scholarly journals Caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the underweight newborn

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
ANA MARIA BAPTISTA OLIVEIRA DIAS MALVA VAZ
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference

There is a great controversy about the ingestion of caffeine during pregnancy, with some conclusive results suggesting that higher levels of caffeine consumption might have negative effects on pregnant women and babies.A low birth weight has been associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy. However, not all studies share the same opinion. The mechanism by which caffeine appears to influence fetal growth is not yet defined. Verena (2013) refers in his research that for every 100mg of daily caffeine consumption, the weight of the baby would decrease between 21 to 28 grams and the gestation period was extended in five hours.Considering this, the goal of our study is to investigate the extent to which caffeine consumption in pregnant women can lead to the occurrence of low birth weight.To do this we have conducted a study of descriptive, transversal and quantitative type, consisting of 87 recent mothers, with an average age of 31.2 years, with a weight gain of 10,1Kg during pregnancy, gestational age of 38.8 weeks and birth weight of 3,003Kg, of which 75.86% ingested coffee during pregnancy, an average of 1.3 cups per day.After analysing the data, this study has found that there is no statistically significant difference between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the weight of the newborn.However the small size of the sample is considered the major limitation of the study.Based on the results of other conducted studies, the recommendations related to the maximum amount of caffeine consumption per day should be reviewed.Keywords: Caffeine; Pregnancy; Gestation; Newborn; Underweight newborn

Factors influencing foetal growth in pregnancy complicated by diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Sathish Kumar S. ◽  
Anandhi A. ◽  
Luke Ravi Chelliah ◽  
Karthick A. R.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus represents a metabolically altered fetal environment due to an increased maternal supply of carbohydrates. It leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia and stimulates insulin-sensitive tissue, predominantly of the abdomen, resulting in increased fetal growth and delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns. Implications of fetal hyperinsulinemia reach far beyond delivery. Children of mothers with diabetes in pregnancy are predisposed to develop obesity and glucose intolerance through a non-genetic “fuel-mediated” mechanism. The objective of the present study was to study the “fetal growth pattern at different periods of pregnancy complicated by diabetes” and to identify the factors that influence the fetal growth pattern in pregnancy complicated by diabetesMethods: 69 pregnant women with diabetes and 34 pregnant women without diabetes were included in the study by random sampling. Maternal parameters such as age, parity, height, weight at registration, and weight gain during pregnancy, BMI at the time of registration of pregnancy and at the time of delivery, detailed diabetic profile and management including meal plan, insulin administration and dosage were recorded. The fetuses were monitored for Biparietal diameter, abdomen circumference, femur length by 2 ultrasound examinations, one at 18-22 weeks and another at 28-32 weeks were performed. Soon after delivery, sex, gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of the newborn were recorded and infants were classified as LGA/SGA/AGA.Results: Maternal age, parity, BMI at the time of delivery and maternal weight gain had significant influence on the birth weight. The abdominal circumference of the fetus detected at 18-20 and 28-32 ultrasound scans had a very significant correlation with neonatal mean birth weight percentile. Conclusions: Not all babies born to diabetic mothers are macrosomic. SGA babies were not uncommon in pregnancies with diabetes especially in those who did not have significant micro vasculopathy. Maternal nutrition plays a significant key role in determining birth weight of babies even in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy for breast cancer during pregnancy induces vascular alterations and impaired development of placental villi: a preliminary histopathological study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Del Gobbo ◽  
Giovanna Scarfone ◽  
Fedro Alessandro Peccatori ◽  
Antonella Villa ◽  
Wally Ossola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Placental Villi ◽  
Fetal Malformations

Abstract Breast cancer is diagnosed in approximately 1/3000 pregnant women. Chemotherapy may be administered after the first trimester, with improved maternal outcome and relatively few pregnancy and offspring complications. Nonetheless, no information about the effects of different chemotherapy regimens on placenta architecture and vasculature are available. Methods To evaluate histological alterations in placentas of women affected by breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy, we retrospectively analyzed 23 placentas of patients affected by breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy and 23 control placentas of women without breast cancer and with physiological pregnancies of the same gestational age. Results All the patients had breast ductal infiltrating carcinoma, 19 of 23 cases had a G3 cancer. All patients were treated with 2-6 cycles of chemotherapy starting after 16 weeks of gestation, with different protocols. No hypertensive complications and no pre-eclampsia episodes were observed; birth weight was consistent with gestational age in all babies in both group with no uneventful outcomes and no perinatal mortality or fetal malformations. Twenty out of 23 cases (86%) showed hypoxia-induced villous alterations, including increased syncytial knotting (Tenney-Parker changes), perivillar fibrin deposits, distal villous hypoplasia or accelerated maturation and focal villous chorangiosis. These alterations were found in 19 out of 23 controls (83%), with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions These results shows that chemotherapy in the second and third trimester of pregnancy may lead to non-specific alterations in placental vasculature and morphology.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Maternal Anemia in Cases of Fetal Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Tawfik ◽  
Shaimaa R. Abdelmaksoud ◽  
Ghada M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Haematocrit Level ◽  
Maternal Anemia ◽  
Anemic Patient ◽  
Significant Difference

