scholarly journals ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
ABDUL REHMAN ABID ◽  
M. Shahid Naveed ◽  
LIAQAT ALI ◽  
Siraj Munir Ahmed Tarin ◽  
M. TAHIR MOHYUDDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Women with acute myocardial infarction have higher in-hospital mortalitythan men mainly due to greater age on presentation. Objective: To evaluate the age specific sex difference in inhospitalmortality of acute myocardial infarction. Design: Descriptive study. Place and duration: Coronary Care Unitand cardiology ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from 15 of th September 2002 till 30th of April 2003. Material & Methods:Four hundred and fifty patients of acute myocardial infarction who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were studied while theywere admitted to the hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to age and sex i.e. Group I (male <45years), Group II (male $45 years), Group III (female <45 years) and Group IV (female $45 years). In-hospital mortalitywas compared between different age groups by Chi-square test. Results: The total in-hospital mortality was76(16.9%).In Group III none of the patients expired. In Group I in-hospital mortality was 6(7.1%) patients followed byGroup II 50(18.3%) patients and Group IV 20(23.3%) patients p<0.019. In-hospital mortality was greater in Group IVthan in any other group. Group IV patients were more frequently diabetic and hypertensive than patients in any othergroup. Group IV patients presented late to the hospital. There was no significant difference in site of myocardialinfarction in different groups. Higher Killip class was observed in Group II and IV p<0.05. Streptokinase injection wasgiven less frequently in Group IV than in any other group p <0.012. Only 34(39.5%) patients in Group IV had nocomplication during hospital stay while more patients in other groups had uneventful hospital stay p<0.001.Conclusion: Female sex is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in older age group as compared to the malepatients of same age group.

scholarly journals ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
ABDUL REHMAN ABID ◽  
M. Shahid Naveed ◽  
LIAQAT ALI ◽  
Siraj Munir Ahmed Tarin ◽  
M. TAHIR MOHYUDDIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Women with acute myocardial infarction have higher in-hospital mortalitythan men mainly due to greater age on presentation. Objective: To evaluate the age specific sex difference in inhospitalmortality of acute myocardial infarction. Design: Descriptive study. Place and duration: Coronary Care Unitand cardiology ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from 15 of th September 2002 till 30th of April 2003. Material & Methods:Four hundred and fifty patients of acute myocardial infarction who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were studied while theywere admitted to the hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to age and sex i.e. Group I (male <45years), Group II (male $45 years), Group III (female <45 years) and Group IV (female $45 years). In-hospital mortalitywas compared between different age groups by Chi-square test. Results: The total in-hospital mortality was76(16.9%).In Group III none of the patients expired. In Group I in-hospital mortality was 6(7.1%) patients followed byGroup II 50(18.3%) patients and Group IV 20(23.3%) patients p<0.019. In-hospital mortality was greater in Group IVthan in any other group. Group IV patients were more frequently diabetic and hypertensive than patients in any othergroup. Group IV patients presented late to the hospital. There was no significant difference in site of myocardialinfarction in different groups. Higher Killip class was observed in Group II and IV p<0.05. Streptokinase injection wasgiven less frequently in Group IV than in any other group p <0.012. Only 34(39.5%) patients in Group IV had nocomplication during hospital stay while more patients in other groups had uneventful hospital stay p<0.001.Conclusion: Female sex is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in older age group as compared to the malepatients of same age group.

The Effect of Age on Blunt Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indermeet S. Bhullar ◽  
Eric E. Roberts ◽  
Lianne Brown ◽  
Heidi Lipe
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

