scholarly journals Assessment of Awareness and Behavioural Patterns among Children Regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kalaskar ◽  
Shruti Balasubramanian ◽  
Ashita Kalaskar
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire across the globe affecting all the age-groups. Children usually present with mild symptoms or may even remain asymptomatic. Due to the asymptomatic presentation, they may act as silent carriers and aid in the spread of infection, hence prompting greater vigilance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to increase awareness among children and alter their habits in order to curb the pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among children regarding coronavirus infection and the behavioural changes they wish to make post-COVID-19. Additionally, it also recorded the recommendations of children for their schools to curb the COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 private school going children across India in 9-15 years age group. Questionnaire was circulated via online platform which assessed the level of awareness regarding COVID-19, its influence on their behavioural patterns and recommendations of children for their schools. The mean knowledge scores were recorded for first part and chi-square test was employed to evaluate the changes in behaviour before and after COVID-19 for second part. For the third part, percentage for each response was determined. Data was compiled in MS Office Excel sheet (version 2019, Microsoft Redmond Campus, Redmond, Washington, United States). Statistical analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0( SPSS) software. Results: The average knowledge score was 85.50%. This increased awareness among children was reflected in the statistically significant difference in their behavioural patterns before and after COVID-19 (p-value <0.05) and also in the recommendations given by children to their schools. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study assessing the awareness of COVID-19 in children and its impact on their behaviour pattern. Children showed good knowledge about COVID-19 with the average knowledge score of the entire sample being 85.50% and also wished to make changes in their behaviour post-COVID-19. Additionally, schools are also required to make numerous amendments in their functioning in order to provide a safe environment. This study will serve as a basis for future awareness programmes which could be directed towards children belonging to various socioeconomic status and educational backgrounds highlighting the aspects in which they lack knowledge.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene practices and knowledge among children of age 10-13 years in a private school in Chennai, South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4093
Author(s):  
Aravind Sunderavel Kumaravel Kanagavelu ◽  
Arun Chandran ◽  
Jaya Brinda
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Oral health is an important and proven determinant of overall health and quality of life. It is well established that oral health and non-communicable diseases share common risk factors. Our study was designed to assess the practice and knowledge of oral health among 10-13 years old because at this age, lifelong beliefs and essential skills are developed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by randomly selecting students from V to VIII standards in a private school. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results were analysed using ‘Jamovi’ software with 'Pearson Chi-square test’ and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the 210 students, only around 1/3rd of the students used both brush with toothpaste, and dental floss to clean their teeth. 123 (58.6%) students brushed twice a day. The association between the frequency of brushing and the age groups was statistically significant. Gender played a role in the duration of brushing.Conclusions: It can be noted from our study that the oral practices and knowledge was better in 10-11 years olds than the 12-13-year olds and better in girls than in boys. Thus, oral education must be tailor made based on the calibre of a particular group instead of ‘one for all’ method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions about Pharmacovigilance Activities among Pharmacy Students in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Osemene Kanayo Patrick ◽  
Afolabi Margaret Olubunmi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Studies on pharmacovigilance (PV) activities in Nigeria focused on perceptions of PV among professional healthcare workers are described here. There is paucity of information on pharmacy students’ knowledge about PV activities. Hence, this study, evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of final year pharmacy students about PV activities using descriptive and inferential statistics. A cross sectional study was undertaken in three Nigerian universities with a pretested questionnaire during the period of January and February, 2016. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions on demographic variables and questions designed to achieve the objectives of the study. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and presented in percentages, means, standard deviations and median at 50% percentile. The mean knowledge score of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reporting for the final year students was 4.25±0.18. There were significant differences in the mean scores of knowledge domain by age groups 21-24 years 4.8±0.70, 25-30 years 6.2 ± 0.84 and >30 years 4.6±0.72 at p=0.001; gender: male 4.1±1.20 and female 4.4±0.98 at (p=0.0001) as well as the current universities attended as follows University 1 with a scrore of 5.1±1.03, University 2 had a mean score of 6.3±0.99 at p=0.0120 and University 3 with a mean score of 4.3±1.01 at p=0.012. Furthermore, significant difference exist in the mean values of pharmacovigilance knowledge between those who had taking some courses in pharmacovigilance (7.3± 0.22) and those who did not (4.7 ± 0.13) at p=0.0001. Generally, the students had inadequate knowledge of PV activities. Therefore, emphasis on relevant PV courses in their curriculum is necessary.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 1-13, 2017

scholarly journals DERMAL PAPILLAE;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Baqar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.

scholarly journals Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis Awareness and Knowledge among the Community of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyas K. Farran ◽  
Dania S. Waggas ◽  
Tala A. Alkhunani ◽  
Safwan A. Almuwallad ◽  
Rola A. Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that can lead to lifelong disabilities. There is a significant increase in the global incidence of the disease. In Saudi Arabia (SA), the western region has the greatest number of MS cases. However, there is a lack of studies and research to assess public knowledge in the region. Thus, we aim to assess the public's knowledge of MS in Jeddah, SA. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study surveying 468 participants from the general population of Jeddah. A validated MS knowledge questionnaire (MSKQ-25) was used. Results Most participants were female 347 (74.1%) with a mean age of 35.73 ± 14.71 standard deviation (SD). MS was found in 14 (3%) of the participants. The average score of the (MSKQ) was 7.42 SD ± 4.568 versus the average score of people with MS with a mean of 13.92 SD ± 3.33 and a p value > 0.001. No significant variation was found in knowledge between gender and age groups, but there was a significant correlation between the educational level and the knowledge level. Conclusion The mean knowledge score was below average, which indicates poor knowledge of MS. Since the western region has the highest number of MS cases in SA, the level of understanding needs to increase. This can be improved by conducting educational programs using various types of media.

