THE CONCENTRATION OF LEAD IN PLASMA, WHOLE BLOOD AND ERYTHROCYTES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-797
Author(s):  
Morton J. Robinson ◽  
Felix E. Karpinski ◽  
Heinrich Brieger
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

The concentration of lead in the blood of 103 infants and children without history of pica or lead poisoning, ranging in age from 5 hours to 13 years, was studied. The children were divided into three groups according to age: Group I, 5 hours to 6 months of age; Group II, 6.1 months to 4 years of age; Group III, older than 4 years. The values obtained in Group I were significantly lower than those obtained in Groups II and III. Groups II and III showed approximately the same content of lead in whole blood and erythrocytes. The median values in Group I were 0.015 mg/ 100 ml of whole blood and 0.034 mg/100 ml of erythrocytes. In the combined Groups II and III median values in whole blood were 0.027 mg/100 ml, and in erythrocytes 0.065 mg/100 ml. The range in Group I was 0.005-0.031 mg/100 ml of whole blood and 0.010-0.090 mg/100 ml of erythrocytes. In the two groups more than 6 months of age, the range for whole blood was found to be 0.003-0.054 mg/100 ml, and for erythrocytes 0.003-0.144 mg/100 ml; 90% of the values were between 0.015 and 0.040 mg/100 ml (whole blood), and between 0.028 and 0.103 mg/100 ml (erythrocytes). Significant amounts of bead were found in the whole blood (0.007-0.028 mg/100 ml), and erythrocytes (0.010-0.044 mg/100 ml) of newborn infants.

scholarly journals Evolutionary History of the GH3 Family Based on 48 Sequenced Plants and Identification of Jasmonic Acid-Relate GH3 Genes in Solanum tuberosum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Leilei Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Haoli Ma ◽  
Bailin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Family Based

Glycoside Hydrolase 3 (GH3) is a phytohormone-responsive family of genes that has been found in many plant species. It is implicated in the biological activity of indolacetic (IAA) and jasmonic acids (JA), and also affects plant growth and developmental processes and some stresses. In this study, GH3 genes were identified in 48 plants, which belong to algae, moss, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm. No GH3 representative gene has been found in algae, and our research identified 4 genes in mosses, 19 in ferns, 7 in gymnosperms, and numerous in Angiosperms. The results showed that GH3 genes mainly occur in seed plants. Phylogenetic analysis of all GH3 genes showed three separate clades. Group I was related to JA adenylation, group II was related to IAA adenylation, and group III was separated from group II but the function was not clear. The structure of GH3 protein indicated highly conserved sequence in the plant kingdom. The analysis of JA-adenylation related to gene expression of GH3 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) showed that StGH3.12 highly responded to Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Expression levels of StGH3.1, StGH3.11, and StGH3.12 were high in flower and StGH3.11 expression was also high in stolon. Our research revealed the evolution of the GH3 family, which is useful for studying the precise function about JA-adenylation GH3 genes in S. tuberosum under development and biotic stresses.

scholarly journals ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
ABDUL REHMAN ABID ◽  
M. Shahid Naveed ◽  
LIAQAT ALI ◽  
Siraj Munir Ahmed Tarin ◽  
M. TAHIR MOHYUDDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Women with acute myocardial infarction have higher in-hospital mortalitythan men mainly due to greater age on presentation. Objective: To evaluate the age specific sex difference in inhospitalmortality of acute myocardial infarction. Design: Descriptive study. Place and duration: Coronary Care Unitand cardiology ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from 15 of th September 2002 till 30th of April 2003. Material & Methods:Four hundred and fifty patients of acute myocardial infarction who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were studied while theywere admitted to the hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to age and sex i.e. Group I (male <45years), Group II (male $45 years), Group III (female <45 years) and Group IV (female $45 years). In-hospital mortalitywas compared between different age groups by Chi-square test. Results: The total in-hospital mortality was76(16.9%).In Group III none of the patients expired. In Group I in-hospital mortality was 6(7.1%) patients followed byGroup II 50(18.3%) patients and Group IV 20(23.3%) patients p<0.019. In-hospital mortality was greater in Group IVthan in any other group. Group IV patients were more frequently diabetic and hypertensive than patients in any othergroup. Group IV patients presented late to the hospital. There was no significant difference in site of myocardialinfarction in different groups. Higher Killip class was observed in Group II and IV p<0.05. Streptokinase injection wasgiven less frequently in Group IV than in any other group p <0.012. Only 34(39.5%) patients in Group IV had nocomplication during hospital stay while more patients in other groups had uneventful hospital stay p<0.001.Conclusion: Female sex is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in older age group as compared to the malepatients of same age group.

