scholarly journals Soil salinization processes in small-lake Ballestera wetland ecosystem (La Lantejuela, Seville, Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
F. Diaz del Olmo ◽  
J. M. Recio Espejo ◽  
C. Borja Barrera ◽  
R. Cámara Artiga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Confined Environment ◽  
Surface Crust ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

Salinization processes in soils with thermo-mediterranean-semiarid conditions within a confined environment (basin closed) are studied in Natural Reserve Ballestera small-lake ecosystems (Seville, Spain). Methodologically it is carried out a geopedological catena integrated by five drilling-profiles with depths between 0.20 and 1.50 m. A total of 21 pedo-sedimentary samples have been characterized through pH, electric conductivity, carbonates contents, magnetic susceptibility and texture determinations. The results show the presence of two different phases in the geopedological evolution of the ecosystem: one of them is previous to the geomorphological constitution of the existing wetland, characterized by carbonates and salts lateral lixiviation processes (vertisolization-tirsification processes determinant of a special black color in the soil), and the second one, later and current, distinguishing processes of salt accumulation (saline brines) and surface crust formations (saltcrete) of halite and gypsum with high value of electric conductivity (salinization and hydromorphic processes).

Effectiveness of fishing gears to assess fish assemblage size structure in small lake ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Clement ◽  
K. Pangle ◽  
D. G. Uzarski ◽  
B. A. Murry
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Assemblage Size

Soil Salinization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichu Rengasamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Osmotic Effect

Salt accumulation in soils, affecting agricultural productivity, environmental health, and the economy of the community, is a global phenomenon since the decline of ancient Mesopotamian civilization by salinity. The global distribution of salt-affected soils is estimated to be around 830 million hectares extending over all the continents, including Africa, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas. The concentration and composition of salts depend on several resources and processes of salt accumulation in soil layers. Major types of soil salinization include groundwater associated salinity, non–groundwater-associated salinity, and irrigation-induced salinity. There are several soil processes which lead to salt build-up in the root zone interfering with the growth and physiological functions of plants. Salts, depending on the ionic composition and concentration, can also affect many soil processes, such as soil water dynamics, soil structural stability, solubility of essential nutrients, and pH and pE of soil water—all indirectly hindering plant growth. The direct effect of salinity includes the osmotic effect affecting water and nutrient uptake and the toxicity or deficiency due to high concentration of certain ions. The plan of action to resolve the problems associated with soil salinization should focus on prevention of salt accumulation, removal of accumulated salts, and adaptation to a saline environment. Successful utilization of salinized soils needs appropriate soil and irrigation management and improvement of plants by breeding and genetic engineering techniques to tolerate different levels of salinity and associated abiotic stress.

Classification and Mitigation of Soil Salinization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Right

Soil salinity has been causing problems for agriculturists for millennia, primarily in irrigated lands. The importance of salinity issues is increasing, since large areas are affected by irrigation-induced salt accumulation. A wide knowledge base has been collected to better understand the major processes of salt accumulation and choose the right method of mitigation. There are two major types of soil salinity that are distinguished because of different properties and mitigation requirements. The first is caused mostly by the large salt concentration and is called saline soil, typically corresponding to Solonchak soils. The second is caused mainly by the dominance of sodium in the soil solution or on the soil exchange complex. This latter type is called “sodic” soil, corresponding to Solonetz soils. Saline soils have homogeneous soil profiles with relatively good soil structure, and their appropriate mitigation measure is leaching. Naturally sodic soils have markedly different horizons and unfavorable physical properties, such as low permeability, swelling, plasticity when wet, and hardness when dry, and their limitation for agriculture is mitigated typically by applying gypsum. Salinity and sodicity need to be chemically quantified before deciding on the proper management strategy. The most complex management and mitigation of salinized irrigated lands involves modern engineering including calculations of irrigation water rates and reclamation materials, provisions for drainage, and drainage disposal. Mapping-oriented soil classification was developed for naturally saline and sodic soils and inherited the first soil categories introduced more than a century ago, such as Solonchak and Solonetz in most of the total of 24 soil classification systems used currently. USDA Soil Taxonomy is one exception, which uses names composed of formative elements.

