IDIOPATHIC CELIAC DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
DOROTHY H. ANDERSEN ◽  
PAUL A. DI SANT'AGNES
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Prodromal Symptom ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Total Body

The acute phase of idiopathic celiac disease was studied in 58 patients. The criteria for selection of these cases are stated. The frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in siblings and other relatives appeared to exceed expectation unless the disease is familial. In the majority of patients studied, symptoms began before the age of 6 months, in 14 at birth. Vomiting was a frequent prodromal symptom. Breast feeding for more than two months was shown to delay the onset of diarrhea. The early onset of symptoms in the present series is believed to be related to the prevalence of formula feeding from early infancy in New York City at present. Severe retardation in growth of the skull was common and occurred at an earlier age than retardation in height. This, at times, led to disproportion between measurements for total body length and head circumference. Ultimate head measurements were normal. The following laboratory procedures were performed in the patients under consideration and their results recorded: pancreatic trypsin and amylase estimation on duodenal drainage, glucose tolerance tests, fecal fat determination, total serum protein, serum carotene and vitamin A levels and vitamin A absorption test. The diagnostic usefulness of these procedures is discussed. Various diseases of infancy which may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of idiopathic celiac disease are discussed.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

Celiac Disease in Kosovar Albanian Children: Evaluation of Clinical Features and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Atifete Ramosaj-Morina ◽  
Alije Keka-Sylaj ◽  
Arbana Baloku Zejnullahu ◽  
Lidvana Spahiu ◽  
Virgjina Hasbahta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

Background: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by variable clinical manifestations, specific antibodies, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the clinical spectrum and patterns of celiac disease in Kosovar Albanian children. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with Albanian children aged 0-18 years, treated for celiac disease in the Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo from 2005 to 2016. Results: During the study period, 63 children were treated for celiac disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.5 years (SD ± 3.31). The mean age at celiac disease onset was 3.3 years (SD ± 2.02), while the mean delay from the first symptoms indicative of celiac disease to diagnosis was 2.2 years (SD ± 2.09). More than 70% of the patients were diagnosed in the first 7 years of life, mainly presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, while primary school children and adolescents mostly showed atypical symptoms (p<0.001). The classical form of celiac disease occurred in 78% of the cases. Sixty (95%) patients carried HLA-DQ2.5, DQ2.2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers, and only three of them tested negative. Conclusions: Kosovo, as the majority of developing countries, is still facing the classical form of celiac disease as the dominant mode of presentation; as a result, most children with other forms of the celiac disease remain undiagnosed. : Physicians should be aware of the wide range of clinical presentations and utilize low testing thresholds in order to prevent potential long-term problems associated with untreated celiac disease.

scholarly journals Gliadin Sequestration as a Novel Therapy for Celiac Disease: A Prospective Application for Polyphenols

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Charlene B. Van Buiten ◽  
Ryan J. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Gluten Proteins ◽  
Prospective Application

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a heightened immune response to gluten proteins in the diet, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and mucosal damage localized to the small intestine. Despite its prevalence, the only treatment currently available for celiac disease is complete avoidance of gluten proteins in the diet. Ongoing clinical trials have focused on targeting the immune response or gluten proteins through methods such as immunosuppression, enhanced protein degradation and protein sequestration. Recent studies suggest that polyphenols may elicit protective effects within the celiac disease milieu by disrupting the enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten proteins, sequestering gluten proteins from recognition by critical receptors in pathogenesis and exerting anti-inflammatory effects on the system as a whole. This review highlights mechanisms by which polyphenols can protect against celiac disease, takes a critical look at recent works and outlines future applications for this potential treatment method.

scholarly journals The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maśko ◽  
Małgorzata Domino ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński ◽  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
Blood Profiles

Blood testing is one of the most important ways to improve performance, facilitate recovery and monitor the training of endurance and race horses. However, little is known about the physical activity-dependent changes of blood parameters in horses used for pleasure and in riding schools. This study aimed to perform routine blood tests for training monitoring of sport horses in three different horse types of use. Then the values of blood indicators were compared between school, endurance and race horses to find similarities in the physical activity-dependent profile. The study was carried out on 15 endurance, 15 race and 15 school healthy horses who underwent the typical effort for their disciplines. The hemogram parameters, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood lactate (LAC), and total serum protein (TSP) concentrations were measured using the same protocol and equipment. Measurements of main hematological and biochemical physical activity-dependent parameters were conducted before, immediately after and 30 min after training. In school horses, the physical activity-dependent increase of WBC (40.9%) and CPK (76.4%) was similar to endurance horses, whereas an increase of RBC (19.1%), HGB (18.6%) and HCT (19.4%) were more similar to race horses. The moderate effort-dependent increase of LAC concentration (2775%) was lower than in race horses (7526%) and higher than in endurance horses (390%). Limiting the training or work monitoring assessment of school horses to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Updated Estimates of Vitamin a Total Body Stores in Healthy Young Adults Determined by Compartmental Modeling with Vitamin a Intake Added as Data (FS06-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ford ◽  
Georg Lietz ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
Joanne Green ◽  
Michael Green
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Science Research ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives We applied a new modeling approach to generate estimates of vitamin A total body stores (TBS) for previously-studied subjects (Green et al. J Nutr 2016;146:2129–36) who were consuming moderate amounts of preformed vitamin A. Based on recent work, we hypothesized that inclusion of an estimate of vitamin A dietary intake (DI) during modeling would help compensate for the less-than-optimal study duration (14 d). Methods We reanalyzed retinol kinetic data collected after ingestion of [13C10]retinyl acetate by 26 young adults of European ancestry for whom estimates of DI were available. To predict TBS by compartmental analysis, geometric mean (GM) data on fraction of dose in plasma versus time plus estimated intake (2.9 µmol retinol activity equivalents/d) were analyzed using the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software in light of previously-established models. We also used modeling to estimate coefficients (“FaS”) used in retinol isotope dilution (RID) equations and calculated TBS for the group and individuals. Results TBS predicted by the model without DI data included was 98 µmol; when the GM DI was included in the modeling data stream, predicted TBS was 273 µmol. Including DI data during modeling also resulted in lower predictions of intake [2.9 versus 8.7 µmol/d without DI, compared with the average RDA for adults (2.8 µmol/d)] and longer predicted days of vitamin A stores (125 versus 15 d). Using the FaS at 7 d (0.90) predicted by the model with DI, RID-predicted TBS agreed with the model prediction (GM, 274 µmol, range 106–889 µmol). Conclusions Results indicate that including an estimate of DI during modeling provides more realistic predictions of TBS for studies of short duration and improves confidence in model prediction of vitamin A status. Funding Sources Original human studies were supported by Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council (grant BB/G004056/1 to GL) and Cancer Research UK; current analyses were supported by College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University.

