scholarly journals Colouristic criteria of S-matrix of the precarpathians brownish-podzolic gleyed soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
V. A. Nikorych ◽  
I. V. Chervonogrodska
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
System L ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
International Systems ◽  
Munsell Scale ◽  
Munsell System

The scientific literature dedicated to the analysis of peculiarities of the soils colouring and interconnection the genetic horizons colour as well as separate morphological elements with their properties have been analyzed. The identification of colour of genetic horizons in 20 profiles of brownish-podzolic gleyed soils of Ukrainian and Polish Precarpathians has been conducted. The colour of investigated genetic horizons and separate morphological elements was determined according to both national and international systems. The analysis of the appropriateness of national approaches rejecting and usage of the Munsell scale as a primary method for determining the soil samples colour has been carried out. The results of the survey of the respondents with different professional training ascertained that visual determination of colour range within morphological description of the soil is completely subjective. The correctness of procedure depends on the experience of soil scientists and colour homogeneity of the soil sample. Using of the Munsell scale reduces the errors in the determination by 70–80 %, which allows recommending the very approach as the principal one for the field descriptions. Change of the investigated soils colour depending on the level of humidity has been established. The peculiarity of soil mass colour range depending on the aggregation and fractions size has been found out. Based on the colouristic analysis it has been confirmed that chemical and mineralogical composition is the main factor of heterogeneity of the investigated soils horizons colour. It has been found out that heterogeneity of the colour range, and the appearing of bleached zones (as the result of iron removing) and fine dust on the surface of the aggregations is associated with gleying processes, impulse redox regime and metamorfization of soil mass. It has been established that interdependence between the complex of statistical and fractal parameters, which indicates the relative optical heterogeneity of architectonics of the investigated soils ultra thin cuts which are characterized by optical heterogeneity on the macro-level. The processes of morphogenesis of self-similar elements of their architectonics cause the asymmetry and fluctuations of relative data and increasing of the half-width of the autocorrelation functions of orientation tomograms. Red and green shades are shown to be the basic components of the sample colour. Red ones are determined by red colour pigments, and the combination of red and green shades provides the formation of yellow tones. The possibility of data conversion from the Munsell system into the CIE-L*a*b* system with minor deviations has been shown. 2,5Y5 / 4 in Munsell system corresponds to the following data in the CIE-L*a*b* system: L* = 41,23; a* = 5,59; b* = 20,06 (manual calculation) and L* = 41,22, a* = 4,97, b* = 19,44 (automatic transfer using the computer program Munsell Conversion 4.01).

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF LEACHING PROCESS OF RED MUD IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE KINETICS PARAMETERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. M. Dos Passos ◽  
B. M. Viegas ◽  
E. N. Macêdo ◽  
J. A. S. Souza ◽  
E. M. Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Iron Leaching ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The use of the waste of the Bayer process, red mud, is due to its chemical and mineralogical composition that shows a material rich in oxides of iron, titanium and aluminum. Some studies conducted show that this waste can be applied as a source of alternative raw material for concentration and subsequent recovery of titanium compounds from an iron leaching process, which is present in higher amounts, about 30% by weight. To obtain a greater understanding about the leaching kinetics, the information of the kinetic data of this process is very important. In this context, the main objective of this work is the development of a mathematical model that is able to fit the experimental data (conversion / extraction iron, titanium and aluminum) of the leaching process by which is possible to obtain the main kinetic parameters such as the activation energy and the velocity of chemical reactions as well as the controlling step of the process. The development of the mathematical model was based on the model of core decreasing. The obtained model system of ordinary differential equations was able to fit the experimental data obtained from the leaching process, enabling the determination of the controlling step, the rate constants and the activation energies of the leaching process.

scholarly journals On agro-industrial assessment of territorial lands of Tartar region (on the example of Borsunlu village)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Sahib Omarov
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aerospace Images

