scholarly journals Mandibular morphology and pharyngeal airway space: A cephalometric study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Mehta ◽  
Surendra Lodha ◽  
Ashima Valiathan ◽  
Arun Urala
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism

Introduction Mandibular retrognathism is considered to be the most important risk factor for upper airway obstruction. Aim This cross-sectional study intended to examine the relationship between craniofacial morphology and the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in patients with mandibular retrognathism and mandibular prognathism, when compared to normal subjects. The study also analyzed the influence of mandibular morphology on pharyngeal length (PL). Materials and Methods The PAS was assessed in 92 females (age 15-30 years) further divided into three groups - Group 1- normal mandible (76°≤ SNB ≤82°; n = 31); Group 2-mandibular retrognathism (SNB <76°; n = 31); Group 3-Mandibular prognathism (SNB >82°; n = 30). All subjects were examined by lateral cephalometry with head position standardized using an inclinometer. Craniocervical angulation, uvula length, thickness and angulation were compared among different groups. Results The results showed no statistically significant difference in the pharyngeal airway between the three groups. Measurements of PL showed statistically significant higher values for retrognathic mandible group than normal and prognathic mandible group. Conclusion There is no significant difference between PAS between patients with mandibular retrognathism, normal mandible and mandibular prognathism. Mandibular retrognathism patients show a significantly higher uvula angulation than patients with mandibular prognathism. Craniocervical angulation showed maximum value in retrognathic mandible group followed by normal and prognathic mandible group respectively. Mean PL for retrognathic mandible patients was significantly higher than prognathic mandible patients.

scholarly journals Association between normative and perceived esthetic results after treatment of mandibular retrognathism

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauco André MARQUES ◽  
Carolina Carmo de MENEZES ◽  
Giovana Cherubini VENEZIAN ◽  
José Fernando Castanha HENRIQUES ◽  
Silvia Amélia Scudeler VEDOVELLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Patient Perception ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia

Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Objective this cross-sectional study aimed to associate the normative cephalometric results of mandibular retrognathism treatment with patient perception on the esthetic improvement of facial profile. Material and method The normative cephalometric results were obtained from lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 24 Class II malocclusion patients in the pubertal growth spurt. Such patients were treated with a mandibular advancement device and evaluated by comparing pre- and post-treatment variables. The same radiographs were used to produce standardized black silhouettes that were randomly arranged. Patients were instructed to choose their preferred profile and indicate the changes perceived using a 7-point Likert scale. The data were compared with cephalometric results using a mixed-model methodology for time-repeated measures, Student’s t-test, and t-test for heterogeneous variances, at 5% significance level. Result A rate of 75% of patients preferred post-treatment silhouettes and changes were perceived regardless of the choice of either pre- or post-treatment profile. There was no significant difference between the cephalometric variables of the tracings that produced the silhouettes considered better or worse after the evaluation. Conclusion There was no association between the cephalometric results after treatment and the perception of esthetic improvement by patients treated for mandibular retrognathia.

scholarly journals Repeatability of the Evaluation of Perception of Dyspnea in Normal Subjects Assessed Through Inspiratory Resistive Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia K Fernandes ◽  
Bruna Ziegler ◽  
Glauco L Konzen ◽  
Paulo R.S Sanches ◽  
André F Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

Purpose: Study the repeatability of the evaluation of the perception of dyspnea using an inspiratory resistive loading system in healthy subjects. Methods: We designed a cross sectional study conducted in individuals aged 18 years and older. Perception of dyspnea was assessed using an inspiratory resistive load system. Dyspnea was assessed during ventilation at rest and at increasing resistive loads (0.6, 6.7, 15, 25, 46.7, 67, 78 and returning to 0.6 cm H2O/L/s). After breathing in at each level of resistive load for two minutes, the subject rated the dyspnea using the Borg scale. Subjects were tested twice (intervals from 2 to 7 days). Results: Testing included 16 Caucasian individuals (8 male and 8 female, mean age: 36 years). The median scores for dyspnea rating in the first test were 0 at resting ventilation and 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7 and 1 point, respectively, with increasing loads. The median scores in the second test were 0 at resting and 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4 and 0.5 points, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.57, 0.80, 0.74, 0.80, 0.83, 0.86, 0.91, and 0.92 for each resistive load, respectively. In a generalized linear model analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of resistive loads (p<0.001) and between tests (p=0.003). Dyspnea scores were significantly lower in the second test. Conclusion: The agreement between the two tests of the perception of dyspnea was only moderate and dyspnea scores were lower in the second test. These findings suggest a learning effect or an effect that could be at least partly attributed to desensitization of dyspnea sensation in the brain.

