The Pharmacological Assessment of Single Drugs and Drug Combinations in Exercise-induced Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
C. Warren Blerman ◽  
William E. Pierson ◽  
Gall G. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced

The relative effectiveness of ephedrine, theophylline, hydroxyzine, and their combinations in relieving cycloergometer exercise-induced asthma were studied in 16 children and adolescents. Ephedrine had no effect on post-exercise asthma, hydroxyzine had a weak effect on hastening recovery, while theophylline modified the post-exercise response significantly. The three drugs together produced an additive effect superior to that of theophylline alone.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Release of Cardiac Troponins in Adolescent vs. Adult Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Rafel Cirer-Sastre ◽  
Francisco Corbi ◽  
Isaac López-Laval ◽  
Luis Enrique Carranza-García ◽  
Joaquín Reverter-Masià
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cardiac Troponins ◽  
Similar Peak ◽  
Apparently Healthy

To examine the exercise-induced release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in adolescent and adult swimmers. Thirty-two trained male (18 adolescents, 14 adults) swam at maximal pace in a 45 min distance trial, and blood samples were drawn before, immediately and 3 h after exercise for subsequent cTnT analysis and comparison. Having comparable training experience and baseline values of cTnT (p = 0.78 and p = 0.13), adults exercised at lower absolute and relative intensity (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), but presented higher immediate cTnT after exercise than adolescents (p < 0.001). Despite that, peak concentrations were observed at 3 h post exercise and peak elevations were comparable between groups (p = 0.074). Fourteen (44%) apparently healthy subjects exceeded the cutoff value for myocardial infarction (MI). Adolescents presented a delayed elevation of cTnT compared with adults, but achieved similar peak values.

scholarly journals Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5737
Author(s):  
Soledad Arribalzaga ◽  
Aitor Viribay ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Diego Fernández-Lázaro ◽  
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Due to the high metabolic and physical demands in single-stage one-day ultra-trail (SOUT) races, athletes should be properly prepared in both physical and nutritional aspects in order to delay fatigue and avoid associated difficulties. However, high carbohydrate (CHO) intake would seem to increase gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The main purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate CHO intake during SOUT events as well as its relationship with fatigue (in terms of internal exercise load, exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and post-exercise recovery) and GI problems. A structured search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in the following: Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to 16 March 2021. After conducting the search and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight articles in total were included in this systematic review, in all of which CHO intake involved gels, energy bars and sports drinks. Two studies associated higher CHO consumption (120 g/h) with an improvement in internal exercise load. Likewise, these studies observed that SOUT runners whose intake was 120 g/h could benefit by limiting the EIMD observed by CK (creatine kinase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and GOT (aspartate aminotransferase), and also improve recovery of high intensity running capacity 24 h after a trail marathon. In six studies, athletes had GI symptoms between 65–82%. In summary, most of the runners did not meet CHO intake standard recommendations for SOUT events (90 g/h), while athletes who consumed more CHO experienced a reduction in internal exercise load, limited EIMD and improvement in post-exercise recovery. Conversely, the GI symptoms were recurrent in SOUT athletes depending on altitude, environmental conditions and running speed. Therefore, a high CHO intake during SOUT events is important to delay fatigue and avoid GI complications, and to ensure high intake, it is necessary to implement intestinal training protocols.

Cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event at Jungle environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Angad Yadav ◽  
Tirthankar Chatterjee ◽  
Debojyoti Bhattacharyya ◽  
Somnath Singh ◽  
Madhusudan Pal
Keyword(s):  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Event ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of extreme training activities. However, globally the literatures available on the physiological and biochemical demand of different extreme military training activities are very scanty and less reported. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to quantify the cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event in jungle environment. Materials and Methods: Mathew’s Mad Mile (MMM) activity is a type of specialized run of 1.5 mile in jungle environment. This training activity was conducted on rugged jungle terrain comprised of undulated uphill, downhill, muddy surface. Twenty-five SHAPE-1 healthy soldiers were volunteered into training event. Cardiorespiratory data was recorded continuously throughout the event and venous blood sample was drawn before and immediately after completion of the event. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference observed in heart rate and breathing rate while core body temperature was significantly (p = 0.02) higher in slow finisher as compared to fast finisher. In fast finisher, post exercise level of BDNF, BNP, SDH, cortisol and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BHB (p<0.01) decreased significantly in comparison to pre-exercise. In slow finishers, post exercise level of cortisol, KYNA and UCP1 increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas, BDNF, BNP and SDH decreased significantly (p<0.05), in comparison to pre-exercise. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicated that the slow finishers were more susceptible to risk of injury due to higher exercise induced thermogenesis and mental stress in comparison to fast finisher.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide and Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Recreational Runners with Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Nebl ◽  
Kathrin Drabert ◽  
Sven Haufe ◽  
Paulina Wasserfurth ◽  
Julian Eigendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study investigated the exercise-induced changes in oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and amino acid profile in plasma of omnivorous (OMN, n = 25), lacto-ovo-vegetarian (LOV, n = 25) and vegan (VEG, n = 23) recreational runners. Oxidative stress was measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), NO as nitrite and nitrate, and various amino acids, including homoarginine and guanidinoacetate, the precursor of creatine. All analytes were measured by validated stable-isotope dilution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods. Pre-exercise, VEG had the highest MDA and nitrate concentrations, whereas nitrite concentration was highest in LOV. Amino acid profiles differed between the groups, with guanidinoacetate being highest in OMN. Upon acute exercise, MDA increased in the LOV and VEG group, whereas nitrate, nitrite and creatinine did not change. Amino acid profiles changed post-exercise in all groups, with the greatest changes being observed for alanine (+28% in OMN, +21% in LOV and +28% in VEG). Pre-exercise, OMN, LOV and VEG recreational runners differ with respect to oxidative stress, NO metabolism and amino acid profiles, in part due to their different dietary pattern. Exercise elicited different changes in oxidative stress with no changes in NO metabolism and closely comparable elevations in alanine. Guanidinoacetate seems to be differently utilized in OMN, LOV and VEG, pre- and post-exercise.

