Reye Syndrome and Salicylates: A Spurious Association

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reye Syndrome ◽  
Spurious Association

The intent of this communication is to show that the potential for bias, confounding, and/or change in the reported case-control surveys of Reye syndrome (RS) was sufficiently great so as to make any and all inferences pertaining to associations or causality between aspirin and RS highly questionable—or worse—misleading. Further, five lines of recent clinical and scientific evidence question the biologic plausibility of the claimed association.

Creativity and Mental Illness: Is There a Link?

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Control Designs

Objective: To critically assess the scientific evidence for associating creativity with mental illness. Method: MEDLINE and secondary literature searches identified 29 studies and 34 review articles on creativity and mental illness. All studies were critically evaluated. Reviews were also assessed. Results: Of 29 studies that evaluated possible associations between creativity and mental illness, 15 found no evidence to link creativity and mental illness, 9 found positive evidence, and 5 had unclear findings. Most studies used flawed methodologies with weak (case series or case control) designs. There were no randomized or prospective cohort studies. Adequate criteria for determining causal association were not met. In 34 selective reviews, despite mixed evidence, many authors asserted that creativity and mental illness were positively or causally associated. Conclusions: There is limited scientific evidence to associate creativity with mental illness. Despite this, many authors promoted a connection. Explanations for this contradiction are explored, and social and research implications are discussed.

scholarly journals TNFAIP8 variants as potential epidemiological and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Gao ◽  
Zhiran Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. The SNaPshot SNP assay was conducted to detect SNP genotype. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association. Results: Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions: TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.

Aspirin and Reye Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vincent A. Fulginiti ◽  
Philip A. Brunell ◽  
James D. Cherry ◽  
Walton L. Ector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Reye Syndrome ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Unique Nature

Because of the unique nature and importance of this report, the Committee urges that members read it in its entirety, and examine the report of the Reye Syndrome Working Group convened by the Centers for Disease Control (National surveillance of Reye syndrome 1981: Update, Reye syndrome and salicylate usage. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 31:53-56, 61-63, 1982). For some years there has been a suspicion that Reye syndrome is due, at least in part, to one or more drugs administered during an antecedent viral illness, usually influenza or chickenpox. Suspected drugs have included antiemetic and antipyretic preparations. More recently, concern has centered on salicylates. In November 1980, summaries of epidemiologic studies of Reye syndrome performed for two consecutive years in Ohio and in Michigan were reported (Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 29:532, 1980). These studies demonstrated an association of Reye syndrome with the administration of aspirin during the antecedent illness. In December 1980, a full report of a small study of Reye syndrome in Arizona by Starko and colleagues (Pediatrics 66:859, 1980) produced similar results. The membership was made aware of these studies by the Committee on Infectious Diseases and the Committee on Drugs via News & Comment in March 1981. More recently the Committee has had an opportunity to review full reports of the Ohio and Michigan studies, not yet published. The Committee believes that the results of this review should be brought to the attention of the membership. Each of these studies, including that from Arizona, was performed using the case-control method.

scholarly journals SNP mistyping in genotyping arrays-an important cause of spurious association in case-control studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mitry ◽  
H. Campbell ◽  
D.G. Charteris ◽  
B.W. Fleck ◽  
A. Tenesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Spurious Association

scholarly journals TNFAIP8 variants as potential epidemiological and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Gao ◽  
Zhiran Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. The SNaPshot SNP assay was conducted to detect SNP genotype. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association.Results: Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions: TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Abdulla Varoneckas ◽  
Kotryna Jasinskaitė ◽  
Asta Varašiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Purpose: The aim of this review was to assess the relationship between adverse birth outcomes and early childhood caries. Methods: Two reviewers searched different databases from February 2020. Results: 1376 articles were shown after the initial electronic databases search. The authors identified 10 studies investigating the incidence of dental caries among children with primary dentition, covering 79284 children, with their age ranging from 0,5 to 6 years. The studies were published from 2010 to 2020 and included retrospective, cohort, case control and cross-sectional studies. Conclusion: The found scientific evidence demonstratedthat children with adverse birth outcomes are more likely to experience caries than healthy children.

