  
Rossella Mazzilli ◽  
Vincenzo Spinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: The aim of this work was: i) to evaluate the prevalence of male partners of subfertile couples being treated with long/short term therapies for non andrological diseases; ii) to study their seminal profile for the possible effects of their treatments on spermatogenesis and/or epididymal maturation. Methods: The study group was made up of 723 subjects, aged between 25 and 47 years. Semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1999). The Superimposed Image Analysis System (SIAS), which is based on the computerized superimposition of spermatozoa images, was used to assess sperm motility parameters. Results: The prevalence of subjects taking pharmacological treatments was 22.7% (164/723). The prevalence was 3.7% (27/723) for the Short-Term Group and 18.9% (137/723) for the Long-Term Group. The subjects of each group were also subdivided into subgroups according to the treatments being received. Regarding the seminal profile, we did not observe a significant difference between the Long-Term, Short-Term or the Control Group. However, regarding the subgroups, we found a significant decrease in sperm number and progressive motility percentage in the subjects receiving treatment with antihypertensive drugs compared with the other subgroups and the Control Group. Conclusions: In the management of infertile couples, the potential negative impact on seminal parameters of any drugs being taken as Long-Term Therapy should be considered. The pathogenic mechanism needs to be clarified.

scholarly journals Endolymphatic irradiation in preparation for renal transplantation: a 26-year's follow-up

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 1710-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Margarida Galvão ◽  
Zulma Fernandes Peixinho ◽  
Nelson Figueiredo Mendes ◽  
Luiz Estevão Ianhez ◽  
Emil Sabbaga
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the long-term evolution of patients submitted to endolymphatic irradiation as a pre-transplant preparation. SETTING: Referral center of university hospital. DESIGN: Case-control study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The study was designed to evaluate the incidence of rejection, kidney loss, leukopenia, infection, and graft survival in the group treated (group 1) prior to surgery, compared to a control group (group 2) composed of patients under identical clinical conditions (sex, age, type of donor, immunosuppressive therapy and time of transplant) that did not undergo treatment preparation. PATIENTS: Patients were selected from amongst transplantation candidates on a long-term waiting list, some with a high level of antibodies against panel. The control group was chosen from amongst recently transplanted patients. Patients in the treated group received lipoiodine containing 131I with specific activity ranging between 4 and 6 mCu/ml. RESULTS: A significant difference between the two groups was found with regard to the incidence of rejection crises (21.0% in group 1 and 73.6% in group 2; P= 0.003), and the maintenance dose of azathioprine (smaller in group 1; P< 0.01). As to kidney graft loss due to rejection, a tendency to significance could be identified (10.5% in group 1 and 42.1% in group 2; P= 0.063); however, the difference was not significant between the two groups in terms of reversibility of rejection episodes during the first 60 post-transplant days. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that this method, besides being relatively innocuous (there was no compromising of either the thyroid gland or of gonad function and there was no increase in tumor incidence), has an extended immunosuppressive effect, and can be indicated for cadaveric renal allograft recipients, especially those showing high panel reactivity.

scholarly journals Short-term skin problems in infants aged 0–3 months affect food allergies or atopic dermatitis until 2 years of age, among infants of the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Yonezawa ◽  
Megumi Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Skin Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background This study examined whether infants aged 0–3 months exhibited long-term effects of using a moisturizer skincare intervention and whether a short-term skin problem resulted in the subsequent development of food allergies or atopic dermatitis (AD) until the age of 2 years. Methods This study was a follow-up of a completed randomized control trial (RCT) of moisturizer skincare for infants aged 0–3 months. A self-reported questionnaire was mailed to the parents of children aged 1–2 years who had participated in the RCT. Data were analyzed using a Chi square test, by intention to treat analysis, and by multiple logistic regression. Results Of 155 infants, 22 (14.2%) and 28 (18.1%) had food allergies and AD/eczema until 2 years of age, respectively. No significant difference was seen in food allergies or AD between the group that received moisturizer skincare intervention and the control group. On the contrary, food allergies until 2 years of age were significantly associated with short-term (4–7 days) and long-term (more than 7 days) body skin problems occurring in the first 3 months of life, a family history of AD, and the time of starting complementary food. High value of face transepidermal water loss at 3 months of age was also associated with food allergies. Moreover, a short duration of severe diaper dermatitis during the first 3 months, a family history of AD, and being male were significantly associated with AD/eczema until the age of 2 years. Conclusions After adjusting for family history of AD, a short-term skin problem in the first 3 months of life was significantly associated with the development of food allergies or AD/eczema until the age of 2 years. Prevention or prompt treatment of skin problems in newborns is essential for preventing future allergic diseases. Trial registration This was a follow-up study conducted 2 years after the completed RCT of a moisturizer skincare intervention for early infants, which was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000013260)