Upper Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Product ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Postnasal Drip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Pathophysiology RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK INTAKE AND MUCUS PRODUCTION IN ADULT VOLUNTEERS CHALLENGED WITH RHINOVIRUS-2 Pinnock CB, Graham NM, Mylvaganam A, Douglas RM. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141:352-356. Purpose of the Study This study was performed to investigate the widely held belief that "milk produces mucus." Study Population Included in the study were 60 adult volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years, who were nonsmokers, free of respiratory disease, and not taking regular medication. Methods Cross-sectional Study Design. After completing a personal history and dietary questionnaire, subjects were inoculated with Rhinovirus-2 and then lived communally for 10 days with food supplied by a caterer. At the onset of symptoms subjects were randomized to take either aspirin (4 g), paracetanol (4 g), ibuprofen (1.2 g), or placebo. Subjects recorded on a 4-point scale the severity of the following symptoms: runny nose, blocked nose, postnasal drip, loose cough, dry cough, and congestion. In addition, nasal secretion weights were measured by weighing tissues before and after use. Findings Fifty-six volunteers were infected successfully and shed virus on at least 4 days. Data were analyzed on 51 patients for whom satisfactory diaries were kept. There was no significant difference in overall symptoms or mucus production in the 4 treatment groups. However, patients taking aspirin, paracetamol, and ibuprofen reported higher nasal obstruction scores (P = .022) and experienced more nasal tubinate swelling (P = .026) than did those taking placebo. When present, a nonsignificant trend was observed for the patients' cough to be loose with increasing dairy product intake.

