FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH WEIGHT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. A90-A90
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting

Maternal smoking, stress, and poor socioeconomic conditions during pregnancy have been linked with low birthweight babies. Is there any way of deciding which of these related potential causes is the most important? In an attempt to do that a research group. . . studied over 1500 pregnant women delivering at a district general hospital in inner London. They showed that the most important influence on fetal growth was smoking, which was associated with a 5% reduction in birth weight after adjustment for maternal height and parity, gestation, and the baby's sex. Of over 40 socioeconomic and psychosocial factors examined, only four were significantly related to a reduction in birth weight, and these became non-significant after adjustment for smoking. The authors conclude that any effects of stress and poor environment on fetal growth are small compared with the effect of smoking.

Circulating maternal cytokines influence fetal growth in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentien D O de Steenwinkel ◽  
Anita C S Hokken-Koelega ◽  
Yaël A de Man ◽  
Y B de Rijke ◽  
Maria A J de Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Cytokine Levels

BackgroundHigh rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity during pregnancy is associated with a lower birth weight. Active RA is characterised by high circulating levels of cytokines, which can mediate placental growth and remodelling.ObjectivesTo assess the influence of maternal serum cytokine levels on birth weight in RA pregnancy.MethodsThis study is embedded in the PARA Study, a prospective study on RA and pregnancy. In the present study, 161 pregnant women with RA and 32 healthy pregnant women were studied. The main outcome measures were birth weight SD score (birth weight SDS) in relation to maternal serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) at three different time points: preconception and during the first and third trimester. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the corresponding cytokine genes were also studied.ResultsDuring the first trimester, IL-10 was detectable in 16% of patients with RA, IL-6 in 71%, and TNFα in all patients with RA. Mean birth weight SDS of children born to mothers with RA was higher when IL-10 level was high compared with low (difference=0.75; p=0.04), and lower when IL-6 was high compared with low (difference=0.50; p<0.01) in the first trimester. No correlation was seen at the other time points studied or with TNFα. Cytokine levels were not related to their corresponding SNPs.ConclusionsMaternal IL-10 and IL-6 levels are associated with fetal growth in RA. In the first trimester, high IL-10 levels are associated with higher birth weight SDS, and high IL-6 levels are associated with lower birth weight SDS, even after correction for disease activity.

Factors Affecting Weight Gain and Infant Birth Weight in Pregnant Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. A69
Author(s):  
Gloria Coffman ◽  
M.A. Smith ◽  
Mary Dundas ◽  
Marjorie Luttrell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infant Birth

scholarly journals PRETERM BIRTH AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION IN HIV-INFECTED BRAZILIAN PREGNANT WOMEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lucia Barroso DOS REIS ◽  
Karina da Silva ARAUJO ◽  
Lilian Paula RIBEIRO ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro DA ROCHA ◽  
Drielli Petri ROSATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Southeastern Brazil

Introduction: Maternal HIV infection and related co-morbidities may have two outstanding consequences to fetal health: mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and adverse perinatal outcomes. After Brazilian success in reducing MTCT, the attention must now be diverted to the potentially increased risk for preterm birth (PTB) and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). Objective: To determine the prevalence of PTB and IUGR in low income, antiretroviral users, publicly assisted, HIV-infected women and to verify its relation to the HIV infection stage. Patients and Methods: Out of 250 deliveries from HIV-infected mothers that delivered at a tertiary public university hospital in the city of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, from November 2001 to May 2012, 74 single pregnancies were selected for study, with ultrasound validated gestational age (GA) and data on birth dimensions: fetal weight (FW), birth length (BL), head and abdominal circumferences (HC, AC). The data were extracted from clinical and pathological records, and the outcomes summarized as proportions of preterm birth (PTB, < 37 weeks), low birth weight (LBW, < 2500g) and small (SGA), adequate (AGA) and large (LGA) for GA, defined as having a value below, between or beyond the ±1.28 z/GA score, the usual clinical cut-off to demarcate the 10th and 90th percentiles. Results: PTB was observed in 17.5%, LBW in 20.2% and SGA FW, BL, HC and AC in 16.2%, 19.1%, 13.8%, and 17.4% respectively. The proportions in HIV-only and AIDS cases were: PTB: 5.9 versus 27.5%, LBW: 14.7% versus 25.0%, SGA BW: 17.6% versus 15.0%, BL: 6.0% versus 30.0%, HC: 9.0% versus 17.9%, and AC: 13.3% versus 21.2%; only SGA BL attained a significant difference. Out of 15 cases of LBW, eight (53.3%) were preterm only, four (26.7%) were SGA only, and three (20.0%) were both PTB and SGA cases. A concomitant presence of, at least, two SGA dimensions in the same fetus was frequent. Conclusions: The proportions of preterm birth and low birth weight were higher than the local and Brazilian prevalence and a trend was observed for higher proportions of SGA fetal dimensions than the expected population distribution in this small casuistry of newborn from the HIV-infected, low income, antiretroviral users, and publicly assisted pregnant women. A trend for higher prevalence of PTB, LBW and SGA fetal dimensions was also observed in infants born to mothers with AIDS compared to HIV-infected mothers without AIDS.

