RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES

Purpose: The aim of this review was to assess the relationship between adverse birth outcomes and early childhood caries. Methods: Two reviewers searched different databases from February 2020. Results: 1376 articles were shown after the initial electronic databases search. The authors identified 10 studies investigating the incidence of dental caries among children with primary dentition, covering 79284 children, with their age ranging from 0,5 to 6 years. The studies were published from 2010 to 2020 and included retrospective, cohort, case control and cross-sectional studies. Conclusion: The found scientific evidence demonstratedthat children with adverse birth outcomes are more likely to experience caries than healthy children.

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Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case–control and cross-sectional study

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20200870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Linan Shi ◽

Jinhai Jia ◽

Chunnian Li ◽

Caiyun Zhao ◽

Ting Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

The Relationship ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases in children. The effective prevention and treatment are heavy burdens and study hotspots for pediatric dentists. Many studies had investigated the relationship between preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and ECC; however, the results were inconsistent. The present study was conducted with an evidence-based study to figure out the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC for the first time. After searching the database, case–control and cross-sectional studies relevant to the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC up to December 2019 were included. The data about odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted and calculated with STATA 14.0 Software. A total of 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis, 9 studies of which did not only explore the relationship between ECC with preterm, but also study the relationship between ECC and LBW, 7 studies of which explored the relationship between preterm and ECC, and 6 studies of which studied the relationship between LBW and ECC. The meta-analysis results showed that the preterm increased the risk of ECC (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36–1.87) significantly. There was no difference between LBW and normal birth weight in the incidence of ECC (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.94–1.33). The meta-analysis results of adjustment OR about LBW were similar to the crude OR (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.71–1.57). This meta-analysis indicated that preterm increased the risk of ECC significantly; however, LBW was not a risk factor for ECC.

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HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN ANAK TERHADAP TINGKAT KEJADIAN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) DI KELURAHAN TANAH GARAM KOTA SOLOK

Andalas Dental Journal ◽

10.25077/adj.v6i1.86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Lala Viodita ◽

Rizanda Machmud ◽

Hidayati Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diet Pattern ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Childhood Caries

Dental caries is the most commonly found for oral and dental diseases. It could appear in permanent and even desidual teeth. One of the oral and dental diseases prevalent to children of age 1-5 years old is termed Early Childhood Caries (ECC) which was an acute dental infection that rapidly develop from one third of primary servical maxillary incisivus into the whole teeth making white to yellowish cavity with soft caries tissue. Diet pattern gives big influence on incidence of caries. to find the relationship between children diet pattern with the case of ECC. observational analytical using cross- sectional design. Sample size was 50 children of age 2-3 years old in three different Comprehensive Treatment Post (CTP) in working area of Tanah Garam primary healthcare in Solok City. ECC prevalence in Tanah Garam District of Solok City in 2018 was 56 %. Diet pattern found mostly was cariogenic for 52 %. There was significant relationship between diet pattern with the case of ECC in Tanah Garam District of Solok City with p = 0.01. There was significant relationship between diet pattern with the case of ECC in Tanah Garam District Solok City.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Sever Early Childhood Caries and Breast Milk`s Lactose Among 12-24 Month Old Children.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-142813/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Poureslami ◽

Maryam Sharifi ◽

Mahla Vahedi ◽

Salehe Sabouri ◽

Parnian Poureslami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Average Level ◽

Test Results ◽

Average Amount ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and breast milk lactose, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study performed on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC who were solely breastfed, and mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20 ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4 ° C and then they were tested to lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: the average amount of lactose in the breast milk sof cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p=0/64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, the average level of lactose in the breast milk samples was lower than the average level of lactose in breast milk in other countries and the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.

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Relationship between Severe Early Childhood Caries and breast milk`s lactose among 12-24 month old children.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-142813/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Poureslami ◽

Maryam Sharifi ◽

Mahla Vahedi ◽

Salehe Sabouri ◽

Parnian Poureslami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Average Level ◽

Average Amount ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and breast milk lactose, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out in April to July 2020 on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC who were solely breastfed Also, the mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20 ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4 ° C and then they were tested to lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: The average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml, and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p=0/64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in the two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, the average level of lactose in the breast milk samples was lower than the average level of lactose in breast milk in other countries, and the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.

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The relationship between maternal characteristics and early childhood caries

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol32no1.23640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Susi Susi ◽

Murniwati Murniwati ◽

Nila Kasuma ◽

Minarni Minarni

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Relationship ◽

Childhood Caries

Introduction: World Oral Health Organization (WHO) targeted in 2010 that 90% of children under five years are caries-free. In 2011, the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) was 6%-90% worldwide. It is still far from the WHO target. Many factors can cause caries; one of them was family characteristics. The objective of the study was to analyse the relationship between maternal characteristics (education, occupation, and the number of children) and early childhood caries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Integrated Post Service (Posyandu) located in the city of Bukittinggi, Indonesia. The sample was 66 parents and their children aged 2-3 years. Maternal characteristic was obtained by interview, whereas the ECC was measured using the def-t index. Data were collected and analysed by the Chi-square test. Three dentists and two dentistry students collected the calibrated data. Results: ECC prevalence was 50% (CI 95%; 38%-62%) with the def-t index of 2.23 ± 2.81 (CI 95%; 1.53-2.92) and caries significant index (CSI) was 5.73. The prevalence of caries-free was found highest in children with working mothers (66.7%) and the lowest (31.6%) in children with basic educated mothers. The highest def-t index was 3.17± 3.212, which was found in three-years-old children, and the lowest was 1.98 ± 2.915, which was found in children with advance educated mothers. Conclusion: There was no relationship between maternal education level, occupation, and the number of children with early childhood caries.

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Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/23800844211002108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 238008442110021

Author(s):

O.O. Olatosi ◽

A.A. Alade ◽

T. Naicker ◽

T. Busch ◽

A. Oyapero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Z Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Z Scores ◽

Childhood Caries

Introduction: Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child’s nutrition and growth. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Results: A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<–3 = severely wasted, –2 to –3 = wasted, –2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft ( r = −0.181, P < 0.05 and r = −0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant ( r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). Conclusion: Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.

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Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/198-6523.2016.2.21496 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽

Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽

Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽

Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽

Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

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Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 252-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Priya Subramaniam ◽

Revathy Suresh

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Only Children ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manjunath P Puranik ◽

Deepa Bullappa ◽

KR Sowmya ◽

T Nagarathnamma

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Feeding Methods ◽

Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91). Conclusion The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046). How to cite this article Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.

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Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective

10.21203/rs.2.16567/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Morenike Folayan ◽

Maha El Tantawi ◽

Robert J Schroth ◽

Ana Vukovic ◽

Authur Kemoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Linear Models ◽

National Income ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Country Level ◽

Eta Squared ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract Background: Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods: Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048). Conclusion: Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.

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