Anemia can be defined as a state of inadequate O2 delivery to tissues due to reduction of the O2 carrying capacity of blood practically, anemia is diagnosed when there is reduction in the hemoglobin concentration or haematocrit level below normal values. Iron deficiency anemia is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age in most of developing countries approximately 50% of pregnant women and 35% of non pregnant women are anemic. These nutritional disorders, has profound negative effects on pregnancy outcome, health of mothers and babies. The objective of this study: Is to evaluate the maternal anemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for fetal growth restriction. The study was done this study conducted on 120 pregnant women. Pregnant women with inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy, Gestational age more than 28 week and Hb level less than 10mg/dl. We exclude multiple pregnancy, Gestational age less than 28 week, Hb level more than 10 mg/dl and other medical disorder with pregnancy. The results of this study reveal the following: There was significant difference between group 1, 2, 3, 4 as regard to Hb level, (PCV), (MCV), (MCH), (MCHC), (Ht) and (CBC). The restriction of fatal growth was significant lower in sever anemic patient rather than mild or moderate anemic patient In conclusions: The result of this study shows that there was restriction of fatal growth was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group also, incidence of low birth weight and risk of fatal morbidity or mortality was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group.

scholarly journals Gestational Weight Gain among Healthy Pregnant Women from Asia in Comparison with Institute of Medicine (IOM) Guidelines-2009: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Arora ◽  
Bani Tamber Aeri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Gestational Weight

In 1990, Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) ranges for women in the United States primarily to improve infant birth weight. Changes in key aspects of reproductive health of women of child bearing age, a rising prevalence of obesity, and noncommunicable diseases prompted the revision of IOM guidelines in 2009. However, there is no such recommendation available for Asian women. This systematic review assesses the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among Indian and other Asian pregnant women in terms of maternal and fetal outcomes. 624 citations were identified using PubMed and Google Scholar, out of which 13 were included. Prospective/retrospective studies of healthy Asian women with a singleton pregnancy which specifically examined fetal-maternal outcomes relative to IOM-2009 guidelines were included. Results. Majority of pregnant Indian women achieved less GWG than the recommendations whereas a mixed trend was noticed among the other Asian pregnant women. The most common fetal-maternal complications among the excessive GWG women were found to be macrosomia, large for gestational age and caesarean section followed by gestational diabetes and hypertension, whereas low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth, was found to be associated with low GWG women. The findings highlight the need for appropriate GWG limits across the different body mass index levels specifically for Indians and other Asian population. However, there are not enough publications regarding the utility of IOM-2009 guidelines among the Indian and other Asian women. Thus, higher-quality researches are warranted in future to further validate the findings of the present review.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP AMONG MATERNAL, PRENATAL AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN RANGELI MUNICIPALITY OF NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Asmita Mahato ◽  
Barsha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newborn Weight ◽  
The Mean

Background: The incidence of pregnancy complications may be due to risk factors during pregnancy. Whether maternal parameters like age, gravida/ parity, gestational age, and fetal heart rate have any influence to the delivery outcome and newborn weight is a big quest. A young age at birth is more common in Nepal and carries a less social stigma, and hence enforces this study to understand the impact. Objective and methodology: The objectives of this retrospective study were to evaluate the maternal and prenatal outcomes of pregnancies and the effects of the age of the pregnancy, gravida, gestational age, and newborn weight. Pregnant women giving birth in Rangeli Hospital, Morang (Nepal) in 2019 were retrospectively screened. Pregnant women of all age group were included in this study. Results: Mean maternal age for delivery of child was 22.45 ±0.225 years. 41.9% of study subjects were primigravida (G1), while 58.1% were multi-gravida (G2-4). The mean age of primigravida is 20.57 ±0.025 years. Mean gestational week, fetal heart rate (FHR), and newborn weight were 38.18 ±0.11, 140.91 ±0.43, and 2870.65 ±26.13 g respectively. Almost one-third (32.1%) of the newborn were preterm babies. 20.9% of the newborn child was low birth weight. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was seen in 90.7% of the pregnancy while 7.9% had caesarean section. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was seen of age with gravida, parity, and newborn weight. Newborn weight was significantly related to gestational age. There is no significant difference between the mean maternal age of mother delivering preterm baby or term-baby. No significant difference in the mean age of the mother or the mean gestational duration between male and female children could be established. Significant mean differences were seen in the maternal age of LBW child and normal birth weight child.