scholarly journals Maternal Diet Influences Fetal Growth but Not Fetal Kidney Volume in an Australian Indigenous Pregnancy Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Yu Qi Lee ◽  
Eugenie R Lumbers ◽  
Tracy L Schumacher ◽  
Clare E Collins ◽  
Kym M Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Kidney Volume ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Folate Supplementation

Suboptimal nutrition during pregnancy is recognised as a significant modifiable determinant in the development of chronic disease in offspring in later life. The current study aimed: (i) to assess the dietary intakes of pregnant Indigenous Australian women against national recommendations and (ii) to investigate the associations between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the growth of the offspring, including kidney development in late gestation in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort (n = 103). Maternal dietary intake in the third trimester was assessed using the Australian Eating Survey Food Frequency Questionnaire. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) and kidney size were obtained by ultrasound. Birth weight was retrieved from hospital birth records. Of the five key nutrients for optimal reproductive health (folate, iron, calcium, zinc and fibre), the nutrients with the highest percentage of pregnant women achieving the nutrient reference values (NRVs) were zinc (75.7%) and folate (57.3%), whereas iron was the lowest. Only four people achieved all NRVs (folate, iron, calcium, zinc and fibre) important in pregnancy. Sodium and saturated fat intake exceeded recommended levels and diet quality was low, with a median score of 28 out of 73 points. After adjusting for smoking and pre-pregnancy body mass index, only maternal intake of retinol equivalents and the proportion of energy from nutrient-dense or energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods were associated with fetal growth. EFW decreased by 0.13 g and birth weight decreased by 0.24 g for every µg increase in maternal dietary retinol intake. Interestingly, EFW, but not actual birth weight, was positively associated with percentage energy from nutrient dense foods and negatively associated with percentage energy from EDNP foods. Dietary supplement usage was associated with increased birthweight, most significantly iron and folate supplementation. Current dietary intakes of pregnant Australian women from this cohort do not align with national guidelines. Furthermore, current findings show that maternal retinol intake and diet composition during pregnancy can influence fetal growth, but not fetal kidney growth in late gestation. Strategies that aim to support and optimise nutrient intakes of Indigenous pregnant women are urgently needed. Future studies with long-term follow-up of the children in the current cohort to assess renal damage and blood pressure are imperative.

scholarly journals Maternal Serum and Cord Blood Leptin Concentrations at Delivery in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stefaniak ◽  
Ewa Dmoch-Gajzlerska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maternal Bmi

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Leptin is a polypeptide hormone, and in pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta and maternal and fetal adipose tissues. Normal leptin production is a factor responsible for uncomplicated gestation, embryo development, and fetal growth. The study compared maternal serum and cord blood leptin concentrations at delivery in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was performed in 25 pregnant women with isolated IUGR and in 194 pregnant women without any complications. Leptin concentrations in maternal serum and in cord blood samples collected at delivery were measured by ELISA and subsequently analyzed by maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, and infant gender and birth weight. For comparative analyses of normally distributed variables, parametric tests were used, that is, the Student <i>t</i> test and a one-way ANOVA. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used when the distribution was not normal. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between normally distributed variables (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In pregnancies complicated by IUGR, the mean maternal serum leptin concentration at delivery was significantly higher (52.73 ± 30.49 ng/mL) than in normal pregnancies (37.17 ± 28.07 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The mean cord blood leptin concentration in pregnancies complicated by IUGR was 7.97 ± 4.46 ng/mL and significantly lower than in normal pregnancies (14.78 ± 15.97 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a statistically significant correlation was established between maternal serum leptin concentrations and maternal BMI at delivery (<i>r</i> = 0.22; <i>p</i> = 0.00). No statistically significant correlation was found between cord blood leptin concentrations and maternal BMI in either study subjects or controls. In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a strong correlation was observed between cord blood leptin concentrations and birth weight (<i>r</i> = 0.23; <i>p</i> = 0.00). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Elevated maternal blood leptin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by IUGR may indicate a significant adverse effect of elevated leptin on fetal growth. The differences in leptin concentrations, measured in maternal serum and in cord blood, between the study subjects and controls suggest that deregulated leptin levels may increase the risk of obstetric complications associated with placental insufficiency.