Annotation: Due to the climatic features of Azerbaijan, its soil is subject to severe erosion. Thus, eroded (washed, loosened, loosened, etc.) soils are often found in the country. This is explained by the fact that, as is clear from the morphological description of the section in the study area, the color of the soil here is brown in the upper layer, light brown in the middle layer, and straw in the last layer. The structure is heavy clayey in the upper layer, medium clayey in the middle layer and in the last layer. Roots and rhizomes, insect tracts, rust spots are found in new derivatives and fruits. These soils are boiled under the influence of 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). Hygroscopic moisture is less moisture throughout the profile. The transitions in the genetic layers are clear and gradual.It should be noted that in general, erosion processes lead to erosion and destruction of the topsoil. According to the results of laboratory analysis of soil samples on different soil types from different experimental areas, the actual soil fertility determined for the suitability of different types of agricultural crops, a number of types of agricultural culture. grapes and clover-cheese.This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the degree of erosion of the land cover formed in the territory of the Tartar region of the Republic of Azerbaijan using aerospace images and studied.Key words: Soil-forming rocks, soil granulometric composition, physicochemical properties, soil mineralogical composition, soil profile, genetic layers, parent rock, erosion process.

scholarly journals Pedogenesis of a Retisol with fragipan in Karelia in the context of the Holocene landscape evolution

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilit Pogosyan ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Teresa Pi-Puig ◽  
Pavel Ryazantsev ◽  
Aleksander Rodionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

Fragipan is a compacted but non-cemented subsurface horizon, considered as a pedogenic horizon, but the mechanism of its formation is not well understood. The main hydro-consolidation hypothesis involves a collapse of soil structure when it is loaded and wet, resulting a reorganisation of pore space. Soils with fragipan never have been marked in Russian soil maps. In the South Karelia, located in Eastern Fennoscandia (34.50921 E and 61.33186 N, 110 m asl) we studied a soil profile of Albic Fragic Retisol (Cutanic), developed in the glacial till of Last Glaciation with flat subhorizontal topography under an aspen-spruce forest. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how the fragic horizon was formed in the Retisol located in South Karelia. Observations were made in each soil horizon using micromorphological method, particle size analysis and the study of mineralogical composition of clay fraction by X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the morphological description combined with the laboratory data have led us to the conclusion that the consolidation of the fragipan occurred after the textural differentiation of the profile, following the Atlantic Optimum, and does not depend on the presence of swelling clay minerals. The well-developed argic horizon was probably formed around 6000 years ago, under climatic conditions more favourable for clay illuviation than in present time. Fragipan is supposed to be developed during the Sub-Boreal cooling.

Characterization of Multicomponent Oxides System for Glazes Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Atkinson ◽  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Maria Zaharescu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Ceramic Substrate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Method ◽  
System L

This study aims to investigate the structure and properties of raw glazes with zirconium and boron addition for sanitary porcelain. To obtain the glazes under investigation the following raw materials were used: potassium feldspar, kaolin, wollastonite, quartz, colemanite, ZnO and ZrO2. The glazes were prepared by traditional ceramic method and the resulted suspension was applied on the green ceramic substrate and thermally treated in an electrical furnace with a treatment time of 1 hour at the maximum temperature of 12500C. The microstructure of the glazes and the glaze-ceramic substrate interfaces were evaluated by SEM and EDAX microanalysis, which showed the presence of zircon micro crystals. X-Ray diffraction revealed that the mineralogical composition of the glazes consisted of quartz, zircon, feldspar and colemanite phases. The correlation between the composition and properties of the glazes was established by hot stage microscopy and dilatometry (melt viscosity, contact angle and thermal expansion coefficient). The colour characteristics were estimated in the HunterLab system (L* C* h*, remission spectra).

scholarly journals An attempt of using soil grain size in calculating the capacity of water unavailable to plants / Próba wykorzystania uziarnienia gleby do obliczania zawartości wody niedostępnej dla roślin

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Brogowski ◽  
Wojciech Kwasowski
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Grain Size ◽  
Grain Size Fractions

