The Scratch of the Newborn

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Author(s):  
C. E. Schorer
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Neonates

For a number of years, I have been interested in newborn infants who scratch themselves. About 20% of normal neonates do this, usually on one cheek or the other, until spontaneous cessation at a mean age of 4 months. In my observations, I have found significant correlation between such scratching, low parity of the mother, and full-term gestation. The nonscratchers had significantly shorter gestation and their mothers greater multiparity. On follow-up 1 year later, after periodic checks, the only significant difference between 26 scratchers and their matched controls was the greater incidence of skin disorders (mostly atopic dermatitis) in the former group.

Effectiveness of Virtual Resilience Training on Assertiveness in Student Girls Aged 9–10 Years: A 1-Month Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110135
Author(s):  
Shima Gadari ◽  
Jamile Farokhzadian ◽  
Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resilience Training

Girls between the ages of 9 and 10 begin to experience physical, physiological, and hormonal changes that may lead to internal stress. At this age, children are struggling for autonomy; on the other hand, they may experience emotional instability, and for these reasons, they may be vulnerable in many ways. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience training on assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in the control ( n = 40) and intervention ( n = 37) groups. There was a significant difference between the assertiveness of the intervention immediately (26.80 ± 3.73) and 1 month after the intervention (27.05 ± 3.73), and assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group ( p = .0001). Resilience training leads to improvements in assertiveness in student girls aged 9–10.

The effect of displacement of the esophagus by transoesophageal echocardiography probe in cryoablation of atiral fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sun ◽  
X.M Yin ◽  
L.J Gao ◽  
X.J Xiao ◽  
X.H Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Mechanical Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Esophageal injury caused by cryoballoon-based PVI is common. Cryoablation guided by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for occlusion of the pulmonary vein (PV) is safe and effective. Objective To investigate the protective effect of mechanical displacement of the esophagus by TEE probe in cryoablation of atiral fibrillation. Methods Fifty patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) were enrolled in the present study. 25 patients underwent cryoablation without TEE (non-TEE group) and the other 25 underwent with TEE (TEE group) for PV occlusion guidance and displacement of the esophagus. In the TEE group during the procedure, TEE was used to guide the movement of the balloon to achieve PV occlusion. And before freezing, the probe of the TEE was moved to displace the esophagus away from the PV being freezed in order to reduce the risk of cryoinjury. All patients underwent esophagogastroscopy within 2 days of the procedure. The patients were followed up in our center at regularly scheduled visits every 2 months. Results There was no significant difference between the TEE group and non-TEE group in regard to the procedure time. The fluoroscopy time in the TEE group was less compared to the non-TEE group (4.1±3.3 min vs. 16.6±6.9 min, P<0.05), and the amount of contrast agent in the TEE group was less than the non-TEE group (4.7±5.7ml vs. 17.9±3.4 ml, P<0.05). The incidence of esophageal injury was significantly lower in TEE group compared with non-TEE group (0 vs. 20%, P<0.05). At a mean of 14.0 months follow-up, success rates were similar between the TEE group and non-TEE group (80.0% vs. 84.0%, P=0.80). Conclusion Cryoablation of AF with TEE for protecting the esophagus from cryoinjury is safe and effective. Lower risk of esophageal injury can be achieved with the help of TEE probe movement for mechanical displacement of the esophagus during freezing. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

A two different chemoprophylaxis approaches after phacoemulsification surgery in one thousand patients in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Suzan Amana Rattan ◽  
◽  
Mahir Kadhim Mutashar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Topical Medication ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Age Range

AIM: To evaluate the effectivity of the combination of intracameral moxifloxacin 0.1% with subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg as prophylaxis of infection and inflammation after phacoemulsification in comparison with topical medication treated group. METHODS: A total one thousand patients with age range from 38 to 70 years old who scheduled for phacoemulsification were divided into 2 groups of no statistically significant differences in age, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and central macular thickness (CMT), P=0.6, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively. The surgeries were done by 2 surgeons each one planned to use one method of prophylaxis at Eye Speciality Private hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. For the 1st group of patients (500) a topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride 0.5% and dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops were prescribed four times a day for 1mo postoperatively. For the 2nd group intracameral (IC) diluted moxifloxacin at 0.1% with subconjunctival (SC) triamcinolone 4mg in 0.4 cc were administered at the conclusion of the surgery. Follow up visits were on the first postoperative day, 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo postoperatively. Anterior chamber (AC) reaction was examined during the 4 visits while IOP was measured during the last 3 and CMT was measured only in the last one. RESULTS: The current clinical trial study compared 2 samples with 2 different prophylaxis methods. No endophthalmitis case reported in both group. By a 2-Sample t-test, the IC-treated group (group 2) had statistically significant lower AC cells at the 1st day postoperative visit than the other group while there were no statistically significant differences at 1wk, 1 mo and 3mo visits between the 2 groups. There was no statistically significant difference at 3mo visits in IOP and CMT between the two groups. A breakthrough inflammation rate with the topical medication was (9.6%) while in the other group (IC treated ) was 4.0%. A significant IOP elevation ≥10 mm Hg at 1mo in 2.4% within the topical medication group which was higher than the rate in the other group (0.8%). CONCLUSION: In addition to the safety and effectivity of the combination of intracameral moxifloxacin and subconjunctival triamcinolone in preventing infection and inflammation after cataract surgery. The majority (480) of our included patients didn’t require any topical postoperative medication that is cost saving for the patient, helped patients who were unable to administer topical medication, and decreased chance of complication related to patient poor adherence to postoperative medication.