Family Studies of Patients with Reduced Ristocetin Aggregation and Abnormalities of Factor VIII and/or Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 078-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ekert ◽  
R Ananthakrishnan ◽  
R. H Muntz ◽  
S Dowling ◽  
S D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Dominant Inheritance ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

SummaryFactor VIII procoagulant activity (VIIIc), antigen (vWa), mobility of the antigen on two dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis and platelet function were studied in 9 families with reduced ristocetin induced platelet aggregation rate (RIPA) and/or deficiency of plasma factor(s) required for ristocetin aggregation of washed normal platelets (vWf). The families could be subdivided into 4 groups. Group I showed dominant inheritance and reduced levels of VIIIc and vWa characteristic of typical von Willebrand’s disease. All patients had reduced vWf and in 7 of 10 RIPA was reduced. Group II showed normal levels of VIIIc but reduced vWa. All showed reduced vWf but RIPA was reduced in one patient only. There was a good correlation between vWf and vWa and VIIIc in both groups. The bleeding time correlated with vWf in group I but not group II. Group III showed normal or nearly normal VIIIc and vWa but there was an increased mobility of vWa compared to normals and to groups I and II. RIPA was markedly reduced as was the vWf in one patient. Group IV is represented by one child with a strong family history of bleeding, who had reduced RIPA and defective platelet release reaction. The vWf in this child was normal and the ratio between VIIIc and vWa was similar to that seen in carriers of haemophilia. This spectrum of abnormalities of ristocetin aggregation justifies the use of the term ‘von Willebrand’s syndrome’.

566 Persistent Sleep Apnea and Desaturation in Preterm Children at 18 Months of Age at High Altitude (2640 M)

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A223-A224
Author(s):  
Elida Duenas-Meza ◽  
Maria Escamilla ◽  
Laura Rincon ◽  
Andrea Parra ◽  
Maria Bazurto-Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Desaturation Index ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Children born at term who live at high altitude (HA) (≥ 2500 m) have different respiratory patterns from those that live at sea level. It is essential to determine these patterns in preterm children due to their high risk of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS). The evolution of the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (ODI), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) is unknown in this group at HA. The objective was to characterize the respiratory patterns during sleep of preterm children living at HA and compare it with those of healthy children born at term. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Bogotá, Colombia (altitude: 2640 m). We included 302 children, 127 were preterm with an average of gestational age of 31weeks (SD: 2.9) and an average weight at birth of 1600 g (SD: 594) and 175 healthy full-term infants. Three groups were defined according to age: Group I: 3–4 months, Group II: 6–7 months,, Group III: 10–18 months. All children underwent nocturnal polysomnogram to evaluate their respiratory variables: AHI, average and minimum SpO2, ODI, and T90 during sleep and analyzed the data according to the parameters of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Results 302 polysomnograms were performed, 54.3% were girls and were distributed by groups as follows: Group I:105 patients (34.8%), 16 preterm, Group II: 107 patients (35.4%), 46 preterm and Group III: 90 patients (29.8%), 65 preterm. We observed higher respiratory parameters within each age strata in premature infants compared to children born at term. Preterm infants had higher ODI, AHI, obstructive apnea hypopnea index (O-AHI), and Central Apnea hypopnea index (C-AHI). Although the effect decreases over time, we found a significant difference in the first age group. There was a high persistence index in children with a history of preterm birth living at high altitude. We also found a significant decrease in AHI, ODI across time in healthy and preterm children p&lt;0.01 Conclusion Premature children living at HA persist with higher ODI and AHI compared to children of similar ages born at term. The high desaturation index indicates the presence of intermittent hypoxia that persists in these children over time Support (if any):

STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Miller ◽  
Ned W. Smull
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Serial Measurements

Serial measurements have been made of the resting tidal and minute volumes and respiratory rates on 40 premature infants during the first 2 weeks after birth. The 40 infants were divided into three groups according to the trend of their respiratory rates. Infants whose respiratory rates were normal from birth (Group I) had the highest mean resting tidal volumes during the first 2 weeks. Mean resting tidal volumes were significantly lower throughout the first week among infants whose respiratory rates were initially high during the first hour and subsequently declined to normal (Group II) and among infants whose respiratory rates significantly increased after the first hour (Group III). Infants in Group III had the lowest tidal volumes and the most severe degrees of respiratory insufficiency. The mean resting tidal volume among infants in Group III was less at the end of the first week than that of infants in Group I at the end of the first day. Although tidal volumes in infants in Group II were in general much lower than normal the first few days after birth, exceptions to this rule may occasionally be encountered. Although all three groups showed an increase in mean tidal volumes of about 25% at the end of 24 hours over the volumes obtained during the first 3 hours after birth, the respiratory rates were different. In Group I the increase in tidal volume was accompanied by no significant change in respiratory rate; in Group II, by a significant decrease in respiratory rate; in Group III, by a significant increase in respiratory arte. During the second day Group III showed clinical improvement accompanied by a significant decrease in mean respiratory rate but not by any significant increase in mean tidal volume. Fluctuations in mean minute volumes in Groups II and III on the first 2 days were largely dependent on changes in respiratory rates.