scholarly journals The catena aspect of the landscape diversity of the «Dnipro-Orilsky» natural reserve

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-431
Author(s):  
Yuriy I. Gritsan ◽  
Olga M. Kunakh ◽  
Julia J. Dubinina ◽  
Vadim I. Kotsun ◽  
Yuriy I. Tkalich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Component ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Profile Position ◽  
Filtration Capacity

In the present investigation catena approaches to assess the landscape diversity of the “Dnipro-Orilsky” natural reserve was developed. Catena which lies in the reserve embraces flood and arena biogeocoenoses. The research was performed during the 2014– 2018. The two profiles were made at the “Dnipro-Orilsky” natural reserve within which main geomorphological landscape elements are presented. There are 29 sampling polygons within these p rofiles. The soil profile description, vegetation investigation, soil and soil animals quantitative assessment was carried out in each of them. In this publication we presented the results of sampling polygons 1–4, 25 and 26. The profile 1 best reflects the traditional view of catena: it goes from the highest places of the sand terrace (arena) to the lowest place (floodplain). But relief diversity is increased by the availability of small river Protich. It floodplain provides an alternative transit and accumulation gradient. It should be noted that the main part of the main slope profile does not fully meet the transit regime, as compiled by sandy soils, which are char- acterized by high filtration capacity. Therefore, the slope profile position is largely corresponded to eluvial regimes. The accumulative part of the profile which corresponds to the floodplain of Dnipro river is significantly influenced by impact of the flood factor than the accumulative part of the profile which corresponds to the floodplain of Protich river. The soils within floodplain of Protich river have more quantity of clay. Clay soils are characterized by capillary properties, as soil salinization is common in the floodplain of Protich river. Alternative profile 2 includes Orlov valley. This element of the landscape is accumulative, but not affected by flood factor. In the biogeocenotic context catena sampling points were considered as being composed of pedocatena, phytocatena and zoocatena. The biogeocenotic approach is the chain that connects the landscape structure, the diversity of soil cover, and diversities of the plant and animal communities. The functional, spatial and temporal properties of ecosystems in landscape context can be expressed by catena. The biogeocoenosis concept is a basis for integration of the pedocatena, phytocatena and zoocatena. Catena approach is the framework for a monitoring system landscape diversity both at the level of individual component biogeocoenosis (edaphotop, phytocenosis, and zoocenosis) and biogeocoenosis level in terms of its horizontal and vertical structure and at the landscape level as a whole intercon- nected system. The traditional idea of catena as a set of eluvial, transit and accumulative positions in a complex and diverse landscape is not able to cover the most important environmental gradients modes. The complexity of the landscape is due to relief diversity and the effects of anthropogenic transformation biogeocenotic cover. Catena therefore can be seen as a multilevel hierarchical system of the biogeocenotic polygons needed to consider the diversity of physiographic conditions and anthropogenic gradients.

scholarly journals Salt accumulation and distribution in a greenhouse soil as affected by salinity of irrigation water and leaching management

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio F. Blanco ◽  
Marcos V. Folegatti
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Leaching Fraction

The effects of irrigation water salinity, leaching fraction and its frequency of application on soil salinization were studied. Three water salinities (S1=1.54, S2=3.10 and S3=5.20 dS m-1) and two irrigation water depths associated with their application frequencies (W1=1.00 ETc; W2F1=1.25 ETc in all irrigations and W2F2=1.25 ETc when the irrigation water depth of W1 reached 100 mm where ETc is the crop evapotranspiration), were applied during the growing period of a grafted-cucumber crop in a greenhouse. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks of 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 3 replications. Soil salinity at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 m depths increased linearly with salinity levels of water and the leaching fraction did not have any effect regardless of its management. Salt concentration was higher near the soil surface and between the adjacent drippers.

scholarly journals MONITORAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA E ACÚMULO DE SAIS NO SOLO PELA IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severino Borges da Silva Filho ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco Assis de Oliveira ◽  
Ely Martins de Lima ◽  
José Ronaldo Medeiros Costa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Infiltration Method

MONITORAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA  E  ACÚMULO DE  SAIS  NO SOLO PELA IRRIGAÇÃO  Severino Borges da Silva FilhoFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia/Universidade Estadual da ParaíbaCEP.:58.109-000.  Campina Grande – PB.Lourival Ferreira CavalcanteDepartamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural/Centro de Ciências Agrárias – UFPB.Fone: 0xx(83) 3622300. Fax: (83) 3622259. E-mail: [email protected]. Areia-PB.Francisco Assis de OliveiraDepartamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural/Centro de Ciências Agrárias – UFPB.CEP.: 58.397 – 000.   Areia-PBEly Martins de LimaEmpresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – EMATER-PB. Rua José Américo de Almeida. Fone: 0xx(83) 3622286. CEP.: 58.397 – 000.   Areia-PBJosé Ronaldo Medeiros CostaCPGPV/CCA/UFPB, 58.397 – 000. Areia-PB.  1        RESUMO Mensalmente, no período de novembro/95 a abril/97, amostras de água do açude Epitácio Pessoa, situado no município de Boqueirão, região semi-árida do Estado da Paraíba, foram coletadas, analisadas para fim agrícola e estudados os riscos potenciais de salinização e alcalinização do solo. O transporte de sais ao solo foi avaliado a partir da condutividade elétrica  do extrato de saturação e teores de cátions e ânions, após quatro anos consecutivos de irrigação pelo método de infiltração por sulco, em quatro áreas irrigadas, num total de 10 hectares, cultivados com bananeira em comparação com uma área virgem. A variação da qualidade da água foi baixa, uma vez que durante dezoito meses de monitoramento a condutividade elétrica variou de 0,89 para 1,13 dSm-1, apresentando, mesmo nos períodos críticos da estiagem, possibilidade de uso para agricultura com riscos moderados para a salinização e alcalinização do solo. O incremento de sais no solo após quatro anos de irrigação, apesar de percentualmente alto em todas as áreas, em relação a área não irrigada, não atingiu o nível salino, isto é, a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação foi inferior a 4 dSm-1. O acúmulo salino foi mais expressivo da primeira para a segunda camada do solo, refletindo carreamento com as sucessivas irrigações. UNITERMOS: salinidade da água de irrigação, transporte de sais ao solo pela irrigação.  SILVA FILHO, S. B., CAVALCANTE, L. F., OLIVEIRA, F. A., et al.  MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY AND SALT INCREMENT TO SOILS BY WATER IRRIGATION.  2   ABSTRACT During the period of november/95 to april/97 samples of water were of collected monthy one damp from municipality of  Boqueirão,  region semi-arid of Paraíba state-Brazil, in order to evaluate the potencial dangers of salinization and alkalinization of soils by irrigation. The salt transport to soil was studied from electric conductivity on satured extect of the soil and also on  contents of cations and anions, after four years of cultivation with banana (Musa sp) by furrow water infiltration method in one total area of 10 ha in  area non irrigated. The variability of water quality for irrigation during the period of 18 months of  monitoring was low, the eletcric conductivity increased from 0.89 to 1.13 dSm-1, showing comparison to a non irrigatial area  the  possibility of  use in agriculture during critical period of drought with moderate dangers to  salinization e alkalinization of the soil. The salt increment to soil after four years of irrigation in spite of  percentualy height in all areas, the data of electric conductivity of the soil were equal ou lower to 4 dSm-1 . The salt accumulation into the  soil was more expressive of first to second depth of  profile showing carryning of the salts into soil with the successive irrigations. KEYWORDS: Salinity water irrigation, transport of salts to soil  by water irrigation.

scholarly journals SALINIZAÇÃO DO SOLO POR APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Sergio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
José Francisco Teles Filho ◽  
Roberto Takafumi Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

