THE INFLUENCE OF AGE ON PERFORMANCE AS SHOWN BY EXERCISE TESTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Distance Runner ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Harvard School

THE STUDY of work performance as related to age began in this country when Sid Robinson joined the group at the Fatigue Laboratory of the Harvard School of Business Administration. In the winter of 1936-7, he persuaded five champion milers who were in Boston for indoor meets to run on the Laboratory's treadmill on week-ends. Simultaneously, he was chiefly engaged in studying treadmill performance as related to age. This was the subject of his doctorate thesis published later under the title: "Experimental Studies of Physical Fitness as Related to Age". The 91 subjects ranged in age from boys 6 years of age to one man of 91. There were eight 6-year-olds, 10 between 8 and 13 and 20 between 48 and 76. Robinson's background as an Olympic middle-distance runner and as an assistant track coach at Indiana University gave him skill in dealing with the many diverse problems that confronted him. Often he was faced with sociological-psychological problems more difficult to solve than the physiological problems. Indicative of his success is the fact that the subjects were volunteers—no money was offered as an inducement to come to the laboratory. Also worthy of note is that there was no untoward incident throughout the study. Robinson's plan included respiratory, circulatory and metabolic observations in the basal state and in two grades of exercise. He describes the work experiments as follows: (pp. 251-3, reference 2) "After the above observations were completed, the subject performed two grades of work on a motor-driven treadmill, set at an angle of 8.6% in all experiments. Each subject below 73 years of age first walked at 5.6 km per hour for 15 minutes; this raises the oxygen consumption 7 or 8 times the basal level. After resting 10 minutes, he ran or in some cases, walked, at a rate which exhausted him in 2 to 5 minutes.

scholarly journals The Needs for Developing Experiments on Reservoirs in Hantavirus Research: Accomplishments, Challenges and Promises for the Future

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madrières ◽  
Castel ◽  
Murri ◽  
Vulin ◽  
Marianneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Due to their large geographic distribution and potential high mortality rates in human infections, hantaviruses constitute a worldwide threat to public health. As such, they have been the subject of a large array of clinical, virological and eco-evolutionary studies. Many experiments have been conducted in vitro or on animal models to identify the mechanisms leading to pathogenesis in humans and to develop treatments of hantavirus diseases. Experimental research has also been dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoirs. However, these studies remain too scarce considering the diversity of hantavirus/reservoir pairs identified, and the wide range of issues that need to be addressed. In this review, we present a synthesis of the experimental studies that have been conducted on hantaviruses and their reservoirs. We aim at summarizing the knowledge gathered from this research, and to emphasize the gaps that need to be filled. Despite the many difficulties encountered to carry hantavirus experiments, we advocate for the need of such studies in the future, at the interface of evolutionary ecology and virology. They are critical to address emerging areas of research, including hantavirus evolution and the epidemiological consequences of individual variation in infection outcomes.

scholarly journals II. On the spectra of metalloids— Spectrum of Oxygen

1879 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vacuum Tube ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Nearly Continuous

The many unexplained phenomena attending the passage of electricity through gases will probably for some time to come occupy the attention of experimental physicists. It is desirable that the subject should be approached from as many different sides as possible. One of our most powerful instruments of research is the spectroscope; but before it can be applied to the study in question, we have to settle the chemical origin of the different spectra which we observe in tubes, and to discuss in what way such spectra are liable to change under different circumstances. A special investigation has to be made for each gas; we have to study the effect of various impurities, the influence of the electrodes and that of the glass, which in the tubes generally used is considerably heated up by the spark. To make the investigation complete we have to vary as much as possible the pressure, the bore of the vacuum tube, and the strength of the spark. I have chosen Oxygen as a first subject of investigation. Though Plücker and Wüllner have, as far as their experiments went, accurately described the phenomena seen in oxygen tubes, the following paper contains much that is new, and will put some of the older facts on a firmer basis. When I first began to work, it was my intention to take the gases in groups, and to study their mixture; but as the following investigation has taken me a year’s nearly continuous work, and is complete in itself, I trust it will not be found unworthy of publication. I must, of course, at present confine myself to the purely spectroscopic point of view. As several of the observations which I shall have to record bear directly on the general theory of double spectra, I must briefly refer to our knowledge on that point.