An increasing number of super geriatric (age older than 80 years) patients are being hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although geriatric (age older than 65 years) patients have been reported to have a worse functional outcome compared with younger patients who present with the same or less severe degree of TBI; the mortality for the super geriatric (age older than 80 years) remains to be determined. Knowledge of their hospital mortality may help improve clinical decision-making protocols and resource use. A retrospective chart review of patients who sustained TBI after blunt trauma was performed over a 3-year period (June 2005 to June 2008) at a Level II trauma center. Mortality was calculated for various age groupings and data analyzed using analysis of variance test and χ2 test. We hypothesized that mortality would increase significantly with increasing age from the geriatric to the super geriatric group. A total of 2369 patients were evaluated with 744 pediatric patients in Group I (age younger than 17 years), 1297 adult patients in Group II (age 17-64 years), 185 geriatric patients in Group III (age 65-80 years), and 143 super geriatric patients in Group IV (age older than 80 years). The respective mortalities for each group were as follows: Group I (6%), Group II (9%), Group III (21%), and Group IV (6%). There was no significant difference in the Injury Severity Score for the four groups. In comparing Group III with Groups I and II, we found a significant increase in mortality with increasing age as reported in the literature (21 vs 6%, P = 0.01 and 21 vs 9%, P = 0.04). However, in comparing Group IV with the other three groups, there was no significant difference in mortality. There was a trend toward decrease in mortality from age Group III to IV (21 vs 6%, P = 0.09), which is of unclear etiology and warrants further study. In patients with blunt TBI, there is no significant difference in mortality between the super geriatric age group (age older than 80 years) and the younger pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. Resource use therefore should not be limited to patients older than 80 years with TBI.

scholarly journals Detection and Characterization of Prevotella Intermedia and Its In Vitro Susceptibility to Selected Antimicrobial Agents in Chronic Periodontitis and Acute Myocardial Infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Anumala ◽  
Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti ◽  
Ravindra Reddy Nagireddy
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Periodontal disease has been reported to play a causative role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may add to the various risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Prevotella intermedia – an established periodontal pathogen – in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and AMI patients in order to identify a possible association, and to evaluate the susceptibility of Prevotella intermedia to nine antimicrobial agents. Methods: After undergoing screening for eligibility, a total of 50 subjects were included in the present study. Twenty patients were diagnosed with AMI and generalized chronic periodontitis (Group I), 20 patients were diagnosed with only AMI (Group II), and 10 subjects were healthy controls (Group III). The isolated Prevotella intermedia strains were tested for susceptibility to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, polymyxin, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin using an antibiotic zonescale to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: Periodontal pathogens were identified by phenotypic and enzymatic methods. The mean bacterial load of Prevotella intermedia species was higher in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. It was also found that pencillin G, gentamycin, neomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin inhibited 90% of Prevotella intermedia, whereas bacitracin, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin inhibited 80% of Prevotella intermedia. Thus, only 10% of Prevotella intermedia were resistant to these antibiotics. Conclusion: The present study confirms that Prevotella intermedia is associated with chronic periodontitis and AMI.

scholarly journals Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Sanjay Melville Masih ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Intrathecal Analgesia

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of pain relief, the analgesia onset time, the maximum level of sensory block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 182.4 minutes, in group II was 170.5 minutes, in group III was 200.4 minutes and in group, IV was 140.2 minutes. The onset of analgesia was 3.9 minutes, 2.8 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 4.5 minutes in group I, II, III and IV respectively. S1 sensory regression time (minutes) was 181.4, 157.4, 185.3 and 130.6 in group I, II, III and IV respectively. Modified Bromage scale 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after IT in all groups was 0.0. VAS was 1.3, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.1 with significant differences in all groups (P< 0.05). There was non- significant difference in mean age, weight, height and gestational age between all groups (P> 0.05). There was a non- significant difference in APGAR 1, 5, umbilical pH immediately after delivery, neonatal HR after 5minute, 15 minutes and 30 minutes in all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The authors found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery.

Is there a difference in prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with different stages of hypertension?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S414-S414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mermerelis ◽  
S.M. Kyvelou ◽  
V. Akke ◽  
C. Papageorgiou ◽  
C. Stefanadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