SALINIZAÇÃO DO SOLO POR APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO  Nildo da Silva Dias1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte2; José Francisco Teles Filho2; Roberto Takafumi Yoshinaga21Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO As curvas de salinização artificial de solos por excesso de adubos auxilia experimentos com manejo de fertirrigação e tolerância das plantas à salinidade, visando o controle da salinidade em ambientes protegidos. Para construir as curvas de salinização artificial do solo por aplicação de fertilizantes desenvolveu-se um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, município de Piracicaba, SP. A primeira fase do experimento constou de ensaios de curvas de salinidade de água em função da concentração de fertilizantes e, na segunda etapa utilizaram-se amostras de 10 kgde Latossolo Vermelho, os quais foram peneirados, secos ao ar e acondicionados em vasos de 17 L. As amostras de solos foram salinizadas artificialmente por excesso de adubos utilizados na fertirrigação, sendo as quantidades e as proporções de sais aplicados no solo baseados na extração total de nutrientes para a cultura do melão (Cucumis melo L.). A umidade do solo foi elevada até a máxima capacidade de retenção e concomitantemente foram adicionados os sais diluídos na água, obtendo-se nove níveis de salinidade do solo (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 dS m -1) com três repetições. A curva de salinidade foi testada também em canteiros construídos sob ambiente protegido para se obter seis níveis de salinidade do solo (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 e 6,0 dS m -1). Pelos resultados constata-se que a salinização artificial do solo requer a elaboração criteriosa de curvas para que sejam adicionados aos solos adubos suficientes para se conseguir níveis de condutividade elétrica no extrato de saturação do solo pré-estabelecido. A técnica utilizada para salinizar artificialmente o solo permitiu que se atingisse CEes desejada com boa precisão. UNITERMOS: salinidade, condutividade elétrica, fertirrigação.  N.S., DIAS; S.N., DUARTE; J.F.T., FILHO; R.T.,YOSHINAGA. SOIL SALINIZATION THROUGH FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS IN GREENHOUSE  2 ABSTRACT The soil artificial salinization curves by over fertilization are helpful to experiments with fertirrigation management and plant tolerance to salinity in greenhouse. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse located in an experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of ESALQ- USP, Piracicaba- SP, Brazil, in order to build artificial salization curves. The first phase of experiment consisted of water salinity curve assays in function of fertilizer concentrations. In the second phase, 10 kgsift-dried Oxisol soil samples conditioned in 17 Lpots were used. The soil samples were salinized artificially by fertilizers through fertirrigation; the applied salt dose amount and proportion were based on melon (Cucumis melo, L.) total nutritional extraction. Soil humidity was increased to maximum water hold capacity by using diluted salt in water and that resulted in 9 different salinity soil levels (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 dS m -1) with 3 replications.  The salinity curve was tested in soil beds in two greenhouses to obtain six soil salinity levels (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 e 6.0 dS m -1). Artificial soil salinization requires a careful curve elaboration to produce the desired electric conductivity in the saturation extract. The technique used for soil salinization allowed obtaining satisfactorily accurate EC values. KEYWORDS: salinity, electric conductivity, fertirrigation

scholarly journals On the importance of monsoon rainstorm impact period in soil salinization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengming Ke ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Lihui Ma ◽  
Feng Jiao ◽  
Wen Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Dynamic Distribution ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Long-term soil salt accumulation could lead to salinization. Aimed to prevent soil salinization, we investigated soil salt dynamics, its interface with the groundwater table, rainfalls duration and the impact periods when salt is mostly accumulated. Total soil salt accumulation and dynamic distribution were monitored in the 0–80 cm layer in alluvial farmland from 2018 to 2020. We found soil salt contents increased by 0.15 g kg–1 and 0.07 g kg–1 in the 0–40 and 40–80 cm soil layers, respectively, which indicated that soil salinization occurred. We defined the rainstorm impact period (RIP) as period when soil salt dynamic distribution was affected by rainstorm event. The salinity time-trend during RIP was sequentially characterized by a first salt leaching, followed by a rapid and then slow salt accumulation, which took the first 4 days, from day 4 to 10, and then beyond, respectively. In the first leaching stage, salt migration content was determined by rainfall (P < 0.05) which could leach 41.5% of salt on average in the whole soil layer. In the rapid accumulation stage, lots of salt accumulated due to high evapotranspiration and shallow groundwater table. In the slow accumulation stage, salt accumulation rate was inhibited by deeper groundwater table. In addition, the total accumulated soil salt in the whole soil layer increased by 0.14 g kg–1 in the RIPs, which comprised only 14.5% of the overall study period, but the value accounted for 63.6% of the salt accumulation, thereby indicating that RIPs were the main periods when salt accumulated during the soil salinization process. Our results provided insights into soil salt dynamic distribution during RIPs, thereby facilitating the effective prevention and control of soil salinization.

scholarly journals SALINIDADE E MANEJO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO. II: EFEITOS SOBRE O RENDIMENTO DO MELOEIRO.

