What Kind of Drug Education Do We Need—And for Whom?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-585
Author(s):  
Philip R. Nader
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Children's Attitudes

Congratulations on publishing the "Outcomes of Drug Education" by Drs. Tennant, Weaver and Lewis. It may be of interest to report other case studies to further question the "efficacy" of so-called drug education even at elementary level. In one study elementary children's attitudes as measured by a semantic differential were uniformly negative toward drugs and were not affected by a drug education course which consisted mostly of descriptions of the various drugs, their dangers and the legal implications.

Peer-Concept Ratings in Rural Children

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Powell ◽  
William F. White
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Peer Evaluation ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Peer Perceptions

Comparison of peer perceptions of 95 rural Negro and 95 white elementary level students shows substantial differences across race in the factor structure on a form of Osgood's Semantic Differential. Caste, class, race, grade level, poverty level, or other factors should, in further studies, be related to the depressed peer evaluation of Negro samples should this low evaluation reappear.

A Psychometric Analysis of an Inventory for Assessing Children's Attitudes Toward Physical Activity1

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Schutz ◽  
Frank L. Smoll ◽  
Terry M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Children's Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Behavior

Simon and Smoll's (1974) inventory for assessing children's attitudes toward physical activity (CATPA) has been used in numerous studies of children's at-titudinal dispositions and their relationships to a variety of situational and dispositional variables. Recent research revealing low attitude-behavior relationships and instability across time has raised questions about the psychometric properties of the CATPA inventory. The purpose of this research was to psychometrically analyze the six attitude subdomains of this semantic differential inventory and derive recommendations for its modification. The first of three studies reported herein included a four-phase analysis of the CATPA scores of 1,752 children, the results of which indicated that (a) three of the original eight bipolar adjectives were not good discriminators, (b) internal consistencies were high and were not improved by reciprocal average reweighting, and (c) a seven-factor structure emerged, differing from the underlying six-factor theoretical model. In Study 2 a revised CATPA inventory was administered to 1,895 boys and girls. The findings supported the inventory revisions and suggested the necessity for dichotomizing one of the six original attitude sub-domains. Study 3 incorporated the derived rescoring procedures in the reanalysis of earlier attitudinal investigations. Results revealed that modifying the scales neither changed the nature or strength of attitude-behavior relationships nor did it affect the intraindividual stability of CATPA over a period of time. The revised CATPA inventory was deemed to be an improvement over the original instrument because of its superior psychometric characteristics and reduced length, thereby making it more efficient for administrative purposes.

The Effects of Priming on Children's Attitudes Toward Older Individuals

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sony Hoe ◽  
Denise Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Attribute Salience ◽  
Children's Attitudes ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the present research was to examine younger (7-years-old) and older (10-years-old) children's attitudes toward older individuals following one type of five primes: positive prime, negative prime, elderly prime, grandparent prime, or neutral prime. Overall, children's attitudes on three tests—Apperception, Semantic Differential, and Attribute Salience—were affected by the type of prime children were given, with positive and grandparent primes resulting in more positive views toward older individuals than negative, elderly, or neutral (control group) primes. The present research provides evidence that priming the most accessible cognitions about an individual can affect even young children's perception of the individual. These results are discussed in terms of category-based and data-driven processing and may explain the disparate findings obtained in previous studies that have shown the children's attitudes toward older individuals are sometimes negative, whereas other studies have shown that children's attitudes are more positive or neutral.

Conditioning Away Prejudicial Attitudes in Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Parish ◽  
Annmarie Shirazi ◽  
Frank Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Differential Type ◽  
Children's Attitudes ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether or not certain attitudes could be modified through classical conditioning. It was hypothesized that evaluations of Vietnamese and Afro-Americans would become more favorable after slides of each were paired with the presentation of positively evaluated words. Evaluations were made through the use of a semantic differential-type attitude scale (Osgood, 1952). Analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant increase in favorable evaluations of the Vietnamese only. The reason the evaluations of Afro-Americans did not demonstrate a similar change may have been due to the fact that Euro-American children's attitudes of Afro-Americans were too psychologically significant an issue to be modified by a single session of conditioning trials.

The Use of the Semantic Differential Technique in Drug Education Research: An Example and Some Suggestions

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Simpson ◽  
F. W. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Differential Technique ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the Semantic Differential Technique is an efficient and reliable instrument for measuring attitudes in drug education. Its sensitivity to gradations in attitudes is demonstrated in an actual research study and suggestions for its potential uses in drug education programs are discussed.

Corporate Sustainability: Challenge to Managerial Orthodoxies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Sustainability Management

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of corporate sustainability. It examines why achieving sustainability is becoming an increasingly vital issue for society and organisations, defines sustainability and then outlines a set of phases through which organisations can move to achieve increasing levels of sustainability. Case studies are presented of organisations at various phases indicating the benefits, for the organisation and its stakeholders, which can be made at each phase. Finally the paper argues that there is a marked contrast between the two competing philosophies of neo-conservatism (economic rationalism) and the emerging philosophy of sustainability. Management schools have been strongly influenced by economic rationalism, which underpins the traditional orthodoxies presented in such schools. Sustainability represents an urgent challenge for management schools to rethink these traditional orthodoxies and give sustainability a central place in the curriculum.

Short-Form Application of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test to Latino Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Carol Melnick Ratusnik ◽  
Karen Sattinger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Data Application ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique

Short-form versions of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar (Toronto, 1973) and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (Lee, 1971) were devised for use with bilingual Latino children while preserving the original normative data. Application of a multiple regression technique to data collected on 60 lower social status Latino children (four years and six months to seven years and one month) from Spanish Harlem and Yonkers, New York, yielded a small but powerful set of predictor items from the Spanish and English tests. Clinicians may make rapid and accurate predictions of STSG or NSST total screening scores from administration of substantially shortened versions of the instruments. Case studies of Latino children from Chicago and Miami serve to cross-validate the procedure outside the New York metropolitan area.

The Hearing Aid Effect in African American and Caucasian Males as Perceived by Female Judges of the Same Race

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Davis ◽  
Rhonda Jackson ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
William Cooper
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Males And Females

Prior studies have proven the existence of the "hearing aid effect" when photographs of Caucasian males and females wearing a body aid, a post-auricular aid (behind-the-ear), or no hearing aid were judged by lay persons and professionals. This study was performed to determine if African American and Caucasian males, judged by female members of their own race, were likely to be judged in a similar manner on the basis of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. Sixty female undergraduate education majors (30 African American; 30 Caucasian) used a semantic differential scale to rate slides of preteen African American and Caucasian males, with and without hearing aids. The results of this study showed that female African American and Caucasian judges rated males of their respective races differently. The hearing aid effect was predominant among the Caucasian judges across the dimensions of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, the African American judges only exhibited a hearing aid effect on the appearance dimension.

Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Rose Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Barriers To Service ◽  
Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document