IntroductionWhether anxiety and depression are associated with hypertension and to what extent is not clear.AimsThe aim of the present study was to assess any differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among different groups of hypertensive patients.MethodsThe study cohort comprised of 127 patients (75 male, mean age 54 ± 14) who underwent assessment of their blood pressure levels and were divided in four groups: group I (normotensives, n = 34), group II (stage 1 HTN, n = 33), group III (stage 2 HTN, n = 30) and group IV (stage 3 HTN, n = 30). The evaluation of anxiety disorder was made by means of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), while the evaluation of depression was made with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows. P-value was set at 0.05 for differences to be considered significant.ResultsComparing the four groups of patients there was a significant difference both in BDI (8.6 ± 7.0 vs. 11.6 ± 10.4 vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 vs. 32.4 ± 3.9, P < 0.0001) and HADS (10.2 ± 7.2 vs. 9.7 ± 7.0 vs. 16 ± 4.7 vs. 27 ± 5.1, P < 0.0001). We proceeded to comparison among the 4 groups and there was a significant rise in the BDI and HADS in three of the four groups group II > group III > group IV, P < 0.0001.ConclusionThese data suggest that there is a clear burden of anxiety and depression as the levels of BP increase. This finding is of important clinical significance as it could contribute to a different approach of hypertensive patients. A larger cohort study could enlightened the mechanisms involved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Establishment and Evaluation of Gvhd Mouse Model for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5681-5681
Author(s):  
Mei Xie ◽  
Weihong Chen ◽  
Qiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Xin Du
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objective: To study the feasibility of using cyclophosphamide alone without total body irradiation (TBI) as conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and establish a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mouse model. Methods: Single cell suspension of spleen and bone marrow were prepared from donor C57/BL/6 mice (B6 mice) . The recipient B6D2F1 mice (F1 mice) were signed into 4 groups with 12 mice per each group. Groups I~III mice were conditioned with peritoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m 2/d) on day -5, -4 and -3 of allo-HSCT, and group IV mice were used as control with saline injection. On day 0, group I mice were injected through tail vein with a mixture of 2×107 spleen cells, 5×106 bone marrow cells and 1×104 P815 cells; group II with 5×106 bone marrow cells and 1×104 P815 cells; group III with 1×104 P815 cells and group IV with RPMI1640 culture medium. The blood leukocyte counts were analyzed, GVHD score and the pathological leukemia infiltration of skin, liver and colon were evaluated and compared on day 30 after allo-HSCT. Results: (1) The GVHD scores of group I mice were 2 to 4 on day 14 post allo-HSCT, and mice started to die on day 15, eight (8) mice survived and the GVHD scores of them were 1 to 6 with a survival rate of 66.7% on day 30. Group II mice began to die on day 6 and only one survived on day 30 with a survival rate of 8.3%. All of group III mice died on day 18. Group IV mice survived (Figure 1). (2) The leukocyte counts in group I and group II were significantly increased on day 7 post allo-HSCT(p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in total leukocyte counts between groups I/II and group IV (p<0.05). The leukocyte counts in mice of groups I~III were significantly decreased, and there were a significant difference between group I and groups II/III/IV respectively (p<0.05) on day 14 post allo-HSCT. On day 21 after allo-HSCT, the leukocyte count of Group I and II mice were ≥1×109/L, which means that allo-HSCT were successful. The leukocyte counts in group I mice were again increased on day 28 post allo-HSCT. There was no significant difference between Group I and Group IV (p>0.05). (3) Pathological observation: The cell atrophy and necrosis in the hepatic portal area and slight infiltration of the leukemia cells in central vein were observed in group I recipient mice. The number of hepatocytes of the mice decreased, and the infiltration of the leukemia cells in the liver sinus were observed in group II. The liver was heavily infiltrated by leukemic cells in group III mice. The mouse livers were normal in group IV mice. Conclusion: It is feasible to establish GVHD model of the leukemia mice with cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen of allo-HSCT, and simple to operate. This is less harmful to people, animals and the environment. Discussion: The traditional animal model of GVHD is based on TBI conditioning regimen prior to allo-HSCT. However, the process can lead to systemic adverse reactions such as myelosuppression, radiation gastroenteritis, endocrine disorders and systemic function disorders, etc. in both the operators and animals. Therefore, the radiotherapy doses have to be low. At the same time, it is difficult to establish animal models of GVHD due to the uneven distribution of the doses. Cyclophosphamide was selected for the conditioning regimen of allo-HSCT in the study. Cyclophosphamide had the effect direct on killing tumor cells, induced recipients to tolerate the immune of donors, enabled to implant donor cells into recipients smoothly. The stable chimeras were obtained. There are a large number of T and B lymphocytes in donor's spleen cells. By injecting donor spleen cells and active immune cells derived from proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, the effects of graft-anti-leukemia are availably activated in recipients. Acknowledgments We thank Dr Zhifu Xiang very much for his great helpful revisions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Pooja Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique. Materials and methods In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). Results The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V. Conclusion The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance. How to cite this article Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

scholarly journals Microshear bond strength evaluation of surface pretreated zirconia ceramics bonded to dentin