scholarly journals ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
ABDUL REHMAN ABID ◽  
M. Shahid Naveed ◽  
LIAQAT ALI ◽  
Siraj Munir Ahmed Tarin ◽  
M. TAHIR MOHYUDDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Women with acute myocardial infarction have higher in-hospital mortalitythan men mainly due to greater age on presentation. Objective: To evaluate the age specific sex difference in inhospitalmortality of acute myocardial infarction. Design: Descriptive study. Place and duration: Coronary Care Unitand cardiology ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from 15 of th September 2002 till 30th of April 2003. Material & Methods:Four hundred and fifty patients of acute myocardial infarction who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were studied while theywere admitted to the hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to age and sex i.e. Group I (male <45years), Group II (male $45 years), Group III (female <45 years) and Group IV (female $45 years). In-hospital mortalitywas compared between different age groups by Chi-square test. Results: The total in-hospital mortality was76(16.9%).In Group III none of the patients expired. In Group I in-hospital mortality was 6(7.1%) patients followed byGroup II 50(18.3%) patients and Group IV 20(23.3%) patients p<0.019. In-hospital mortality was greater in Group IVthan in any other group. Group IV patients were more frequently diabetic and hypertensive than patients in any othergroup. Group IV patients presented late to the hospital. There was no significant difference in site of myocardialinfarction in different groups. Higher Killip class was observed in Group II and IV p<0.05. Streptokinase injection wasgiven less frequently in Group IV than in any other group p <0.012. Only 34(39.5%) patients in Group IV had nocomplication during hospital stay while more patients in other groups had uneventful hospital stay p<0.001.Conclusion: Female sex is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in older age group as compared to the malepatients of same age group.

scholarly journals Surgical versus medical intervention for the treatment of concurrent otitis media with effusion in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy in the age group 5-15 years: a prospective comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Davis T. Pulimoottil ◽  
Padmanabhan Karthikeyan ◽  
Nirmal C. Venkataramanujam ◽  
Ramiya R. Kaipuzha ◽  
Angel Cham Philip
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 5

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim was to study the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) among children with concurrent chronic adenotonsillitis or adenoid hypertrophy and to study the outcomes of various modalities of treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Over 2 years, 100 children in the age group 5-15 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy were included of which, patients diagnosed with concurrent OME were sequentially allocated into 2 groups. Group I was adenotonsillectomy and medical therapy and group II was adenotonsillectomy and myringotomy with grommet insertion.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of OME among children in the age group 5-15 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy is 21%. There is a statistically significant relationship between male gender, middle socioeconomic status, joint families, history of bottle feeding, history of exposure to parental smoking and prevalence of OME. Group II fared better in terms of clinical outcomes following surgical intervention, with a success rate of 100%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Surgical treatment for OME has a better clinical outcome as compared to just medical therapy for the same.</p>

Abstract P350: Abnormal VCG and Hi-Res Parameters of P and QRS Complex in Hypertensive Patients Without/with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavomira Filipova ◽  
Anna Vachulova ◽  
Dana Skultetyova ◽  
Peter Hlivak ◽  
Ludovit Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