scholarly journals Haplotype genetic score analysis in 10,734 mother/infant pairs reveals complex maternal and fetal genetic effects underlying the associations between maternal phenotypes, birth outcomes and adult phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jonas Bacelis ◽  
Pol Sole Navais ◽  
Amit Srivastava ◽  
Julius Juodakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Genetic Score ◽  
Gestational Duration

ABSTRACTMany maternal traits are associated with a neonate’s gestational duration, birth weight and birth length. These birth outcomes are subsequently associated with late onset health conditions. Based on 10,734 mother/infant duos of European ancestry, we constructed haplotype genetic scores to dissect the maternal and fetal genetic effects underlying these observed associations. We showed that maternal height and fetal growth jointly affect the duration of gestation – maternal height positively influences the gestational duration, while faster fetal growth reduces gestational duration. Fetal growth is influenced by both maternal and fetal effects and can reciprocally influence maternal phenotypes: tall maternal stature and higher blood glucose causally increase birth size; in the fetus, the height and metabolic risk increasing alleles can lead to increased and decreased birth size respectively; birth weight-raising alleles in fetus may reduce gestational duration and increase maternal blood pressure. These maternal and fetal genetic effects can largely explain the observed associations between the studied maternal phenotypes and birth outcomes as well as the life-course associations between these birth outcomes and adult phenotypes.

Sociodemographic risk factors associated with low birthweight in United Arab Emirates

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bener ◽  
Y. M. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
A. Dawodu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryThis case-control study was undertaken to determine socio-demographic risk factors for low birth weight in Al-Ain (United Arab Emirates) over a 12-month period in 1992–93. A total of 3485 live births occurred of which 293 (8·4%) were low birth weight. The risk factors considered were mother's occupation, house conditions, place of residence (urban or rural), maternal smoking habits, antenatal care, availability of help in the home, maternal BMI and educational status. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that mother's occupation, maternal smoking, antenatal care, and lack of help in the home were associated with increased risk of low birth weight.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Active Smokers in Pregnant Women on Low Birth Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Setya Arifian ◽  
◽  
Vitri Widyaningsih ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke has been discerned as an important risk factor for low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of active smokers in pregnant women on low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was meta analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, from year 2010 to 2020. Keywords used “Maternal Smoking” OR “Low Birth Weight” AND “cross sectional”. The study subject was pregnant women. Intervention was active tobacco smokers with comparison non-smokers. The study outcome was low birthweight. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using Revman 5.3. Results: 4 studies from Brazil, East Ethiopia, Southern Ethiopia, Turkey, Taiwan, and Romania reported that active smokers in pregnant women increased the risk of low birthweight (aOR= 2.17; 95% CI= 1.05 to 4.51; p<0.001). Conclusion: Active smokers in pregnant women increase the risk of low birthweight. Keywords: active smokers, pregnant women, low birth weight Correspondence: Imam Setya Arifian. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0852 5340 2793. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.132

scholarly journals Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the underweight newborn

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
ANA MARIA BAPTISTA OLIVEIRA DIAS MALVA VAZ
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference

There is a great controversy about the ingestion of caffeine during pregnancy, with some conclusive results suggesting that higher levels of caffeine consumption might have negative effects on pregnant women and babies.A low birth weight has been associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy. However, not all studies share the same opinion. The mechanism by which caffeine appears to influence fetal growth is not yet defined. Verena (2013) refers in his research that for every 100mg of daily caffeine consumption, the weight of the baby would decrease between 21 to 28 grams and the gestation period was extended in five hours.Considering this, the goal of our study is to investigate the extent to which caffeine consumption in pregnant women can lead to the occurrence of low birth weight.To do this we have conducted a study of descriptive, transversal and quantitative type, consisting of 87 recent mothers, with an average age of 31.2 years, with a weight gain of 10,1Kg during pregnancy, gestational age of 38.8 weeks and birth weight of 3,003Kg, of which 75.86% ingested coffee during pregnancy, an average of 1.3 cups per day.After analysing the data, this study has found that there is no statistically significant difference between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the weight of the newborn.However the small size of the sample is considered the major limitation of the study.Based on the results of other conducted studies, the recommendations related to the maximum amount of caffeine consumption per day should be reviewed.Keywords: Caffeine; Pregnancy; Gestation; Newborn; Underweight newborn

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document