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Sérgio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
José Francisco Teles Filho
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

 SALINIDADE E MANEJO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃOEM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO. II: EFEITOS SOBRE O RENDIMENTO DO MELOEIRO.  Nildo da Silva Dias1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte2; José Francismar de Medeiros1; José Francisco Teles Filho21Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal Rural do Sem- Árido, Mossoró, RN, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO Devido à falta de conhecimento por parte dos nossos agricultores e técnicos a respeito do manejo adequado da fertirrigação, tem sido freqüente os problemas de salinização de solo, sobretudo em ambiente protegido. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de dois manejos da fertirrigação e de diferentes níveis de salinidade iniciais do solo causados pela aplicação excessiva de fertilizantes no rendimento do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.). O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da ESALQ/USP, localizado no município de Piracicaba, SP. Os tratamentos foram compostos da combinação dos fatores: salinidade inicial do solo aos níveis 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 e 6,0 dS m-1 e dos manejos de fertirrigação tradicional e com controle da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados completos com 4 repetições, sendo os fatores estudados arranjados em esquema fatorial de 6 x 2. Determinou-se o limite máximo da salinidade (salinidade limiar) tolerada pela cultura, causada pelo excesso de sais fertilizantes e seus efeitos sobre as variáveis rendimento total e comercial de frutos por planta e nos componentes de produção (Peso médio de frutos comerciais e totais). Pelos resultados, o rendimento total e comercial e o peso médio dos frutos foram significativamente reduzidos com o aumento da salinidade do solo, mas o manejo da fertirrigação não influenciou significativamente sobre as variáveis estudadas. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., solução do solo, condutividade elétrica.  DIAS, N.S, DUARTE, S.N; MEDEIROS, J.F.; TELES FILHO, J.F. SALINITY AND FERTIGATION MANAGEMENT IN GREENHOUSES. II: EFFECTS ON FRUIT YIELD OF MELON  2 ABSTRACT Due to the lack of knowledge of the appropriate fertigation management in greenhouses by our farmers and technicians, problems of soil salinization have been frequently observed. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of different initial soil salinity levels caused by fertilizer application, with differentiated fertigation management, on yield of melon plants (Cucumis melo L.). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in the Department of Rural Engineering of “Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz”-USP, Piracicaba, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a combination of factors, initial soil salinity levels of 1.0, 2.0 3.0 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 dS m-1 and fertigation management (traditional and with soil solution electric conductivity monitoring). The statistical test was carried out in randomized blocks, arranged in a 6x2 factorial design, and four replications. Soil salinity maximum limit for that culture, caused by fertilizer excess, was determined and its effects on fruit yield parameters and total and marketable yields. Results showed that both total and marketable fruit yields and total weight per fruit were significantly reduced as soil salinity increased, but fertigation management did not significantly affected this yield parameters. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo L., soil solution, electric conductivity.

scholarly journals Status and Causes of Soil Salinization of Irrigated Agricultural Lands in Southern Baja California, Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyoshi Endo ◽  
Sadahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Juan A. Larrinaga ◽  
Hideyasu Fujiyama ◽  
Toshimasa Honna
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water

Selected farmlands in southern Baja California, Mexico, were surveyed to determine the levels and the causes of salinization/sodication in irrigated agricultural soil. The salt dynamics observed in profiles differed from farm to farm. Low EC and high pH levels were observed in the profiles of sandy fields, because the salt composition of these soils can easily change when salts are leached by irrigation water that contains carbonates of sodium. On the other hand, high levels of salinity and sodicity were observed in the soils of clayey fields. Soil salinization/sodication is complexly interrelated with soil characteristics, the amount and composition of salts in the soil, the quantity and quality of irrigation water applied, and the irrigation methods used. Our findings indicate that irrigation water in Baja California should be supplied at a rate that is sufficient to meet crop requirements without exacerbating salt accumulation.

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