AIM Today we have not the established and single clinical mode to identifying hypertensive (HT) patients in risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF). Some non-invasive VCG and high-resolution VCG (Hi-Res) for P and QRS loops are available for ECG/VCG measurements in clinical practice via routinely used ECG/VCG equipment (General Electric). It is possible, that especially P wave and P loop values can reflect the abnormal status in atrial myocardium prior the pAF onset. MATERIAL AND METHOD We studied 276 HT patients in sinus rhythm: group I (n=133, without documented pAF), group II (n=129, with well-documented pAF) and group III (n=14, patients after successful radiofrequency ablation for AF or atrial flutter). ECG parameters were evaluated: (1) heart rate in SR; (2) VCG P loop and QRS loop non-filtered/filtered duration: nPd, fPd, nQRSd, fQRSd; (3) other Hi-Res P and QRS parameters: HFLAd, RMS(40)v; (4) angle between axes P-QRS and QRS-T loops; (5) echoCG parameters: LA dimension, LV ejection fraction, width of IVS ad posterior wall. RESULTS In group II a III the non-filtered parameters (nPd, nQRSd) and filtered parameters (fPd, fQRSd) were significantly longer than in group I (for nPd : 135.9 ms, 145.1 ms vs. 129.0 ms, p<0.05; for nQRsd : 104.2 ms, 110.0 ms vs. 99.0 ms, p<0.01; for fPd: 143.0 ms, 154.9 ms vs. 133.0 ms, p<0.005; for fQRSd 119.7 ms, 125.9 ms vs. 113.0 ms, p<0.005). P loop axis analysis is significantly higher in loop II and III vs. group I (+48.2 gr., +53.4 gr. Vs. 48 gr., p<0.01). Angle P-QRS is significantly wider in group II and III vs. group I (38.7 gr., 42.1 gr. Vs. 25.0 gr, p= 0.005. EchoCG parameters were not significantly different (LA dimensions for groups I,II,III: 39.8, 42.7 and 42.0 mm, n.s.; LVEF for groups I,II,III> 59.7, 57.8 and 58.1, ns.). CONCLUSIONS HT patients with verified pAF in documentation have more abnormal P and QRS wave/loop parameters than HT patients without history of pAF. According to our results, the most informative ECG and VCG factors for possible future pAF are: fPd, fQRSd, angle between loop axes P-QRS. ECG/VCG parameters (non-filtered and especially after filtration via to Hi-Res analysis) have potential to improve the risk stratification for possible future pAF.

The Effect of Age on Blunt Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indermeet S. Bhullar ◽  
Eric E. Roberts ◽  
Lianne Brown ◽  
Heidi Lipe
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

An increasing number of super geriatric (age older than 80 years) patients are being hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although geriatric (age older than 65 years) patients have been reported to have a worse functional outcome compared with younger patients who present with the same or less severe degree of TBI; the mortality for the super geriatric (age older than 80 years) remains to be determined. Knowledge of their hospital mortality may help improve clinical decision-making protocols and resource use. A retrospective chart review of patients who sustained TBI after blunt trauma was performed over a 3-year period (June 2005 to June 2008) at a Level II trauma center. Mortality was calculated for various age groupings and data analyzed using analysis of variance test and χ2 test. We hypothesized that mortality would increase significantly with increasing age from the geriatric to the super geriatric group. A total of 2369 patients were evaluated with 744 pediatric patients in Group I (age younger than 17 years), 1297 adult patients in Group II (age 17-64 years), 185 geriatric patients in Group III (age 65-80 years), and 143 super geriatric patients in Group IV (age older than 80 years). The respective mortalities for each group were as follows: Group I (6%), Group II (9%), Group III (21%), and Group IV (6%). There was no significant difference in the Injury Severity Score for the four groups. In comparing Group III with Groups I and II, we found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age as reported in the literature (21 vs 6%, P = 0.01 and 21 vs 9%, P = 0.04). However, in comparing Group IV with the other three groups, there was no significant difference in mortality. There was a trend toward decrease in mortality from age Group III to IV (21 vs 6%, P = 0.09), which is of unclear etiology and warrants further study. In patients with blunt TBI, there is no significant difference in mortality between the super geriatric age group (age older than 80 years) and the younger pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. Resource use therefore should not be limited to patients older than 80 years with TBI.

scholarly journals Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction and Neonatal Thyroid Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulya Ozdemir ◽  
Ipek Akman ◽  
Senay Coskun ◽  
Utku Demirel ◽  
Serap Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Neonatal Thyroid Screening ◽  
Tsh Levels

Aim.To investigate obstetric features of pregnant women with thyroid disorders and thyroid function tests of their newborn infants.Methods.Women with hypothyroidism and having anti-thyroglobulin (ATG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were assigned as group I, women with hypothyroidism who did not have autoantibodies were assigned as group II, and women without thyroid problems were assigned as group III.Results.Pregnant women with autoimmune hypothyroidism (group I) had more preterm delivery and their babies needed more frequent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. In group I, one infant was diagnosed with compensated hypothyroidism and one infant had transient hyperthyrotropinemia. Five infants (23.8%) in group II had thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels >20 mIU/mL. Only two of them had TSH level >7 mIU/L at the 3rd postnatal week, and all had normal free T4 (FT4). Median maternal TSH level of these five infants with TSH >20 mIU/mL was 6.6 mIU/mL. In group III, six infants (6.5%) had TSH levels above >20 mIU/mL at the 1st postnatal week.Conclusion.Infants of mothers with thyroid problems are more likely to have elevated TSH and higher recall rate on neonatal thyroid screening. Women with thyroid disorders and their newborn infants should be followed closely for both obstetrical problems and for thyroid dysfunction.

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