scholarly journals Assessment of the difference in detection of pleasant and unpleasant odors in different grades of hyposmia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer M. Attia ◽  
Ahmad M. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olfactory Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Olfaction is a complex process involving different neurological mechanisms with a correlation between the chemical structure and quality of odors regarding pleasantness. This study aimed to compare the detection of pleasant and unpleasant odors in different grades of hyposmia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted preceded by a preliminary pilot study, including 20 normal subjects without a history of hyposmia. The pilot study was carried out using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) with the assessment of pleasantness of odors using a visual analog scale (VAS). Fifty patients diagnosed with organic hyposmia/anosmia were included in the main study and assessed for the degree of hyposmia/anosmia using UPSIT. The number of detected odors out of the five odors with highest VAS for pleasantness and five odors with lowest VAS for pleasantness, as detected by the pilot study, for every patient was assessed and compared. Results There was a significant difference between the detection of pleasant and unpleasant odors in mild, moderate, and severe hyposmia (p value = 0.02, 0.005, and 0.03 respectively) with a highly significant difference in the whole study group ( p < 0.00001) with more loss of ability to detect unpleasant odors compared with pleasant odors. Conclusion The current study showed significantly less ability to detect unpleasant odors compared with pleasant odors in different grades of hyposmia. This finding suggests that the pattern of degeneration of the olfactory sense organ is not uniform with the topographic nature of the olfactory membrane.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Hyperreflective Dots (HRD) in Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3154
Author(s):  
Bing Seng Wong ◽  
Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur ◽  
Nor Fariza Ngah ◽  
Rajan Rajasudha Sawri
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Hyperreflective dots (HRD) are activated retinal microglial cells induced by retinal inflammation in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to compare the HRD count of normal and diabetic subjects; to determine the correlation between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and HRD count; to determine HbA1c cut-off levels for the appearance of HRD in diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among normal and diabetic patients. Fundus photos, SD-OCT images and HbA1c levels were taken. A total of 25 normal subjects, 32 diabetics without retinopathy and 26 mild-to-moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) diabetics were recruited. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean count of HRD among the normal group, the diabetic without retinopathy group and the mild-to-moderate NPRD group. The mean HRD count in the inner retina layer was significantly higher compared to the outer retina layer. There was a significant linear relationship between the HbA1c levels and HRD count. Using the receiver operating curve, the HbA1c level of 5.4% was chosen as the cut-off point for the appearance of HRD. The positive linear correlation between the HbA1c levels and the appearance of HRD may indicate that hyperglycemia could activate retina microglial cells in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hong ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Xinxiao Gao ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract Background: Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to investigate choroidal vascular sublayers in Chinese pre-eclampsia (PE) and healthy pregnancy. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study, including 20 normal subjects, 23 healthy pregnancy and 37 patients with PE. Using SD-OCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)， 750μm nasal and temporal to the fovea, 1500μm nasal and temporal to the fovea（T1500, T750, SFCT, N750, N1500）and sublayers (choriocapillaris/Sattler layer and Haller layer) were measured. Results: There was no significant difference in mean age, spherical equivalent among the three groups (P=0.532). Additionally, no significant difference in the gestational age between the healthy pregnancy and PE group was found (P=0.783). Significant differences were seen in large choroid vessel thickness(LCVT), medium choroidal vessel thickness (MCVT) and choroidal thickness (CT) at 5 locations among three groups (P<0.05). There was significant increase in healthy pregnancy group than in normal subjects at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT and MCVT (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed at T1500CT and LCVT (P>0.05). Meanwhile, significant increase was detected in PE group than in healthy pregnancy group at N1500-CT, N750-CT, SFCT, T750-CT, T1500CT and LCVT (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed at MCVT(P=0.709). Conclusion: Our study revealed the variation of choroidal vascular sublayers during pregnancy and PE. Key words: Pre-eclampsia, subfoveal choroidal thickness, choroidal sublayers, optical coherence tomography

scholarly journals RELATION BETWEEN SAGITTAL POSITION OF THE MANDIBLE AND PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY VOLUME IN ADULTS USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Sherif Farag ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Adel Nadim ◽  
Abaddi Adel Elkadi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽  
Mandibular Position ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism

Introduction: Many authors have discussed the relationship between craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway spaces in different malocclusions and skeletal patterns. So the aim of this work was to study the relation between sagittal position of the mandible and pharyngeal airway volume in adults using CBCT. Materials And Methods:Twentyone CBCT radiographs were collected from the archive of Radiology Department at Suez Canal University and were divided into 3 groups according to the measured SNB angle. Group 1 normal mandibular position, group 2 retrognathic mandible and group 3 prognathic mandible. Dolphin 3D imaging software was used to measure the airway volume for all the radiographs. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and total pharyngeal airway volumes were measured for all the radiographs. F-test (ANOVA) was used for comparison between groups and Tukey test for pairwise comparisons. Correlations between variables were tested using PearsonÂ’s correlation coefficient. Results: there was statistically significant difference in the mean total pharyngeal airway volume and oropharyngeal airway volumes between the three groups. Nasopharyngeal airway volume and hypopharyngeal airway volume had non-significant difference between groups. There was a significant positive correlation between total pharyngeal airway volume (mm3) and SNB angle. Conclusion: Pharyngeal airway volume differs with different sagittal positions of the mandible. Pharyngeal airway volume decreases with mandibular retrognathism and increases with mandibular prognathism.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavathami Meenaksh ◽  
Chitraa R. Chandran ◽  
Aravindhan Thathchari Ranganathan ◽  
Kavindapadi Venkateswaran Rama ◽  
Valarmathy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Copper Zinc

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.

Postpartum Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women in Bandar Abbas City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bandar Abbas

Background: Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Result: Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

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