scholarly journals Knowledgeof Dermatology Residents on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fadil Mohammad ◽  
Ahmad Alhaj ◽  
Ali Al Ajimi ◽  
Abdulhadi Jfri ◽  
Elzibeth O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world leading to a global pandemic. As a result, all healthcare workers have been profoundly affected. Objectives: The goal of our study is to identify the level of knowledge and the effect of COVID-19 on dermatology residents. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in which 77 dermatology residents from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Canada completed an online questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: one general information about the resident and three on knowledge, safety measures and impact of COVID-19, with a total of 26 questions. The questionnaire was scored out of 10 with those above the mean considered as having satisfactory knowledge. Results: The mean (SD) knowledge score was 6.25 (1.6). There was a statistically significant difference noted between the GCC countries and Canada in terms of the knowledge score (p-value=0.035). Only 14% of dermatology residents felt competent in managing COVID-19 patients. Seventy percent felt that the pandemic has negatively affected their dermatology training. Conclusion: Dermatology residents demonstrated a difference in knowledge score in relation to the geographic location of the program. Almost 46% of residents illustrated a satisfactory knowledge score about COVID-19. Only a small percentage of residents are confident in treating COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, the need for improved education of residents regarding COVID-19 before redeployment is warranted.

scholarly journals Attitude, Awareness, and Knowledge of Saudi Citizens towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim Region – Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽  
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Salem ◽  
Khalid Abdulrahman Al-shetaily ◽  
Fawziah Hassan Al-Owayyid
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
The Mean

Cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the Attitudes and awareness level of Citizens towards COVID-19 vaccination in Qassim region.  The present study’s results showed that awareness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim region- Saudi Arabia shows that the mean score of awareness was 3.49 (SD 0.864) out of 5.   Regarding vaccination decision among Saudi citizens in Qassim region, (22.7%) of the participants were undecided, (14.7%) refused, and (62.6%) agreed to get a vaccine against COVID-19. Reason for vaccine refusal mainly was they don't believe the vaccine. 96 Participants (32.0%) were working in the healthcare sector, (44.8%) of them had received the COVID-19 Vaccine, and (38.5%) refused. The level of awareness among healthcare participants was (80.2%). The average knowledge score was 3.49 (SD =.864) out of a possible 5. Participants who reported having a graduate level of education had a considerably higher mean knowledge score. The mean score of attitudes was 1.95 (SD=1.176) out of 5, with majority of positive attitude score 62.7%. ((65.7% They received the first dose, and 6.0% they received the first dose and second dose)). Participants with age group 55 years and above years, are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other age groups. Married persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Participants with graduate educational level are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other educational levels. Employed persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Whereas, there is no relation between age and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value= 0.140). As well, there is no relation between employed citizens and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value =0.136), and there is relation between marital status and awareness among Saudi citizens (P-value = 0.013).

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Ravishekar N Hiremath1 ◽  
Shailaja S Patil ◽  
Arun K Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of people living with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHAs) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and their knowledge with respect to role of nutrition in maintaining their health and to know the association of various factors with nutritional status and knowledge among PLHAs attending ART centers.Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out at ART center of a tertiary care institution in Maharashtra. A total of 104 PLHAs who were started on ART for the 1st time and completed minimum 6 months of treatment and who gave consent were included in the study. Data were collected by personal interview technique after taking informed consent with the help of pre-tested, prevalidated questionnaire with predetermined scoring system along with anthropometric measurements and relevant investigations maintaining strict confidentiality. Those with <50% scores were marked as unsatisfactory and more than 50% as satisfactory. Data were entered into Excel Sheet and were analyzed with SPSS 17.1 software.Results: In our study, 51.92% of the study participants were female, mean age was 38.5±9.6, 14.42% were illiterate, 32% had undergone primary education, and equally had secondary education. 16.35% were drivers and almost all were married (96.15%). Mean hemoglobin (Hb%) before and after ART was 10.45±2.13 and 10.64±2.16, while mean CD4 count before and after ART was 177.26±146.52 and 413.69±266.25, respectively, while post-ART mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.55±3.07. Majority (75%) were on ART for more than 12 months. Majority (65.38%) had unsatisfactory score with respect to overall knowledge regarding nutrition. 28.85% were underweight and 2.88% obese; while 17.31% were overweight and rest were normal. 46.15% were anemic. Statistical significant difference was noted among age, educational status, marital status, knowledge score, and anemia status with respect to BMI. Logistic regression with BMI as an outcome showed that age binary had some association. It means that there are 2.7 times odds of normal BMI in higher age group. Statistically significant difference was also noted in mean CD4 count before and after ART therapy. Regression analysis showed that CD4 count post-ART depends on pre-ART CD4 count, ART duration, and gender of the individual. With each unit increases in pre-ART CD4 and ART duration, there is increase of 0.44 and 4.5 units in after ART CD4. Post-ART CD4 count increased more among females compared to males in our study.Conclusion: There exists a wide gap in PLHAs knowledge regarding nutritional aspects. The study also shows that good nutrition has good influence on CD4 count. PLHAs belonging to higher age 40 years, married, and educated, those who had better knowledge score and good Hb% had better nutrition. Therefore, there is an urgent need for nutritional interventions like frequent health educational sessions on nutrition to increase the knowledge of PLHAs can be emphasized during each follow-up visit at ART centers. There is a need to identify PLHAs with no or minimum nutritional support and provides nutritional supplementation, for which planning and policy section needs adequate research evidences from India.

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Amna Khan ◽  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Hamayun Anwar ◽  
Sajid Shamim ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.

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