scholarly journals Doxorubicin induced histomorphometric changes in testes of albino rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar Sah ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Soumya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Anticancer drugs like doxorubicin have been found to affect male gonads thereby leading to infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin over short, mid and long term on testes of male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats aged 6-8 weeks were taken for study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of experimental (each group containing 10 rats) and 3 groups of control (each group containing 10 rats). The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally and sacrificed after 3 different duration for each group (second week, eighth week and sixteenth week). All rats under 3 control groups were given a single intra-peritoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. Significant difference in diameters (p=0.029) and cross-sectional area (p=0.028) of seminiferous tubules was observed between short term experimental and short term control rats. For both between midterm experimental and midterm control group, and between long term experimental and long term control group, a significant difference in right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), volume of testis (p<0.001 and p=0.038), diameter (p<0.001 for both) and area (p<0.001 for both) of seminiferous tubules was observed. As compared to short term experimental group, midterm experimental group and long term experimental group had significantly lower right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 for both) and cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 both). Cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of all the control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of seminiferous tubules structure across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin has deleterious effect on seminiferous tubules of albino rat testis.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 10-14

scholarly journals Long-term scopolamine treatment altered locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of albino rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa K. Abdelghany ◽  
Akram M. El-Kashlan ◽  
Hosny H. Emeash ◽  
Fatma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Animal models are used to provide an adequate investigation of brain-behaviour, physiological and path physiological relationships to give insight into human behaviour and the underlying processes of drugs affecting the nervous system. Scopolamine; SCO (alkaloid l-(2)-scopolamine [l-(2)-hyoscine]) has a competitive inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine. Thus, this study was designated to investigate the effect of long-term SCO treatment on locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of rats using open field test. Results The long-term SCO treatment induced a prominent increase in locomotion (hyperactivity) and exploratory behaviour of rats. In addition, anxiety-like behavioural patterns showed a non-significant difference in SCO treated compared to control. Serotonin level was significantly decreased in the scopolamine treated group in comparison with the control group. Conclusions Data suggested that long-term SCO treatment resulted in marked neurobehavioural alterations in a rat as an animal model.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Repopulation Modulated by ROS-Detoxifying Enzymes,

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4172-4172
Author(s):  
Richard XuFeng ◽  
Moo-Rim Park ◽  
Weimin Miao ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Michael W. Epperly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retroviral Delivery

