THE SPIDER NEVUS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
James E. Wenzl ◽  
E. Omer Burgert
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Spider Nevus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Normal Controls

At the Mayo Clinic 711 children, ranging in age from birth to 15 years, were examined for the presence of spider nevi. The children were divided into three groups: normal controls, patients with chronic illness and patients with disease of the central nervous system. In the normal children, the incidence of spider nevi increased rapidly after 2 years of age to reach a plateau at about the time of puberty for both sexes. In children more than 13 years of age the incidence appeared to be decreasing, presumably toward the stated incidence of 12 to 15% in so-called normal adults. In normal children, spider nevi appeared to occur more frequently in pubertal females than in pubertal males. The incidence was increased in both sexes in patients more than 4 years of age with disease of the central nervous system. In patients with chronic illnesses, there was no significant increase in spider nevi, but the ratio of pubertal females to pubertal males was reversed. The anatomic distribution in all groups differed from that of adults, the dorsum of the hands and forearms being the sites of predilection in children. In view of the frequency of these lesions in childhood, it appears that the presence of spider nevi in otherwise healthy children is an insignificant stigma.

NEUROLOGIC DISEASES IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-957
Author(s):  
William A. Hawke ◽  
John S. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

THE SEMINAR was conducted in four 3-hour sessions and aimed to cover the more important features of pediatric neurology. DEVELOPMENT Dr. Hawke reviewed the normal development of the central nervous system in the infant and child which is so important in the assessment of neurologic disorders in this age group. It was noted that the nervous system was particularly immature and changing rapidly in the first 2 years of life. Development was related to myelination and it was emphasized that this was not a steady process but a pattern of sequences of rapid and slow growth. Motor and sensory development appeared to develop from above and to proceed downward, so that eye-control develops before hand- and legcontrol. Development was related to three functioning levels of the central nervous system—the brain stem, the archipallium, and the neopallium. It was observed that the newborn baby functioned at the brain stem level, and to illustrate this an example was given of the hydranencephalic baby which behaves perfectly normally for the first few weeks of life. The anchipallium, which includes part of the temporal lobe, the cingulate gyrus and basal ganglia, supervenes on the brain stem and may be considered responsible for the basic emotions and some primitive motor and sensory control. The neopallium, which includes most of the cerebral hemisphere, becomes dominant in primates. Its function is intellectual rather than emotional and is responsible for skills, discrimination and fine movements. The clinical application of these developmental patterns are innumerable but illustrations were given of changes in physical signs in static brain lesions.

Relation of insulin resistance to neurocognitive function and electroencephalography in obese children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Akın ◽  
İbrahim Eker ◽  
Mutluay Arslan ◽  
Süleyman Tolga Yavuz ◽  
Sevil Akman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:Childhood obesity may lead to neuronal impairment in both the peripheral and the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) on the central nervous system and neurocognitive functions in children.Methods:Seventy-three obese children (38 male and 35 female) and 42 healthy children (21 male and 21 female) were recruited. Standard biochemical indices and IR were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and electroencephalography (EEG) were administered to all participants. The obese participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of IR, and the data were compared between the subgroups.Results:Only verbal scores on the WISC-R in the IR+ group were significantly lower than those of the control and IR– groups. There were no differences between the groups with respect to other parameters of the WISC-R or the EEG. Verbal scores of the WISC-R were negatively correlated with obesity duration and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. EEGs showed significantly more frequent ‘slowing during hyperventilation’ (SDHs) in obese children than non-obese children.Conclusions:Neurocognitive functions, particularly verbal abilities, were impaired in obese children with IR. An early examination of cognitive functions may help identify and correct such abnormalities in obese children.

Dystrophin and dystrophin-related protein in the central nervous system of normal controls and Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Uchino ◽  
Hitoo Teramoto ◽  
Hiroaki Naoe ◽  
Teruhisa Miike ◽  
Kowashi Yoshioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Normal Controls

scholarly journals Childhood Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Treatable Cause of Super-refractory Status Epilepticus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Michelle Chiu ◽  
Anita Datta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (cPACNS) is a rare inflammatory disease of brain vessels. The small vessel subtype is diagnosed on brain biopsy and often presents with cognitive and behavioral changes, headaches, and seizures. However, there are few reported cases of super-refractory status epilepticus in children. We present a case of small vessel cPACNS complicated by super-refractory status epilepticus requiring burst suppression for 4 weeks in addition to multiple antiseizure medications and the ketogenic diet. Our patient was also treated with intravenous and oral steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide before starting maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. After prolonged rehabilitation, he recovered almost completely and has a normal neurologic examination with rare epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram (EEG). This is one of the longest cases of status epilepticus in small vessel cPACNS in the literature. We illustrate that super-refractory status epilepticus can be the first manifestation of small vessel cPACNS in previously healthy children and that symptomatic management of seizures with concurrent immunosuppression to treat the underlying pathology resulted in favorable neurologic outcomes.