“Western” Histories of World Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-551
Author(s):  
Matthias Buschmeier
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Western Historiography

Abstract This article reviews attempts to define histories of world literature during the late 19th and first half of the 20th century. It submits that “World Literature” and national philology are two sides of the same coin, in that they serve to produce specific national identities and legitimize colonial hegemonic practices. Astonishingly, some patterns of these early histories of world literature can still be observed in contemporary theoretical debates on the subject. Thus, it is argued that, rather than dismissing this heritage of Western historiography (with or without condemnation), we should strive seriously to come up with alternative histories, wherein “West” is no longer treated as synonymous with “world,” and vice versa. The West should be seen as just one form of society and culture among the many others, all of which are due consideration when invoking the term “world.”

III. On the spectra of metalloids. Spectrum of oxygen

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Solid Bodies ◽  
Fixed Period

The many unexplained phenomena attending the passage of electricity through gases will probably for some time to come occupy the attention of experimental physicists. It is desirable that the subject should be approached from as many different sides as possible. One of our most powerful instruments of research is the spectroscope, but before it can be applied to the study in question we have to settle the chemical origin of the different spectra, which we observe in vacuum tubes, and to discuss in what way such spectra are liable to change under different circumstances. A special investigation has to be made for each gas; we have to study the effect of various impurities, the influence of the electrodes, and that of the glass which in the tubes generally used is considerably heated up by the spark. I have chosen oxygen as a first subject of investigation. Though Plücker and Wüllner have, as far as their experiments went, accurately described the phenomena seen in oxygen tubes, the following contains much that is new, and will put some of the older facts on a firmer basis. As some of the facts brought to light by the investigation bear directly on the question of double spectra, our knowledge on that point must be briefly referred to. We divide all known spectra into three orders. Continuous spectra, channelled space spectra, and line spectra. With regard to continuous spectra, it is shown that the older statement which limited them to liquid and solid bodies is no longer tenable. Most gases give continuous spectra long before they condense. Two theories of continuous spectra are noticed. The one considers that the vibrations of a molecule always tend to take place in a fixed period, but that the impacts of other molecules may, when the pressure is great or in liquid and solid bodies, prevent complete oscillations taking place, and thus produce a continuous spectrum. The other theory considers that, when a gas condenses, molecular combinations take place, which make the molecular structure more complicated, and may produce channelled space spectra or continuous spectra. According to the latter theory such molecular combinations are possible before the gas condenses, and thus the state of aggregation of the gas only indirectly affects the spectrum. The latter theory seems to be more consistent with experiment than the former one. For instance, it is shown that oxygen gives a continuous spectrum at the lowest temperature at which it is luminous. If the temperature be raised, the continuous spectrum is replaced by a line spectrum. This seems to be inexplicable by theory of molecular impacts.

Quiet Rebellion: Emmy Hennings and the Politics of Subversion

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Terry Marcrum II
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

Amidst the clamor and upheaval of World War I, Zurich proved to be fertile ground for a blossoming literary and artistic movement dedicated to the eradication of the social, political, and creative norms which allowed the war to come about, through a campaign of abstraction and reduction into Nichtigkeit (Nothingness). This was Dada. The means by which this campaign was made operational were varied, as were the many artists and writers who placed themselves on the front lines. One such artist, Emmy Hennings, has, in recent years, become the subject of increased examination and debate, due to her problematic and twice-marginalized position as both a woman and a liberated avant-garde within a still-repressive Wilhelmine society. Under intense scrutiny is the question of whether Hennings served as a leader of the Zurich Dada movement, or as a passive follower, operating under her husband’s able direction; whether she used the Dada movement as a platform on which to voice her contrary opinions or simply as an outlet for politically and socially indifferent self-expression, as some modern scholars contend.

DAVID SHANKLAND, Islam and Society in Turkey (Hemingford Grey, U.K.: Eothen Press, 1999). Pp. 250. $55.00 cloth.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-650
Author(s):  
Jenny B. White
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
New Material ◽  
Interesting Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book serves two important functions. First, it gives a comprehensive overview of the many varieties of Islamic practice and organization in contemporary Turkey and sets these into the larger national context. Second, the author shares important insights into the manner in which the culture of the political process leads inevitably to certain kinds of accommodation with religion. The survey of Turkey's religious brotherhoods, associations, and political parties, while brief, is comprehensive without being superficial. Enough history, ideology, organization, and telling details are given for each to come alive in the larger context of Turkey's complex intersection of culture and political history. The book comes alive in the description of the Alevi, a religious minority that has been the subject of the author's own research for many years. There also is a particularly interesting discussion of the presentation of Islam in children's schoolbooks and the relationship of Islamic values to moral behavior and love for the nation. Although this is not new material, it is set within a larger discussion.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