Abstract Abstract 4172 A tightly regulated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for proper functioning of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and high levels of ROS were shown to be able to exhaust the HSC compartment under stress conditions. Intracellular excessive ROS are normally scavenged by antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide anion radical (O) converts into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and then detoxified by catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) into water. We hypothesize that maintaining a low redox status by ectopically expressing these ROS-detoxifying enzymes, namely manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD) and catalse is able to augment HSC regeneration. In this study, we explored the potential usefulness of MnSOD-PL, a drugable MnSOD plasmid and lipfectin complex, in enhancing the efficiency of HSC transplant. We have also investigated the effects of overexprressed MnSOD or catalase via retroviral delivery on the engraftment efficiency of transduced HSCsSCs. Our results showed that the basal mRNA levels of MnSOD and catalase in long-term and short-term HSCs were less than 1–3% of that of the cellular beta-actin. The mRNA levels were 2 to 4 fold higher in the short-term repopulating HSCs than those in the long-term repopulating HSCs. Irradiation did not induce enzymes expression except catalase in megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP) and GPx1 in granulocyte-monocytic progenitors (GMP), which were significantly increased after exposure to 800 cGy (p=0.05) and 400 cGy (p=0.046) radiations, respectively. Administration of MnSOD-PL before TBI conferred significant radiation protection for irradiated recipient mice. On the one hand, the recovery of endogenous hematopoietic could be boosted. On the other hand, the function of the donor HSCs was more preserved from the ROS damage and proliferative stress, and those preserved HSCs were able to replenish the BM when a secondary stress occurred. However, the beneficial effects of MnSOD-PL seemed to be largely via the host environment, since our subsequent experiment showed that overexpression of MnSOD in HSCs only provided minimal benefits to the hematopoietic reconstitution. This potential utility of MnSOD-PL suggests an alternative therapeutic strategy to enhance the HSCs engraftment efficiency in bone marrow transplant. In order to further explore the effects of catalase in HSC protection, human catalase was over-expressed in mouse LKS cells via retroviral delivery in comparison with MnSOD. In the colony-forming cell assay, CFU-M colonies were significantly higher in catalase or MnSOD over-expressed group than those of vector control group in the 200 cGy irradiated plates (p=0.01). Within three months after competitive transplantation, the engraftment levels were increased to 2.7–3.4 fold in catalase group than those of vector group. After 200 cGy re-irradiation engraftment levels were significantly increased to 6.4–7.9 fold in the catalase group (p<0.05). The results showed that overexpression of catalase alone could significantly improve the HSC repopulation. Despite no significant difference in the primary transplantation experiments, MnSOD over-expression also showed a positive effect on the HSC repopulation capacity in the serial transplantation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that maintaining low ROS by ectopically expressing the ROS-detoxifying enzymes is a viable approach to improve HSC functions under stress and damaging conditions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A New Non-Uremic Rat Model of Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-M. PENG ◽  
Z.-J. SHU ◽  
L. XIAO ◽  
L. SUN ◽  
W.-B. TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Glucose Group

Together with the development of peritoneal dialysis (PD), appropriate animal models play an important role in the investigation of physiological, pathophysiological and clinical aspects of PD. However, there is still not an ideal experimental PD animal model. In this study, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection through the catheter connected to the abdominal cavity, using PD solution containing 3.86 % D-glucose. Group 2 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection of 0.9 % physiological saline through a catheter. Group 3 (n=15), which was subjected to sham operation, served as controls. Our results showed that WBC counts in peritoneal effluent of Group 1 were slightly higher than those of Group 2 and control group, respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no episode of infection in any group. In addition, there was no significant difference in neutrophils fractions among these three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining demonstrated a dramatic increase in thickness of the mesothelium-to-muscle layer of peritoneum exposed to high glucose (Group 1) compared to Group 2 and controls (p<0.01). These data indicated that we established a novel rat model of PD with a modified catheter insertion method. This model is more practical, easy to operate, not too expensive and it will facilitate the investigate of long-term effects of PD.

scholarly journals Does GH replacement therapy in adult GH-deficient patients result in recurrence or increase in size of pituitary tumours?

2002 ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Hatrick ◽  
P Boghalo ◽  
JB Bingham ◽  
AB Ayres ◽  
PH Sonksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: Hypopituitary GH-deficient patients have an increased cardiovascular mortality and GH replacement in this population has resulted in considerable therapeutic benefit. GH replacement involves administration of a potentially mitogenic substance to patients with a previous or residual pituitary tumour. Our objective was to evaluate whether GH replacement results in an increase in the size of pituitary tumours. METHODS: This was a non-randomised observational study on patients recruited from the endocrine clinic. All subjects had GH deficiency, proven on an insulin tolerance test and were divided into those who were or were not receiving long-term GH replacement. Comparison of change in pituitary size was made with interval radiological imaging of the pituitary. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (40 men and 35 women) were in the study, 47 were on long-term GH replacement and there were 28 controls. The average length of treatment for the treated group was 3.6 patient years. Thirty-nine patients in the treated group had at least 2 years of GH treatment between imaging studies of the pituitary. Two patients in the treated group had an increase in pituitary size (non-functioning adenomas) and two in the control group (one functioning and one non-functioning adenoma adenoma). None of these four patients required further treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Using a representative cohort of hypopituitary patients attending an endocrine clinic, GH replacement was not associated with an increased pituitary tumour recurrence rate. Although the results are not conclusive, in the period of observation GH had little adverse effect but longer studies are required to be certain.

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