scholarly journals Changes in Age at Diagnosis and Nutritional Course of Celiac Disease in the Last Two Decades

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Villanueva ◽  
Amaya Oyarzún ◽  
Bárbara Leyton ◽  
Mónica González ◽  
Elizabeth Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Hospitals ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antiendomysial Antibodies

The frequency of celiac disease (CD) has increased along time, with relevant changes reported in geographical variations, clinical presentation and nutritional repercussions. In recent years, some celiac patients are presenting overweight/obesity, but it is unclear how frequent this is and to what extent undernutrition remains a concern. This is relevant because CD tends to be overlooked in overweight patients. With this in mind, we assessed age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and nutritional status of 155 celiac patients diagnosed between 1994–2017 in four pediatric hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Since 2003, the number of patients diagnosed has increased (p < 0.0033), coinciding with antitransglutaminase and antiendomysial antibodies becoming available to public health systems. In 2000, 4.5% of patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, suggesting that active search is not routinely applied. Gastrointestinal symptoms plus failure to thrive were significantly more frequent under 2 years (p = 0.0001). Nutritional status has improved at diagnosis and during follow up, but undernutrition remains more frequent in children <2 and <5 years (p < 0.002 and p < 0.0036, respectively). Overweight at diagnosis was reported in 2002 and obesity in 2010. After initiating treatment, since 2010, patients changing from undernourishment to overweight has sometimes been observed after only 6 months on a gluten-free diet.

scholarly journals South African preschool children habitually consuming sheep liver and exposed to vitamin A supplementation and fortification have hypervitaminotic A liver stores: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E van Stuijvenberg ◽  
Muhammad A Dhansay ◽  
Jana Nel ◽  
Devika Suri ◽  
Michael Grahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Retinyl Esters

ABSTRACT Background In some regions, multiple vitamin A (VA) interventions occur in the same target groups, which may lead to excessive stores. Retinol isotope dilution (RID) is a more sensitive technique than serum retinol to measure VA status. Objective We evaluated VA status before and after a high-dose supplement in preschool children living in a region in South Africa with habitual liver consumption and exposed to VA supplementation and fortification. Methods After baseline blood samples, subjects (46.7 ± 8.4 mo; n = 94) were administered 1.0 μmol [14,15]-13C2-retinyl acetate to estimate total liver retinol reserves by RID with a follow-up 14-d blood sample. Liver intake was assessed with a frequency questionnaire. In line with current practice, a routine 200,000 IU VA capsule was administered after the RID test. RID was repeated 1 mo later. Serum retinyl esters were evaluated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Results At baseline, 63.6% of these children had hypervitaminosis A defined as total liver retinol reserves ≥1.0 μmol/g liver, which increased to 71.6% after supplementation (1.13 ± 0.43 to 1.29 ± 0.46 μmol/g; P < 0.001). Total serum VA as retinyl esters was elevated in 4.8% and 6.1% of children before and after supplementation. The odds of having hypervitaminosis A at baseline were higher in children consuming liver ≥1/mo (ratio 3.70 [95% CI: 1.08, 12.6]) and in children receiving 2 (4.28 [1.03, 17.9]) or 3 (6.45 [0.64, 65.41]) supplements in the past 12 mo. Total body stores decreased after the supplement in children in the highest quartile at baseline compared with children with lower stores, who showed an increase (P = 0.007). Conclusions In children, such as this cohort in South Africa, with adequate VA intake through diet, and overlapping VA fortification and supplementation, preschool VA capsule distribution should be re-evaluated. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02915731 as NCT02915731.

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION IV. EFFECT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Complement Activity

To determine whether liver injury would result in a parallel decline in the complement titer and coagulative properties of the blood, groups of guinea pigs were given series of injections of the liver poison, carbon tetrachloride. Marked fatty degeneration of the liver, a decline in total serum protein and albumin, a decrease in complement activity, and a prolongation of coagulation time was observed in the treated animals. A general relationship was noted between the albumin-globulin ratio and the complement titer of the serum and between the complement titer and the coagulation time of the plasma.

scholarly journals Vitamin A-Fortified Milk Increases Total Body Vitamin A Stores in Mexican Preschoolers

2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Lopez-Teros ◽  
Luis Quihui-Cota ◽  
Rosa O. Méndez-Estrada ◽  
Maria I. Grijalva-Haro ◽  
Julián Esparza-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Total Body

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

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