‘More, I prithee, more’: Melancholy, Musical Appetite and Medical Discourse in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Iselin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Twelfth Night ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
Musical Event ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

Pierre Iselin broaches the subject of early modern music and aims at contextualising Twelfth Night, one of Shakespeare’s most musical comedies, within the polyphony of discourses—medical, political, poetic, religious and otherwise—on appetite, music and melancholy, which circulated in early modern England. Iselin examines how these discourses interact with what the play says on music in the many commentaries contained in the dramatic text, and what music itself says in terms of the play’s poetics. Its abundant music is considered not only as ‘incidental,’ but as a sort of meta-commentary on the drama and the limits of comedy. Pinned against contemporary contexts, Twelfth Night is therefore regarded as experimenting with an aural perspective and as a play in which the genre and mode of the song, the identity and status of the addressee, and the more or less ironical distance that separates them, constantly interfere. Eventually, the author sees in this dark comedy framed by an initial and a final musical event a dramatic piece punctuated, orchestrated and eroticized by music, whose complex effects work both on the onstage and the offstage audiences. This reflection on listening and reception seems to herald an acoustic aesthetics close to that of The Tempest.

Book Review: Writing for Academic Journals Second Edition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Asrifan ◽  
Abd Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Writing For Publication ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

Anyone who wants to get ahead in academic or professional life today knows that it’s a question of publish or perish. This applies to colleges, universities, and even hospital Trusts. Yet writing for publication is one of the many skills which isn’t formally taught. Once beyond undergraduate level, it’s normally assumed that you will pick up the necessary skills as you go along.Writing for Academic Journalsseeks to rectify this omission. Rowena Murray is an experienced writer on the subject (author of How to Write a Thesis and How to Survive Your Viva) and she is well aware of the time pressures people are under in their professional lives. What she has to say should be encouraging for those people in ‘new’ universities, people working in disciplines which have only recently been considered academic, and those in professions such as the health service which are under pressure to become more academic.

ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC EDUCATION AND MUSICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY OF A SPECIALIST’S TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
P. V. Menshikov ◽  
G. K. Kassymova ◽  
R. R. Gasanova ◽  
Y. V. Zaichikov ◽  
V. A. Berezovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Practice ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Special Meaning

A special role in the development of a pianist as a musician, composer and performer, as shown by the examples of the well-known, included in the history of art, and the most ordinary pianists, their listeners and admirers, lovers of piano music and music in general, are played by moments associated with psychotherapeutic abilities and music features. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the psychotherapeutic aspects of performing activities (using pianists as an example). The research method is a theoretical analysis of the psychotherapeutic aspects of performing activities: the study of the possibilities and functions of musical psychotherapy in the life of a musician as a “(self) psychotherapist” and “patient”. For almost any person, music acts as a way of self-understanding and understanding of the world, a way of self-realization, rethinking and overcoming life's difficulties - internal and external "blockages" of development, a way of saturating life with universal meanings, including a person in the richness of his native culture and universal culture as a whole. Art and, above all, its metaphorical nature help to bring out and realize internal experiences, provide an opportunity to look at one’s own experiences, problems and injuries from another perspective, to see a different meaning in them. In essence, we are talking about art therapy, including the art of writing and performing music - musical psychotherapy. However, for a musician, music has a special meaning, special significance. Musician - produces music, and, therefore, is not only an “object”, but also the subject of musical psychotherapy. The musician’s training includes preparing him as an individual and as a professional to perform functions that can be called psychotherapeutic: in the works of the most famous performers, as well as in the work of ordinary teachers, psychotherapeutic moments sometimes become key. Piano music and performance practice sets a certain “viewing angle” of life, and, in the case of traumatic experiences, a new way of understanding a difficult, traumatic and continuing to excite a person event, changing his attitude towards him. It helps to see something that was hidden in the hustle and bustle of everyday life or in the patterns of relationships familiar to a given culture. At the same time, while playing music or learning to play music, a person teaches to see the hidden and understand the many secrets of the human soul, the relationships of people.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document