scholarly journals Significance of pregnancy-associated plasma protein a (PAPP-a) concentration determination in the assessment of final outcome of pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Loncar ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic ◽  
Slobodan Arsenijevic
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is high molecular matrix metalloproteinase originally isolated in the serum of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to analyze the values of concentration of PAPP-A in assessment of progress and outcome of pregnancy in pregnant women diagnosed with threatening preterm delivery, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in relation to physiological pregnancy of the same gestational age. Methods. The study included 60 pregnant women that were divided into three groups according to gestational age and the diagnosis of imminent premature birth upon reception, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction as follows: the group I from 28 to 32 weeks of gestation, a total of 25 pregnant women, the group II from 33 to 36 weeks of gestation, a total of 23 pregnant women, and the group III from 37 to 41 weeks of gestation, a total of 12 pregnant women. The control group consisted of 60 pregnant women without complications of pregnancy that were identically divided into three groups according to gestational age as in the sample. We performed quantitative determination of PAPP-A from the venous blood of patients by using commercial tests of the company Diagnostics Product Corporation (DPC), Los Angeles, California, USA. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in PAPP-A values in the examined groups in all gestational ages (p < 0.01). The value of the PAPP-A concentration in different gestational ages with equal statistical significance indicated the possibility of complications, which was examined during pregnancy in relation to the control group of pregnant women with physiological pregnancies. This study confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in fetal body weight at birth (p < 0.05), Apgar score in 5 min after birth (p < 0.05), and gestational age at birth (p < 0.05), as parameters of the outcome of pregnancy course, between the examined groups of pregnant women in relation to the value of PAPP-A concentration. The age of pregnant women was not statistically different in the examined groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Differences in PAPP-A concentration should point out to the obstetrician the need for more intensive antepartum fetal surveillance in order to increase the chances of favorable perinatal outcome, regardless gestational age.

scholarly journals Association of Calcium Supplementation During Pregnancy with the Birth Weight of Single-Born Neonates in Rural Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1106-1106
Author(s):  
Gao Xiangyu ◽  
Mi Baibing ◽  
Dang Shaonong ◽  
Yan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Birth Weight Percentile ◽  
Weight Percentile

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy with the birth weight of single-born neonates. Methods The survey employed a multistage, stratified and random sampling to investigate 15–49 aged pregnant women in 2010 to 2013 in Shaanxi province. A self - designed questionnaire was utilized. Birth weight between the 10(th) and 90(th) percentile was classified as appropriate for gestational age(AGA) infants. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association of calcium supplementation with single-born neonatal birth weight. Results A total of 28,490 women was enrolled in this study, 17 349 (60.9%) of participants had calcium supplementation during pregnancy. The incidence rates of small and large gestational age infants were 13.5% and 8.3%, respectively. The study conducted that calcium supplementation had a statistically significant difference in SGA (birth weight percentile &lt;10) (P &lt; 0.01). After adjusting the regression models by confounding factors, we found that calcium supplementation was still protective towards SGA birth, the difference was statistically significant (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.96, P &lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the birth to LGA (birth weight percentile &lt;10). Conclusions Calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of SGA, but was not associated with the birth of LGA. Funding Sources

scholarly journals Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Muliana Edi ◽  
Yit Chin ◽  
Fui Woon ◽  
Geeta Appannah ◽  
Poh Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
At Home

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome during the First COVID 19 Lockdown in Vienna, Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kirchengast ◽  
Beda Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Live Births

The COVID 19 pandemic represents a major stress factor for non-infected pregnant women. Although maternal stress during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction, an increasing number of studies yielded no negative effects of COVID 19 lockdowns on pregnancy outcome. The present study focused on pregnancy outcome during the first COVID 19 lockdown phase in Austria. In particular, it was hypothesized that the national lockdown had no negative effects on birth weight, low birth weight rate and preterm birth rate. In a retrospective medical record-based single center study, the outcome of 669 singleton live births in Vienna Austria during the lockdown phase between March and July 2020 was compared with the pregnancy outcome of 277 live births at the same hospital during the pre-lockdown months of January and February 2020 and, in addition, with the outcome of 28,807 live births between 2005 and 2019. The rate of very low gestational age was significantly lower during the lockdown phase than during the pre-lockdown phase. The rate of low gestational age, however, was slightly higher during the lockdown phase. Mean birth weight was significantly higher during the lockdown phase; the rates of low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight were significantly lower during the lockdown phase. In contrast, maternal gestational weight gain was significantly higher during the lockdown phase. The stressful lockdown phase in Austria seems to have no negative affect on gestational length and newborn weight among non-infected mothers.

The effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedure for alleviation of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran country

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Saadatnia ◽  
Azita Tiznobaik ◽  
Amir Saber
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Objectives Nausea and vomiting have psychological negative effects on some pregnant women during gestation. Different strategies have been used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, such as acupressure and psychological interventions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedures on vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran. Methods Two hundred and eight women were divided into four groups (n=52): 1) they did not any intervention (control group), 2) they received the psychological intervention, 3) they received acupressure intervention, and 4) they received a combination of psychological + acupressure interventions. To investigate the effects of interventions on nausea and vomiting, the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching were used. The counseling period has lasted for 4 weeks. The pressure intervention on the site was conducted in clockwise form for 1 min and anticlockwise form for another 1 min. Results Groups did not have a significant difference for abortion and income (p>0.05). The effects of counseling, and acupressure interventions on severity and period of vomiting and nausea were not significant (p>0.05), but the intervention based on counseling and acupressure decreased severity of vomiting and nausea (p<0.05). Conclusions The intervention based on counseling and acupressure could not reduce nausea and vomiting during the gestation, but the intervention based on a combination of both decreased nausea and vomiting. It can be suggested to apply an intervention based on a combination of counseling and acupressure in short-time period for decreasing nausea and vomiting in women during pregnancy.

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