Human arterial responses to isometric exercise: the role of the muscle metaboreflex

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom S. Davies ◽  
Michael P. Frenneaux ◽  
Ross I. Campbell ◽  
Michael J. White
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Calf Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Arterial Responses

The effects of exercise on the distensibility of large and medium-sized arteries are poorly understood, but can be attributed to a combination of local vasodilator effects of exercise opposed by sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. We sought to examine this relationship at the conduit artery level, with particular reference to the role of the sympatho-excitatory muscle metaboreflex. The effect of maintained muscle metaboreflex activation on a previously passive or exercised limb femoral artery was investigated. A total of ten healthy volunteers performed 2 min of isometric ankle plantar-flexion at 40% MVC (maximal voluntary force), in conjunction with 2 min of either non-ischaemic isometric HG (handgrip; control condition) or IHG (ischaemic HG) at 40% MVC. IHG was followed by 2 min of PECO (post-exercise circulatory occlusion) to maintain muscle metaboreflex activation. FTPWV [femoral–tibial PWV (pulse wave velocity)] was measured in the exercised or contralateral limb at baseline and immediately following calf exercise. BP (blood pressure) and HR (heart rate) were measured continuously throughout. In the HG condition, BP and HR returned promptly to baseline post-exercise, whereas exercised leg FTPWV was decreased (less stiff) by 0.6 m/s (P<0.05) and the non-exercised leg PWV was not changed from baseline. PECO caused a sustained increase in BP, but not HR, in the IHG condition. Contralateral leg PWV increased (stiffened) during PECO by 0.9 m/s (P<0.05), whereas exercised limb FTPWV was not changed from baseline. In conclusion, muscle metaboreflex activation causes a systemic stiffening of the arterial tree, which can overcome local exercise-induced decreases in arterial PWV.

scholarly journals The B2 Receptor of Bradykinin Is Not Essential for the Post-Exercise Increase in Glucose Uptake by Insulin-Stimulated Mouse Skeletal Muscle

2011 ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. SCHWEITZER ◽  
C. M. CASTORENA ◽  
T. HAMADA ◽  
K. FUNAI ◽  
E. B. ARIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Exercise Induced

Bradykinin can enhance skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU), and exercise increases both bradykinin production and muscle insulin sensitivity, but bradykinin’s relationship with post-exercise insulin action is uncertain. Our primary aim was to determine if the B2 receptor of bradykinin (B2R) is essential for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscles. Wildtype (WT) and B2R knockout (B2RKO) mice were sedentary or performed 60 minutes of treadmill exercise. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose ±insulin (60 or 100 μU/ml). GU tended to be greater for WT vs. B2RKO soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.166) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). Both genotypes had significant exercise-induced reductions (P<0.05) in glycemia and insulinemia, and the decrements for glucose (~14 %) and insulin (~55 %) were similar between genotypes. GU tended to be greater for exercised vs. sedentary soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.063) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). There were no significant interactions between genotype and exercise for blood glucose, plasma insulin or GU. These results indicate that the B2R is not essential for the exercise-induced decrements in blood glucose or plasma insulin or for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscle.

The pharmacological assessment of single drugs and drug combinations in exercise-induced asthma

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C BIERMAN ◽  
W PIERSON ◽  
G SHAPIRO ◽  
P VANARSDELJR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract MP12: Proteomic Predictors Of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response To Regular Exercise

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
Guoshuai Cai ◽  
Jeremy M Robbins ◽  
Robert E Gerszten ◽  
Prashant Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise

Introduction: Regular exercise beneficially increases plasma HDL-C levels at the group level. However, variation in individual HDL-C responses to exercise highlight a need for predictive biomarkers of exercise response. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that baseline abundance of circulating proteins is predictive of HDL-C response to exercise and that identified proteins are part of a complex biological network of exercise response. Methods: We measured over 5,000 circulating proteins using an aptamer-affinity based platform (SomaScan) in 667 black and white adults from the HERITAGE Family Study. Fasting plasma HDL-C was measured at baseline and following 20 weeks of supervised endurance exercise training. To predict exercise induced changes in HDL-C using baseline abundance of circulating proteins, models were created using LASSO regression and a 70/30 training test data split with 10-fold cross validation. Biological pathways, networks, and functions involving proteins identified in predictive modeling were investigated by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and integrated molecular pathway level analysis (IMPaLA). Results: Regular exercise significantly increased HDL-C in the sample by 1.5 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.0001), however marked inter-individual differences in response were present (range: -19.5 to +17.4 mg/dL). LASSO regression of circulating proteins only yielded a model of 120 proteins with similar but stronger predictive power to a model of 19 clinical traits (root mean square error = 4.52 and 5.3 mg/dL respectively). LASSO regression of both clinical and proteomic predictors resulted in a final model of baseline HDL-C and 116 circulating proteins, with an improved root mean square error of 4.11 mg/dL. Furthermore, this panel of 116 proteins was able to explain 40.0% of the variance in exercise induced changes in plasma HDL-C, while clinical predictors alone (including baseline HDL-C) explained only 3.9%. Pathway analysis of these 116 proteins identified several biological processes including pathways involved in the progression towards atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, mTOR signaling, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Conclusions: Circulating proteins may allow for prediction of exercise induced changes in HDL-C. Additionally, proteins predictive of HDL-C response to exercise are associated with important biological pathways and may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of regular exercise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document