Abstract The aim of this research was to finding methods of calculating the content of water unavailable to plants in the total soil mass based on the water properties of particular grain sizes. Fractions <0.02 mm bind from 90.1 to 98.8% of total water unavailable to plants in soils, and the clay fraction (<0.002 mm) alone binds from 52.1 to 80.1% of this water. Binding water in fractions <0.02 mm significantly depends on the mineralogical composition of fractions. The presence of illite, chlorite or kaolinite causes a decrease of capacity of water unavailable to plants by even 40% in relation to fractions composed of smectites, vermiculites, and humus. Due to high variability of the capacity of water unavailable to plants in particular grain size fractions <0.02 mm resulting from the variable mineralogical composition of this fraction, coefficients allowing to calculate the capacity of water unavailable to plants in soil microcapillaries below 0.2 μm show very high oscillation and could not be applicable.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE COMPOSITIONS FOR SPRAYED CONCRETE IN THE CONSRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
V. Alekseev ◽  
S. Bazhenova
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Sprayed Concrete

The formation of concrete structures by spraying method is widely used in the construction of underground structures. The technology of sprayed concrete (otherwise known as shotcrete) is widely used for fixing underground development, in the device of permanent lining of tunnels and collectors, as elements of shells and supporting structures of underground structures of urban infrastructure. Sprayed concrete makes it possible to widely vary the shape and thickness of design of underground structures, allowing to eliminate formwork and in some cases reinforcing. The creation of shotcrete structures with increased physical and mechanical properties, as well as technological parameters should be carried out taking into account the latest achievements in the field of construction materials science. The authors investigated the opti-mized compositions of sprayed concrete in which modified compound with optimally selected granulometric and mineralogical composition and the introduction of fiber into the concrete mixture are used as a binder. Due to the use of different degrees of stability in underground structures with a con-taining soil mass, the requirements for the characteristics of the spray tone can vary widely. Taking into account the spread of the " wet " method of spraying (where the finished concrete mixture is fed to the nozzle at a high speed), special requirements are placed on the rheological characteristics of the mixture and the deformation characteristics during bending (since the bearing capacity of the vaulted coatings depends directly on their ability to withstand loads in stretched zones), especially for lining of hard contour.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

Ultrastructure of periplasmic bodies in gram-negative bacteria

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
Xie Nianming ◽  
Ding Shaoqing ◽  
Wang Luping ◽  
Yuan Zenglin ◽  
Zhan Guolai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Brucella Canis

Perhaps the data about periplasmic enzymes are obtained through biochemical methods but lack of morphological description. We have proved the existence of periplasmic bodies by electron microscope and described their ultrastructures. We hope this report may draw the attention of biochemists and mrophologists to collaborate on researches in periplasmic enzymes or periplasmic bodies with each other.One or more independent bodies may be seen in the periplasmic space between outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, which we called periplasmic bodies. The periplasmic bodies have been found in seven species of bacteria at least, including the Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Shigella flexneri, Echerichia coli. Yersinia pestis, Campylobacter jejuni, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium tetani. Vibrio cholerae and Brucella canis.

Applications of SEM/EDXA in cement clinker investigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
Arezki Tagnit-Hamou ◽  
Shondeep L. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Proven Method ◽  
Instantaneous Chemical

All the desired properties of cement primarily depend on the physicochemical characteristics of clinker from which the cement is produced. The mineralogical composition of the clinker forms the most important parameter influencing these properties.Optical microscopy provides reasonably accurate information pertaining to the thermal history of the clinker, while XRDA still remains the proven method of phase identification, and bulk chemical composition of the clinker can be readily obtained from XRFA. Nevertheless, all these microanalytical techniques are somewhat limited in their applications, and SEM/EDXA combination fills this gap uniquely by virtue of its high resolution imaging capability and possibility of instantaneous chemical analysis of individual phases.Inhomogeneities and impurities in the raw meal, influence of kiln conditions such as sintering and cooling rate being directly related to the microstructure can be effectively determined by SEM/EDXA. In addition, several physical characteristics of cement, such as rhcology, grindability and hydraulicity also depend on the clinker microstructure.

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