Cytokine levels and their role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A systematic review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1586-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimala Kishore ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Sana Mirza ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Raffat ◽  
Sana Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Larger Sample

Introduction Burning Mouth Syndrome is characterized by variable symptoms that include pain, burning and paraguesia in an otherwise healthy-appearing oral mucosa. Although the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is unknown, some studies provide evidence of subclinical inflammation leading to disrupted cytokine levels. Aim To investigate the expression of cytokines and role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Methods Online databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched from November 1986 to November 2018 for case control/cross-sectional studies comparing the levels of cytokines in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls. Results A total of eight studies were included in the current review. Four studies were of high and four studies were of moderate quality. Seven studies evaluated IL-6, out of which four showed comparable results, two showed higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. Four studies assessed IL-2, out of which two reported comparable results whereas one study reported higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. IL-10 levels were measured in three studies that reported no significant differences in the levels between Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls. Discussion and conclusion The etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is multifactorial. Studies have provided scientific evidence that inflammation plays a key role in Burning Mouth Syndrome pathogenesis. However, whether up-regulation or down-regulation of specific cytokines contribute to the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome remains debatable. Further high-quality studies with larger sample size and assessing a wider array of cytokines are warranted in order to obtain strong conclusions.

scholarly journals TNFAIP8 variants as a potential epidemiological and predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Gao ◽  
Zhiran Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association. Results Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.

A pseudolikelihood approach for assessing genetic association in case–control studies with unmeasured population structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 3153-3165
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Kung-Yee Liang ◽  
Pan Tong ◽  
Terri H Beaty ◽  
Kathleen C Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Spurious Association ◽  
Genomic Markers ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

The case–control study design is one of the main tools for detecting associations between genetic markers and diseases. It is well known that population substructure can lead to spurious association between disease status and a genetic marker if the prevalence of disease and the marker allele frequency vary across subpopulations. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical method to estimate the association in case–control studies with unmeasured population substructure. The proposed method takes two steps. First, the information on genomic markers and disease status is used to infer the population substructure; second, the association between the disease and the test marker adjusting for the population substructure is modeled and estimated parametrically through polytomous logistic regression. The performance of the proposed method, relative to the existing methods, on bias, coverage probability and computational time, is assessed through simulations. The method is applied to an end-stage renal disease study in African Americans population.

scholarly journals Do Health Programs Reduce Conflict and Violence? A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G Waller
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
International Database ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Abstract BackgroundHealth programs are often implemented in conflict zones in hopes of ‘winning hearts and minds’ and preserving the peace. We find no scientific evidence for this policy but hypothesize that programs to mitigate health problems have a role in keeping the peace in conflict states. The evidence for our theory to date is anecdotal.MethodsWe carefully examined hundreds of conflicts in a robust international database (NAVCO 2.0) for the presence of health programs by warring parties and were unable to demonstrate a statistical correlation between the presence of a health program and the subsequent peaceful resolution of conflict. Using this empirical analysis and the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), a comprehensive international database of health conditions, we performed a matched case-control analysis of the association between the GBD prevalence of 254 different health conditions and NAVCO database conflict status. We identified 14 countries with new-onset conflict as our cases and 42 similar countries without conflict during the same year as our controls.ResultsNone of the 254 common health conditions had changes in prevalence that correlated with the subsequent conflict status of that nation.ConclusionsWe were unable to show that any of the health conditions we analyzed is a predictive ‘leading indicator’ of conflict. Without such an association or causal link, the role of health programs in reducing conflict and violence remains unconvincing and ambiguous. We believe this work is a novel insight into ways the international community might reliably mitigate conflict and should provoke more research on this topic.

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