Population screening for association of mitochondrial haplogroups BM, J, K and M with multiple sclerosis: interrelation between haplogroup J and MS in Persian patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Houshmand ◽  
M H Sanati ◽  
F Babrzadeh ◽  
A Ardalan ◽  
M Teimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplogroups ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunological inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is chronically observed in young adults. On the basis of earlier studies, potential relatedness between MS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations was postulated. Materials and methods: 246 individuals were screened using the PCR-RFLP method, including 70 MS patients examined for mitochondrial haplogroups BM, J, K and M and 176, 149 and 70 normal controls examined for haplogroups BM and M, J and K, respectively. Results and discussion: Our analysis revealed a relatively high proportion of haplogroup BM in MS patients (∼26%) compared to normal controls (∼13%). In addition, a slightly significant increase of MS patients of haplogroup J (20% in MS patients versus 9.39% in normal controls at P-0.049), while haplogroups M and K did not show contribution to MS contingency (2.85 and 2.27%, respectively at P-1.000 in haplogroup M and 12.85 and 7.14% respectively at P-0.399 in haplogroup K).

scholarly journals Clinical, Cognitive and Behavioural Assessment in Children with Cerebellar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Stefano D’Arrigo ◽  
Carmela Loiacono ◽  
Claudia Ciaccio ◽  
Chiara Pantaleoni ◽  
Flavia Faccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebellar Disorders

Cerebellar disorders are characterised clinically by specific signs and symptoms, often associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. While the clinical signs of cerebellar disorders are clearly recognisable in adults and have a precise anatomo-functional correlation, in children the semiotics are less clear and vary with age because of the particular nature of the cerebellum’s maturation. Unlike other structures of the central nervous system, this begins at a later stage of foetal development and extends over a longer period of time, even after birth. As a result, the typical signs of cerebellar dysfunction will only become evident when the cerebellar functions have become integrated into the complex circuits of the central nervous system. This means that poor motor coordination in the very early years of life may not necessarily correlate with cerebellar dysfunction, and this may also be encountered in healthy children. The cerebellum’s role in cognitive and emotional functions relies on its structure and the complexity of its connections. Cognitive and behavioral impairment in cerebellar disorders can be the results of acquired lesions or the action of genetic and environmental risk factors, to which the cerebellum is particularly vulnerable considering its pattern of development. In the pathological setting, early evidence of cerebellar damage may be very vague, due, partly, to spontaneous compensation phenomena and the vicarious role of the connecting structures (an expression of the brain’s plasticity). Careful clinical assessment will nonetheless enable appropriate instrumental procedures to be arranged. It is common knowledge that the contribution of neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosis of cerebellar conditions, and neurophysiological investigations can also have a significant role. The ultimate goal of clinicians is to combine clinical data and instrumental findings to formulate a precise diagnostic hypothesis, and thus request a specific genetic test in order to confirm their findings, wherever possible.

scholarly journals Effects of Pregnancy Anesthesia on Fetal Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyue Li ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

The effects of general anesthesia on the developing brain remain a great concern in the medical field and even in the public, and most researches in this area focus on infancy and childhood. In recent years, with the continuous development of medical technology, the number of operations during pregnancy is increasing, however, studies on general anesthesia during pregnancy are relatively lacking. The mid-trimester of pregnancy is a critical period, and is regarded as a safe period for surgery, but it is a fragile period for the development of the central nervous system and is particularly sensitive to the impact of the environment. Our research group found that general anesthesia may have adverse effects on fetal neurodevelopment during the mid-trimester. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the characteristics of anesthesia during pregnancy, and the related research of the anesthesia’s impacts on the development of central nervous system were introduced.

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