scholarly journals Prematurity Stereotyping: Absence of Evidence (DRAFT 1.DEC2015)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ansarinia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Statistical Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absence Of Evidence

Forty-seven participants attended an experiment to rate two infants according to their perceived behavior. Half of participants rated in a setting where one infant identified with prematurely born (PL) and the other with full-term birth (FTL). The rest rated with the same configuration, except those labels were swapped for the infants. Results showed not significant difference between PL and FTL for perceived strength, alertness, and physical size. But participants rated FTL infants more positively for motor coordination. Moreover, statistical interaction between two infants when they are presented simultaneously was found and further studies seem necessary to investigate interactions more. A new experimental design to study attitudes via ultimatum game is proposed. In general, previous findings of prematurity stereotyping is replicated partially, but it does not count as an evidence for the rejection of the prematurity stereotyping hypotheses.

scholarly journals MO377HOW THE ITALIAN COVID-19 LOCKDOWN AFFECTED NEFROLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN A LOMBARD CENTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Albrizio ◽  
Silvano Costa ◽  
Annalisa Foschi ◽  
Ivo Angelo Antonio Milani ◽  
Stefano Rindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background and Aims Italy and Lombard hospitals particularly, were hard affected by Covid-19 pandemic, mostly during spring and autumn, seasons characterized by two lockdown periods which were however, partly different as rules. During first lockdown in fact, by hospital decision, all ambulatorial activity was closed, including nephrological one. This did not happen during second lockdown period. How the different choices about hospital activity affected nephrological patients is the aim of this study. Method we evaluated all nephrological advices requested by first aid units of our 3 hospitals, all located in Lombardy, to our Nephrology Unit, splitting out data in 3 periods (I lockdown, summer and II lockdown) and comparing with 2019. Data collected were: number of advices requested by day, age, sex, previous regular nephrological follow-up, Covid-19 diagnosis, nephrological diagnosis after nephrological advice and outcome. Results as shown in table 1, during I lockdown period, with hospital decision of suspending our nephrological ambulatorial activity, we suffered an incremented rate of patients approaching local first aid units compared to 2019 same period with an increased rate of acute kidney injury, mostly for dehydration, and with a higher rate of patients requiring hospitalization. All these differences resulted statistically significant vs 2019 same period (figure 1). On the other side, no statically significant difference was found during the other two examined periods, including the II lockdown, while all our ambulatories were fully operating. Conclusion Covid-19 pandemic affected also the nephrological population with an increased rate of first aid units’ accesses, acute kidney injury events and hospitalization comparing to 2019. However, these differences were detectable only during the I lockdown period characterized by the suspension of all ambulatorial activity, including our Unit. The absence of statistically significant differences during summer and primarily during II lockdown period demonstrates the importance of nephrological ambulatorial activity in management of renal diseases and in prevention of acute events.

scholarly journals Comparison between Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4966
Author(s):  
Swati Gett ◽  
Shruti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is a condition that affects nearly every woman at some point in her life. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in such patients.Methods: This prospective study was done on 100 women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, of 20-50 years of age, who were ready for follow-up and were allocated into two equal groups, one was given Ormeloxifene and the other was given Norethisterone for a period of 3 months. Haemoglobin levels, endometrial thickness on ultrasound and Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) scores were assessed before and after the treatment.Results: It was found that both Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone reduced menorrhagia, with a significant difference in PBAC scores (p value <0.05). There was a notable reduction in PBAC scores in Ormeloxifene group (66.53% change from pretreatment mean value) as compared to Norethisterone group (31.38% change from pretreatment mean value); and same holds true for the change in haemoglobin levels as well as endometrial thickness. Ormeloxifene was found to have a greater effect on heavy menstrual bleeding in comparison to Norethisterone.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene is a new modality and is found to be a better option in reducing menorrhagia in DUB in respect to a greater success rate, better compliance and cost effectiveness.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding skills of full-term newborns and associated factors in a low-and-middle-income setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2670-2678
Author(s):  
Esedra E Krüger ◽  
Alta AM Kritzinger ◽  
Lidia L Pottas
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Background: Normative information on the breastfeeding of term newborns may guide clinicians in early identification of breastfeeding difficulties and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), and may support optimal breastfeeding practices. Objective: To describe breastfeeding skills of term newborn infants in a South African hospital, a lower-middle-income setting, and investigate associations between infants’ feeding and other factors.Method: One breastfeeding session of each of the 71 healthy newborn full-term infants (mean chronological age=1.9 days; mean gestation=39.1 weeks) was evaluated using the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS), suitable for use with term newborns.Results: All participants were exclusively breastfed. Thirteen participants (18%) were HIV-exposed. There was no significant difference in the findings of the PIBBS between HIV-exposed and unexposed participants. Most newborns had obvious rooting, latched deeply onto the nipple and some of the areola, had repeated long sucking bursts (mean length=16.82 sucks/burst), and swallowed repeatedly. Most participants were in either the drowsy or quiet-alert state, which are optimal behavioural states for breastfeeding. One to two-hourly on-demand feeds was significantly associated with mothers who had normal births and did not use galactogogues to promote lactation.Conclusion: Results may be used for early identification of OPD in newborns. The findings may be useful to primary care clinicians.Keywords: Full-term, newborn, breastfeeding, feeding skills, feeding characteristics, normative data.