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenbagakuttalam Anand ◽  
Ambrose Vedamanickam Rajesh Ebenezar ◽  
Nirupa Anand ◽  
Kothandaraman Rajkumar ◽  
Sekar Mahalaxmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Group V ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives: To comparatively assess the micro shear bond strength (MSBS) of dentin bonded surface pre-treated zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: Zirconia blocks were sectioned into 50 cubical blocks. The blocks were further categorized into five groups (n = 10 each). Group I: No treatment was performed on zirconia samples; Group II: The zirconia samples were sand-blasted; Group III: Group II + etched with 9.8% of hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 60 s; Group IV: The sandblasted zirconia samples were selectively infiltrated with low fusing porcelain; and Group V: Group IV + etched using 9.8% HF acid gel. The zirconia specimens were then bonded to dentin samples, and the samples were tested for MSBS evaluation using universal testing machine. Results: The MSBS of all the four experimental groups shows greater value than group I. Among the experimental groups, group V and group IV do not show any statistical significant difference, whereas the mean MSBS of groups IV and V were statistically greater than group III and group II. However, groups I, II, and III do not show any statistical significant difference in mean MSBS values between them. Conclusion: Selective infiltration etching of zirconia ceramics provides the highest bond strength with resin cement.

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigation porotocols on root dentine micro-hardness-An invitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Ashish Choudhary ◽  
Sukhbir Kour ◽  
Azhar Malik
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

IIrrigation solutions used and time of use has a definite effect on the micro hardness & other physical properties of dentin which in turn have direct consequence on the longevity functional performance of root canal treated teeth. To evaluate the effect of different irrigation solutions on micro hardness of root dentin.Forty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used. After instrumentation all the root halves were randomly assigned into 4groups (n=10) and brought in contact with one of the following irrigants for 5 minutes. Group I: 10 ml of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl).Group II: 10 ml of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl.Group III: 10 ml of 5% NaOCl followed by 10 ml of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).Group IV: 10 ml of 5% NaOCL followed by flush of 10 ml distilled water then by 10ml of 2% CHX. Dentin micro hardness was measured at baseline and after treatment to determine the change in micro hardness, using Vickers tester.Data was analyzed using following parametric tests t-test, ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Group II ie final irrigation with EDTA showed the highest percentage decrease in micro hardness values, followed by group III, then group IV and the lowest was group I. All groups showed a significant difference between each other (P &#60; 0.05), except group III and IV. The coronal third showed the highest percentage decrease with significant difference between apical and middle thirds (P &#60; 0.05).EDTA with NaOCl causes greatest changes in dentine micro hardness, an intermediate flush with normal saline should be given for prevention of precipitation with NaOCl & CHX.

scholarly journals Analysis of GABRB3 gene mRNA expression and motor coordination after administration of valerian extracts (Valeriana officinalis) in BALB/c mice

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Erwin Mulyawan ◽  
Muhammad Ramli Ahmad ◽  
Andi Asadul Islam ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mochammad Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Gene Mrna

Background: Valeriana officinalis has often been used to treat sleep disorders as a traditional medicine for 2000 years. The sedative effect of valerian extract is facilitated by the GABAA receptor β3 subunit. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of valerian extract on GABRB3 gene mRNA expression and sedative effect in BALB/c mice. Methods: This is an experimental preclinical study using a posttest-only control group design. A total of 20 BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of five mice each. Group I was given 5 ml of Aqua Dest (distilled water), group II was given 0.025 mg/10 g of diazepam, group III was given 2.5 mg/10 g of valerian extract, and group IV was given 5 mg/10 g of valerian extract. The drugs were administrated for seven days through a gastric gavage. The rotarod test was performed on the seventh day. A blood sample was taken on the first day before drug administration and after the rotarod test on the seventh day to be analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: GABRB3 gene mRNA expression showed a significant increase in groups II, III, and IV (p <0.0001). There was significant difference between group III and IV. The examination of motor coordination (rotarod test) showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between group I and group II, between group I and group III, and between group I and group IV. There was no significant difference between group II and both groups III and IV. Conclusions: GABRB3 gene mRNA expression was significantly increased after the administration of valerian extract. Based on the rotarod test, valerian extract and diazepam had a clinically similar sedation effect. A higher dose of valerian extract does not yield a higher level of GABRB3 gene mRNA expression nor sedative effects.

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