BRACHIAL PLEXUS PALSY IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Gloria D. Eng
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Optimum Treatment ◽  
Growth Dislocation ◽  
Brachial Plexus Paralysis

Experience in the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of residua of brachial plexus paralysis in 25 infants is presented. Associated defects substantiate the traumatic nature of the deliveries. The electromyogram proved a valuable tool in the exact delineation of the pathology and in determination of prognosis. Early optimum treatment prevented atrophy and contractures. Of the 20 babies with adequate follow-up, approximately ⅓ recovered by 6 months with minimal deficit, over ½ recovered by 1 year with moderate residua to include persistent weakness, delay in bone growth, dislocation, and peculiar posturing of the arm; and the other three infants showed significant handicaps.

Relationship between Higher Order Aberrations and Astigmatism in Hyperopic Amblyopia

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Sh. A. Mukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decrease In Visual Acuity

Aim. To study the dynamics of changes in the values of higher order aberrations in amblyopia treatment and the correlation between higher-order aberrations and astigmatism in patients with hyperopic amblyopia.Methods. This cohort prospective study included 36 patients (36 eyes) with refractive amblyopia aged 4 to 16 years. All patients had anisometropia: emmetropia in one eye and hyperopic astigmatism combined with refractive amblyopia of varying degrees in the other eye. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the degree of astigmatism. Astigmatism greater than 1.5 D was detected in 20 patients (55.5%) and astigmatism less than 1.5 D was detected in 16 patients (44.5%). All patients underwent a complex treatment, including twenty half-hour sessions of videocomputer autotraining using “Amblyotron” device during 20 days, in addition to constant wearing of glasses. Higher order aberrations were measured using the WaveScan Wavefront System aberrometer at the first visit and at 3-, 6 - and 12-month follow-up. A correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between higher order aberrations and astigmatism.Results. There was a statistically significant difference in treatment success between groups with high and low astigmatism. In both groups, higher order aberrations were reduced during the treatment of amblyopia. When comparing the two groups, a significant difference in coma was found at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.043). At 12-month follow-up, coma showed a statistically significant correlation with astigmatism, and a stronger correlation with astigmatism was found in the group of patients with high astigmatism.Conclusions. In patients with refractive amblyopia associated with astigmatism, the decrease in visual acuity is directly dependent on the values of higher-order aberrations, especially on the values of coma, which should be considered as the cause of the development of amblyopia.

scholarly journals Short-term skin problems in infants aged 0–3 months affect food allergies or atopic dermatitis until 2 years of age, among infants of the general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Yonezawa ◽  
Megumi Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Skin Problem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background This study examined whether infants aged 0–3 months exhibited long-term effects of using a moisturizer skincare intervention and whether a short-term skin problem resulted in the subsequent development of food allergies or atopic dermatitis (AD) until the age of 2 years. Methods This study was a follow-up of a completed randomized control trial (RCT) of moisturizer skincare for infants aged 0–3 months. A self-reported questionnaire was mailed to the parents of children aged 1–2 years who had participated in the RCT. Data were analyzed using a Chi square test, by intention to treat analysis, and by multiple logistic regression. Results Of 155 infants, 22 (14.2%) and 28 (18.1%) had food allergies and AD/eczema until 2 years of age, respectively. No significant difference was seen in food allergies or AD between the group that received moisturizer skincare intervention and the control group. On the contrary, food allergies until 2 years of age were significantly associated with short-term (4–7 days) and long-term (more than 7 days) body skin problems occurring in the first 3 months of life, a family history of AD, and the time of starting complementary food. High value of face transepidermal water loss at 3 months of age was also associated with food allergies. Moreover, a short duration of severe diaper dermatitis during the first 3 months, a family history of AD, and being male were significantly associated with AD/eczema until the age of 2 years. Conclusions After adjusting for family history of AD, a short-term skin problem in the first 3 months of life was significantly associated with the development of food allergies or AD/eczema until the age of 2 years. Prevention or prompt treatment of skin problems in newborns is essential for preventing future allergic diseases. Trial registration This was a follow-up study conducted 2 years after the completed RCT of a moisturizer skincare intervention for early infants, which was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000013260)

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